This is a glossary of terms which are commonly found in Stoic

STOIC

STOIC was a variant of Forth.It started out at the MIT and Harvard Biomedical Engineering Centre in Boston, and was written in the mid 1970s by Jonathan Sachs...

 philosophy.

A

adiaphora

Adiaphora

Adiaphoron is a concept of Stoic philosophy that indicates things outside of moral law—that is, actions that morality neither mandates nor forbids....

: ἀδιάφορα: indifferent things, neither good nor bad.
agathos: ἀγαθὸς: good, proper object of desire.
anthrôpos: ἄνθρωπος: human being, used by Epictetus

Epictetus

Epictetus was a Greek sage and Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia , and lived in Rome until banishment when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece where he lived the rest of his life. His teachings were noted down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses...

 to express an ethical ideal.
apatheia

Apatheia

Apatheia in Stoic philosophy refers to a state of mind where one is free from emotional disturbance. This might be translated as equanimity or indifference...

: ἀπάθεια: serenity, peace of mind, such as that achieved by the Stoic sage.
aphormê: ἀφορμή: aversion, impulse not to act (as a result of ekklisis). Opposite of hormê.
aproêgmena: ἀποπροηγμένα: dispreferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally undesirable things, such as illness. Opposite of proêgmena.
aretê

Arete

Areté is the term meaning "virtue" or "excellence", from Greek ἈρετήArete may also be used:*as a given name of persons or things:**Queen Arete , a character in Homer's Odyssey.***197 Arete, an asteroid....

: ἀρετή: Virtue. Goodness and human excellence.
askêsis: ἄσκησις: disciplined training designed to achieve virtue.
ataraxia

Ataraxia

Ataraxia is a Greek term used by Pyrrho and Epicurus for a lucid state, characterized by freedom from worry or any other preoccupation.For the Epicureans, ataraxia was synonymous with the only true happiness possible for a person...

: ἀταραξία: tranquillity, untroubled by external things.
autarkeia: αὐτάρκεια: self-sufficiency, mental independence of all things.

D

daimôn

Daemon (mythology)

The words dæmon and daimôn are Latinized spellings of the Greek "δαίμων", a reference to the daemons of Ancient Greek religion and mythology, as well as later Hellenistic religion and philosophy...

: δαίμων: divine spirit within humans.
diairesis

Diairesis

Diaeresis is used as a technical term in Platonic and Stoic philosophy.- Plato's method of definition :...

: διαίρεσις: analysis, division into parts. Used when distinguishing what is subject to our power of choice from what is not.
dogma

Dogma

Dogma is the established belief or doctrine held by a religion, or a particular group or organization. It is authoritative and not to be disputed, doubted, or diverged from, by the practitioners or believers...

: δόγμα: principle established by reason and experience.
doxa

Doxa

Doxa is a Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion, from which are derived the modern terms of orthodoxy and heterodoxy.Used by the Greek rhetoricians as a tool for the formation of argument by using common opinions, the doxa was often manipulated by sophists to persuade the people,...

: δόξα: belief, opinion.

E

ekklisis: ἔκκλισις: aversion, inclination away from a thing. Opposite of orexis.
ekpyrôsis

Ekpyrôsis

Ekpyrosis is a Stoic belief in the periodic destruction of the cosmos by a great conflagration every Great Year. The cosmos is then recreated only to be destroyed again at the end of the new cycle....

: ἐκπύρωσις: cyclical conflagration of the Universe.
eph' hêmin: ἐφ' ἡμῖν: up to us, what is in our power, i.e. the correct use of impressions.
epistêmê

Episteme

Episteme, as distinguished from techne, is etymologically derived from the Greek word ἐπιστήμη for knowledge or science, which comes from the verb ἐπίσταμαι, "to know".- The Concept of an "Episteme" in Michel Foucault :...

: επιστήμη: certain and true knowledge, over and above that of katalêpsis.
eudaimonia

Eudaimonia

Eudaimonia or eudaemonia , sometimes Anglicized as eudemonia , is a Greek word commonly translated as happiness or welfare; however, "human flourishing" has been proposed as a more accurate translation...

: εὺδαιμονια: happiness, well-being.
eupatheia: ευπάθεια: good feeling, (as contrasted with pathos), occurring in the Stoic sage who performs correct (virtuous) judgements and actions.

H

hêgemonikon: ἡγεμονικόν: ruling faculty of the mind.
heimarmenê: εἱμαρμένη: fate, destiny.
hormê

Horme

Horme is the Greek spirit personifying energetic activity, impulse or effort , eagerness, setting oneself in motion, and starting an action, and particularly onrush in battle. She had an altar at Athens, where mainly the divine servants and relations of Zeus had altars...

: ὁρμή: positive impulse or appetite towards an object (as a result of orexis). Opposite of aphormê.
hylê

Hyle

In philosophy, hyle refers to matter or stuff. It can also be the material cause underlying a change in Aristotelian philosophy. The Greeks originally had no word for matter in general, as opposed to raw material suitable for some specific purpose or other, so Aristotle adapted the word for...

: ὕλη: matter, material.

K

kalos: καλός: beautiful. Sometimes used in a moral sense: honourable, virtuous.
katalêpsis

Katalepsis

Katalepsis in Stoic philosophy, meant comprehension. It is a term that originally refers to the Stoic philosophers and was to them, a landmark ideological premise regarding one's state of mind as it relates to grasping fundamental philosophical concepts....

: κατάληψις: clear comprehension and conviction.
kathêkon

Kathekon

Kathekon is a Greek concept, forged by the founder of Stoicism, Zeno of Citium. It may be translated as "appropriate behaviour", "befitting actions," or "convenient action for nature", or also "proper function." Kathekon has been translated in Latin by Cicero as officium, and by Seneca as...

: καθῆκον: duty, appropriate action on the path to Virtue.
kosmos

Cosmos

In the general sense, a cosmos is an orderly or harmonious system. It originates from the Greek term κόσμος , meaning "order" or "ornament" and is antithetical to the concept of chaos. Today, the word is generally used as a synonym of the word Universe . The word cosmos originates from the same root...

: κόσμος: order, world, universe.

L

logikos: λογικός: rational.
logos

Logos

' is an important term in philosophy, psychology, rhetoric and religion. Originally a word meaning "a ground", "a plea", "an opinion", "an expectation", "word," "speech," "account," "reason," it became a technical term in philosophy, beginning with Heraclitus ' is an important term in...

: λόγος: reason, explanation, word. Also, the ordering principle in the kosmos.
logos spermatikos: λόγος σπερματικὸς: the generative principle of the Universe which creates and takes back all things.

O

oîêsis: οἴησις: opinion, usually arrogant or self-conceited.
oikeiôsis: οἰκείωσις: self-ownership and extension. The process of self-awareness in all animals, which in humans leads to a sense of community.
orexis: ὄρεξις: desire, inclination towards a thing, Opposite of ekklisis.
ousia

Ousia

Ousia is the Ancient Greek noun formed on the feminine present participle of ; it is analogous to the English participle being, and the modern philosophy adjectival ontic...

: οὐσία: substance, being.

P

paideia

Paideia

In ancient Greek, the word n. paedeia or paideia [ to educate + - -IA suffix1] means child-rearing, education. It was a system of instruction in Classical Athens in which students were given a well-rounded cultural education. Subjects included rhetoric, grammar, mathematics, music, philosophy,...

: παιδεία: training, education.
palingenesia

Palingenesis

Palingenesis is a concept of rebirth or re-creation, used in various contexts in philosophy, theology, politics, and biology. Its meaning stems from Greek palin, meaning again, and genesis, meaning birth....

: παλιγγενεσία: periodic renewal of the world associated with ekpyrôsis.
pathos

Pathos

Pathos represents an appeal to the audience's emotions. Pathos is a communication technique used most often in rhetoric , and in literature, film and other narrative art....

: πάθος: passion or emotion, often excessive and based on false judgements.
phantasia: φαντασία: impression, appearance, the way in which something is perceived.
physis

Physis

Physis is a Greek theological, philosophical, and scientific term usually translated into English as "nature."In The Odyssey, Homer uses the word once , referring to the intrinsic way of growth of a particular species of plant. In the pre-Socratic philosophers it developed a complex of other...

: φύσις: nature.
pneuma

Pneuma (Stoic)

In Stoic philosophy, pneuma is the concept of the "breath of life," a mixture of the elements air and fire . Originating among Greek medical writers who locate human vitality in the breath, pneuma for the Stoics is the active, generative principle that organizes both the individual and the cosmos...

: πνεῦμα: air, breath, spirit, often as a principle in Stoic physics.
proêgmena: προηγμένα: preferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally desirable things, such as health. Opposite of aproêgmena.
pro(h)airesis

Prohairesis

Prohairesis is a fundamental concept in the Stoic philosophy of Epictetus. It represents the choice involved in giving or withholding assent to impressions. The use of this Greek word was first introduced into philosophy by Aristotle in the Nicomachean Ethics...

: προαίρεσις: free will, reasoned choice, giving or withholding assent to impressions.
prokopê: προκοπή: progress, on the path towards wisdom.
prolêpsis: πρόληψις: preconception possessed by all rational beings.
psychê: ψυχή: mind, soul, life, living principle.

S

sophos

Sage (Sophos)

In the Symposium, Plato draws a distinction between a philosopher and a sage . The difference is explained through the concept of love, which lacks the object it seeks. Therefore the philosopher does not have the wisdom he or she seeks. The sage, on the other hand, does not love, or seek, wisdom...

: σοφός: wise person, virtuous sage, and the ethical ideal.
synkatathesis (or sunkatathesis): συγκατάθεσις: assent, approval to impressions, enabling action to take place.
sympatheia: συμπάθεια: sympathy, affinity of parts to the organic whole, mutual interdependence.

T

technê

Techne

Techne, or techné, as distinguished from episteme, is etymologically derived from the Greek word τέχνη which is often translated as craftsmanship, craft, or art. It is the rational method involved in producing an object or accomplishing a goal or objective...

: τέχνη: craft, art. The practical application of knowledge, especially epistêmê.
telos

Telos (philosophy)

A telos is an end or purpose, in a fairly constrained sense used by philosophers such as Aristotle. It is the root of the term "teleology," roughly the study of purposiveness, or the study of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, or intentions. Teleology figures centrally in Aristotle's...

: τέλος: goal or objective of life.
theôrêma: θεώρημα: general principle or perception.
theos: θεός: god; associated with the order in the Universe.
tonos: τόνος: tension, a principle in Stoic physics causing attraction and repulsion, and also the cause of virtue and vice in the soul.