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The Global 200 is the list of ecoregion
Ecoregion

An ecoregion , sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecology and geographically defined area smaller than a "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural community and species....
s identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions (Dinerstein et al. 1995, TNC 1997)."

The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact.






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The Global 200 is the list of ecoregion
Ecoregion

An ecoregion , sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecology and geographically defined area smaller than a "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural community and species....
s identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions (Dinerstein et al. 1995, TNC 1997)."

The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered.

Background

The WWF has identified 867 terrestrial ecoregions across the Earth
Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the World and Wiktionary:Terra.Note that by International Astronomical Union convention, the term "Terra" is used for naming extensive land masses, rather...
's land surface, as well as freshwater and marine ecoregions. The goal of this classification system is to ensure that the full range of ecosystem
Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment....
s will be represented in regional conservation and development strategies. Of these ecoregions, the WWF selected the Global 200 as the ecoregions most crucial to the conservation
Conservation ethic

Conservation is an ethic of resource use, allocation, and protection. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the Natural environment: its forests, fishery, habitat , and biological diversity....
 of global biodiversity
Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems....
. The Global 200 list actually contains 238 ecoregions, made up of 142 terrestrial, 53 freshwater, and 43 marine ecoregions.

Conservationists interested in preserving biodiversity have generally focused on the preservation of tropical moist broadleaf forests (commonly known as tropical rainforests) because it is estimated that they harbor one half of Earth's species. On the other hand, the WWF determined that a more comprehensive strategy for conserving global biodiversity should also consider the other half of species, as well as the ecosystem
Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment....
s that support them.

Several habitats, such as Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome
Biome

Biomes are Climateally and geographically defined areas of ecologically similar climatic conditions such as Community of plants, animals, and Soil biology, and are often referred to as ecosystems....
, were determined to be more threatened than tropical rain forests, and therefore require concerted conservation action. WWF maintains that "although conservation action typically takes place at the country level, patterns of biodiversity and ecological processes (e.g., migration) do not conform to political boundaries", which is why ecoregion-based conservation strategies are deemed essential.

Classification

Historically, zoologists and botanists have developed various classification systems that take into account the world's plant and animal communities. Two of the worldwide classification systems most commonly used today were summarized by Miklos Udvardy
Miklos Udvardy

Miklos Dezso Ferenc Udvardy was a biologist and biogeographer. He was born on March 23, 1919 in Debrecen, Hungary to Miklos Udvardy and Elizabeth Komlossy....
 in 1975.

The Earth's land surface can be divided into eight biogeographical realms (formerly called kingdoms, and which the WWF calls ecozones) that represent the major terrestrial communities of animals and plants, and are a synthesis of previous systems of floristic province
Floristic province

A Phytochorion, in phytogeography, is a geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species. Adjacent phtyochoria do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both regions overlap....
s and faunal regions. The biome system classifies the world into ecosystem types (i.e. forest
Forest

File:Stara planina suma.jpgA forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on various criteria....
s, grassland
Grassland

Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants . However, sedge and rush families can also be found....
s, etc.) based on climate
Climate

Climate encompasses the temperatures, humidity, atmospheric pressure, winds, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other Meteorology elements in a given region over long periods of time, as opposed to the term weather, which refers to current activity of these same elements....
 and vegetation
Vegetation

refers to the flora system of a specific region....
. Each biogeographical realm contains multiple biomes, and biomes occur across several biogeographical realms. A system of biogeographical provinces was developed to identify specific geographic areas in each biogeographical realm that were of a consistent biome type, and shared distinct plant and animal communities. The WWF system represents a further refinement of the system of biomes (which the WWF calls "major habitat types"), biogeographical realms, and biogeographical provinces (the WWF scheme divides most biogeographical provinces into multiple smaller ecoregions).

Selection process

Based on a comprehensive list of ecoregion
Ecoregion

An ecoregion , sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecology and geographically defined area smaller than a "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural community and species....
s, The Global 200 includes all major habitat types (biomes), all ecosystem
Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment....
 types, and species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
 from every major habitat type. It focuses on each major habitat type of every continent (such as tropical forests or coral reef
Coral reef

Coral reefs are aragonite structures produced by living organisms. In most reefs the predominant organisms are colonial cnidarian that secrete an exoskeleton of calcium carbonate....
s). It uses ecoregion
Ecoregion

An ecoregion , sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecology and geographically defined area smaller than a "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural community and species....
s as the unit of scale for comparison. WWF say ecoregions could be considered as conservation units at regional scale because they meet similar biological communities.

Some ecoregions were selected over other ecoregions of the same major habitat type (biome) or ecozone. Selection of the Global 200 relied on extensive studies of 19 terrestrial, freshwater, and marine major habitat types. Selection of the ecoregions was based on analyses of species richness, species endemism
Endemic (ecology)

Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a particular geographic location, such as a specific island, Habitat type, nation, or other defined zone....
, unique higher taxa
Taxon

A taxon or taxonomic unit is a name designating an organism or a group of organisms. In biological nomenclature according to Carl Linnaeus, a taxon is assigned a taxonomic rank and can be placed at a particular level in a systematic hierarchy reflecting evolutionary relationships....
, unusual ecological or evolutionary phenomena, and global rarity of major habitat type.

Global 200 ecoregion list is most helpful to conservation efforts at a regional scale: local deforestation
Deforestation

Deforestation is the logging or burning of trees in forested areas. There are several reasons for doing so: trees or derived charcoal can be sold as a commodity and are used by humans while cleared land is used as pasture, plantations of commodities and human settlement....
, destruction of swamp habitats, degradation of soils, etc. However, certain phenomena, such as bird or whale migration
Fish migration

Many types of fish migration on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annual, and over distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers....
, depend on more complex parameters not used to define the current database, such as atmospheric currents and dynamic pelagic ecosystems. These would require gathering more information, and co-ordination of efforts between multiple ecoregions. However, the Global 200 ecoregions can help these efforts by identifying habitat sites and resting sites for migratory animals. It may also help identify the origin of invasive species
Invasive species

Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions. The first definition expresses the phrase in terms of non-indigenous species that adversely affect the habitats they invade economically, environmentally or ecologically....
, and offer insights for slowing down or stopping their intrusion.

Global 200: Terrestrial


Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests


Afrotropic
Afrotropic

The Afrotropic is one of the earth's eight ecozones. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the southern and eastern fringes of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean....
  • Guinean moist forests
    • AT0111 Eastern Guinean forests
    • AT0114 Guinean montane forests
    • AT0130 Western Guinean lowland forests
  • Congolian coastal forests
    • AT0102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests
    • AT0126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
  • Cameroon Highlands forests
    • AT0103 Cameroonian Highlands forests
      Cameroonian Highlands forests

      The Cameroonian Highlands forests are a montane tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Cameroon and Nigeria....
  • Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
    • AT0124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
  • Central Congolian lowland forests
    • AT0104 Central Congolian lowland forests
  • Western Congolian moist forests
    • AT0129 Western Congolian swamp forests
      Western Congolian swamp forests

      The Western Congolian swamp forests are an ecoregion of the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Together with the adjacent Eastern Congolian swamp forests, it forms one of the largest continuous areas of freshwater swamp forest in the world....
  • Albertine Rift montane forests
    • AT0101 Albertine Rift montane forests
      Albertine Rift montane forests

      The Albertine Rift montane forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of central Africa. The montane forests cover portions of Rwanda, Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western Uganda and Tanzania, occupy the parallel mountain ranges that enclose the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the...
  • East African Coastal Forests
    • AT0125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
    • AT0128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
  • Eastern Arc Montane Forests (Kenya
    Kenya

    The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the northeast, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, and Sudan to the northwest, with the Indian Ocean running along the southeast border....
    , Tanzania
    Tanzania

    Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania , is a country in East Africa that is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south....
    )
    • AT0108 Eastern African montane forests
  • Madagascar lowlands and subhumid forests
    • AT0117 Madagascar lowland forests
      Madagascar lowland forests

      The Madagascar lowland forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion, found on the eastern coast of the island of Madagascar....
    • AT0118 Madagascar subhumid forests
      Madagascar subhumid forests

      The Madagascar subhumid forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion which originally covered most of the central highlands of the island of Madagascar....
  • Seychelles
    Seychelles

    Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an archipelago Country of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
     and Mascarene Islands
    Mascarene Islands

    The Mascarene Islands is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar comprising Mauritius, R?union, Rodrigues , Cargados Carajos shoals, plus the former islands of the Saya de Malha Bank, Nazareth Bank and Soudan Banks banks....
     moist forests
    • AT0113 Granitic Seychelles forests
    • AT0120 Mascarene forests


Australasia
Australasia ecozone

The Australasian zone is an ecozone that is coincident, but not synonymous , with the geography region of Australasia. The ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea , and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timo...
  • Sulawesi
    Sulawesi

    Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands....
     moist forests
    • AA0123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests
    • AA0124 Sulawesi montane rain forests
  • Moluccas moist forests (Indonesia
    Indonesia

    The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
    )
    • AA0106 Halmahera rain forests
  • Southern New Guinea lowland forests
    • AA0122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests
  • New Guinea montane forests
    • AA0116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests
      Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests

      The Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of northern New Guinea....
  • Solomons - Vanuatu - Bismarck moist forests
    • AA0126 Vanuatu rain forests
      Vanuatu rain forests

      The Vanuatu rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion that includes the islands of Vanuatu, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands group of the neighboring Solomon Islands....
  • Queensland tropical rain forests
    • AA0117 Queensland tropical rain forests
      Queensland tropical rain forests

      The Queensland tropical rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion located in northeastern Australia....
  • New Caledonia moist forests
    • AA0113 New Caledonia rain forests
      New Caledonia rain forests

      The New Caledonia rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion, located in New Caledonia in the Oceania. It is a Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion, part of the Australasia ecozone....
  • Lord Howe
    Lord Howe Island

    Lord Howe Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean east of the Australian mainland. Along with Ball's Pyramid, it is administered by the Lord Howe Island Board, one of 175 local authorities in the state of New South Wales, and is part of the Mid-North Coast Statistical Division....
    -Norfolk Island
    Norfolk Island

    Norfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. It and two neighbouring islands form one of Australia's external Territory ....
    s forests
    • AA0109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests


Indomalaya
Indomalaya

The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight ecozones that cover the planet's land surface. It extends across most of South Asia and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia....
  • South Western Ghats montane rain forests and moist deciduous forests
    • IM0150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
      South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests

      The South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of southern India. It covers the southern portion of the Western Ghats range and the Nilgiri Hills between 250 and 1000 meters elevation in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states....
    • IM0151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests
      South Western Ghats montane rain forests

      The South Western Ghats montane rain forests are an ecoregion of South India, covering the southern portion of the Western Ghats range in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, at elevations over 1000 meters....
  • Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka

    Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is an island country in South Asia, located about off the southern coast of India....
     moist forests
    • IM0154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
    • IM0155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests
  • Northern Indochina
    Indochina

    Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a subregion in Southeast Asia. It lies roughly east of India, south of China.The word has French origins, Indochine, and was adopted when French colonizers in Vietnam began expanding their territory to bordering countries....
     Subtropical moist forests
    • IM0137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests
      Northern Indochina subtropical forests

      The Northern Indochina subtropical forests are a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of northern Indochina, covering portions of Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and China's Yunnan Province....
  • Southeast China-Hainan moist forests
    • IM0149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests
    • IM0169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
  • Taiwan
    Taiwan

    Taiwan is an island in East Asia. "Taiwan" is also commonly used to refer to the country governed by the Republic of China and to the ROC itself, which governs the island of Taiwan, Orchid Island and Green Island, Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean off the Taiwan coast, the Penghu islands in the Taiwan Strait, and Kinmen and the Matsu Islands...
     montane forests
    • IM0172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests
      Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests

      The Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests is an ecoregion that covers most of the island of Taiwan, with the exception of the southern tip of the island, which constitutes the South Taiwan monsoon rain forests ecoregion....
  • Annamite Range
    Annamite Range

    The Annamite Range is a mountain range of eastern Indochina, which extends approximately 1100 km through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in northeast Cambodia....
     moist forests (Cambodia
    Cambodia

    The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in South East Asia with a population of over 13 million people. The kingdom's capital and largest city is Phnom Penh....
    , Laos
    Laos

    Laos , officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west....
    , Vietnam
    Vietnam

    Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
    )
    • IM0136 Northern Annamites rain forests
    • IM0152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests
  • Sumatran Islands lowland and montane forests
    • IM0157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests
    • IM0158 Sumatran lowland rain forests
    • IM0159 Sumatran montane rain forests
    • IM0160 Sumatran peat swamp forests
  • Philippines moist forests
    • IM0114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests
    • IM0122 Luzon montane rain forests
    • IM0123 Luzon rain forests
    • IM0125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests
    • IM0128 Mindanao montane rain forests
    • IM0129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests
    • IM0130 Mindoro rain forests
  • Palawan
    Palawan

    Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA Regions of the Philippines. Its capital is Puerto Princesa City, and it is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction....
     moist forests
    • IM0143 Palawan rain forests
  • Kayah
    Kayah State

    Kayah State is a administrative divisions of Myanmar of Myanmar. Situated in eastern Myanmar, it is bounded on the north by Shan State, on the east by Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province, and on the south and west by Kayin State....
    -Karen/Tenasserim moist forests
    • IM0119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests
    • IM0163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests
  • Peninsular Malaysian lowland and montane forests
    • IM0144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests
    • IM0145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests
      Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests

      The Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of the Malay Peninsula, which includes portions of Malaysia and southern Thailand....
    • IM0146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
  • Borneo
    Borneo

    Borneo is the List of islands by area and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Administratively, this island is divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei....
     lowland and montane forests
    • IM0102 Borneo lowland rain forests
    • IM0103 Borneo montane rain forests
    • IM0104 Borneo peat swamp forests
      Borneo peat swamp forests

      The Borneo peat swamp forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia....
  • Nansei Shoto Archipelago forests (Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
    )
    • IM0170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests
  • Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests (India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
    )
    • IM0111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
      Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests

      The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of east-central India. The ecoregion covers an area of 341,100 square kilometers , extending across portions of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa states....
  • Naga - Manipuri - Chin Hills moist forests (Bangladesh
    Bangladesh

    , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south....
    , India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
    , Myanmar
    Myanmar

    Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia, or Indochina. The country is bordered by the People's Republic of China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, and the Bay of Bengal to the southwest with...
    )
    • IM0109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests
      Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests

      The Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest terrestrial ecoregions in western Myanmar. Surrounded at lower elevations by moist tropical forests, this ecoregion is home a diverse range of subtropical and temperate species, including many species characteristic of the Himalaya, as well as many...
    • IM0120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
      Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests

      The Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and eastern India....
    • IM0131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests
      Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests

      The Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion which occupies the lower hillsides of the mountainous border region joining India, Bangladesh, and Burma ....
  • Cardamom Mountains moist forests
    • IM0106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests
  • Western Java montane forests
    • IM0167 Western Java montane rain forests


Neotropic
Neotropic

In biogeography, Neotropic or Neotropical refers to one of the world's eight terrestrial ecozones.This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexico lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and southern Florida, because these regions share a large number of plant and animal groups....
  • Greater Antillean
    Greater Antilles

    File:LocationGreaterAntilles.pngThe Greater Antilles is one of three island groups in the Caribbean. Comprising Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico--the four largest islands of the Antilles--the Greater Antilles constitutes almost 90% of the land mass of the entire West Indies....
     moist forests
    • NT0120 Cuban moist forests
    • NT0127 Hispaniolan moist forests
    • NT0131 Jamaican moist forests
    • NT0155 Puerto Rican moist forests
  • Talamancan-Isthmian Pacific forests
    • NT0167 Talamancan montane forests
      Talamancan montane forests

      The Talamancan montane forests are a montane tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Costa Rica and Panama....
  • Choco - Darien moist forests
    • NT0115 Choco-Darien moist forests
  • Northern Andean montane forests
    • NT0145 Northwestern Andean montane forests
  • Coastal Venezuela
    Venezuela

    Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a country on the northern coast of South America.The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea....
     montane forests
    • NT0147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests
    • NT0169 Tepuis
    • NT0171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests
  • Guianan moist forests
    • NT0125 Guianan moist forests
  • Napo moist forests
    • NT0142 Napo moist forests
  • Rio Negro - Jurua moist forests
    • NT0132 Japura-Solimoes-Negro moist forests
    • NT0133 Jurua-Purus moist forests
    • NT0158 Rio Negro campinarana
  • Guayana Highlands moist forests
    • NT0124 Guayanan Highlands moist forests
  • Central Andean yungas
    Yungas

    The Yungas is a stretch of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from southeastern Peru through central Bolivia. It is a transitional zone between the Andean highlands and the eastern forests....
    • NT0105 Bolivian Yungas
    • NT0153 Peruvian Yungas
  • Southwestern Amazonian moist forests
    • NT0166 Southwest Amazon moist forests
  • Atlantic forests
    • NT0103 Bahia coastal forests
      Bahia coastal forests

      The Bahia coastal forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of eastern Brazil, part of the larger Atlantic Forest region....
    • NT0151 Pernambuco coastal forests
      Pernambuco coastal forests

      The Pernambuco coastal forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of northeastern Brazil, part of the larger Atlantic Forest region....
    • NT0160 Serra do Mar coastal forests
      Serra do Mar coastal forests

      Biome: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forestsRealm: NeotropicalWWF ID: NT0160Size: 104,800 square kilometers...


Oceania
Oceania ecozone

Oceania is the smallest of the world's terrestrial ecozones, and unique in not including any continental land mass. The ecozone includes the Pacific Ocean islands of Micronesia, the Fiji, and most of Polynesia ....
  • South Pacific Islands forests (American Samoa
    American Samoa

    American Samoa is an Territories of the United States of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa....
     - United States, Cook Islands
    Cook Islands

    The Cook Islands are a self-governing parliamentary democracy in Associated state with New Zealand. The fifteen small islands in this Pacific Ocean country have a total land area of 240 square kilometres , but the Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone covers 1.8 million square kilometres of ocean....
     - New Zealand, Fiji
    Fiji

    Fiji , officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands , is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean east of Vanuatu, west of Tonga and south of Tuvalu....
    , French Polynesia
    French Polynesia

    French Polynesia is a France overseas collectivity in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory ....
     - France, Niue
    Niue

    Niue is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia". Natives of the island call it "the Rock"....
     - New Zealand, Samoa
    Samoa

    Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa , is a country governing the western part of the Samoan Islands archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean....
    , Tonga
    Tonga

    The Kingdom of Tonga in the south Pacific Ocean comprises an archipelago of 171 islands, 48 of them inhabited, stretching over a distance of about 800 kilometres in a north-south line....
    , Wallis and Futuna Islands - France)
    • OC0102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests
    • OC0103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests
    • OC0104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests
    • OC0105 Fiji tropical moist forests
    • OC0112 Samoan tropical moist forests
    • OC0114 Tongan tropical moist forests
    • OC0117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests
  • Hawaii
    Hawaii

    File:Pahoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpgThe State of Hawaii is a U.S. state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia....
     moist forests
    • OC0106 Hawaii tropical moist forests
      Hawaii tropical moist forests

      The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of in the Windward and leeward lowlands and Cloud forest regions of the islands....


Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

Thetropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome, also known as tropical dry forest, is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes....


Afrotropic
  • Madagascar
    Madagascar

    Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the List of islands by area, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are Endemism to Madagascar....
     dry deciduous forests
    • AT0202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests
      Madagascar dry deciduous forests

      The Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion generally situated in the western part of Madagascar....


Australasia
  • Nusu Tenggara
    Tenggara

    Tenggara means southeast in Indonesian language and Malay language. The term can be frequently found in topography.Malaysia*Bandar Tenggara...
     Dry Forests (Indonesia
    Indonesia

    The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
    )
    • AA0201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
    • AA0203 Sumba deciduous forests
    • AA0204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
  • New Caledonia
    New Caledonia

    New Caledonia , is a "sui generis collectivity" of France located in the subregion of Melanesia in the Oceania. It comprises a main island , the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands....
     dry forests
    • AA0202 New Caledonia dry forests


Indomalaya
  • Indochina
    Indochina

    Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a subregion in Southeast Asia. It lies roughly east of India, south of China.The word has French origins, Indochine, and was adopted when French colonizers in Vietnam began expanding their territory to bordering countries....
     dry forests
    • IM0202 Central Indochina dry forests
  • Chhota - Nagpur dry forests
    • IM0203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests


Neotropic
  • Mexican dry forests
    Mexican dry forests

    The Mexican dry forests is a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion of Mexico. The ecoregion is a composite, and includes the dry forest ecoregions of Mexico's Pacific Coast from Sinaloa and southern Baja California peninsula to Guatemala....
    • NT0201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests
    • NT0204 Bajio dry forests
    • NT0205 Balsas dry forests
      Balsas dry forests

      The Balsas dry forests are a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion of southern Mexico....
    • NT0227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests
      Sierra de la Laguna dry forests

      The Sierra de la Laguna dry forests are a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests terrestrial ecoregion of the southern Baja California Peninsula in Mexico....
  • Tumbesian - Andean valleys dry forests (Colombia
    Colombia

    Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the north west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean....
    , Ecuador
    Ecuador

    Ecuador , officially the , literally, "Republic of the equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west....
    , Peru
    Peru

    Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
    )
    • NT0214 Ecuadorian dry forests
    • NT0221 Magdalena Valley dry forests
    • NT0223 Marañón dry forests
    • NT0232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests
  • Chiquitano dry forests
    • NT0212 Chiquitano dry forests
      Chiquitano dry forests

      The Chiquitano dry forests is a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion in Bolivia and Brazil....
  • Atlantic dry forests
    • NT0202 Atlantic dry forests
      Atlantic dry forests

      The Atlantic dry forests are a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion of eastern Brazil....


Oceania
  • Hawaii
    Hawaii

    File:Pahoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpgThe State of Hawaii is a U.S. state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia....
     dry forests
    • OC0202 Hawaii tropical dry forests


Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests are a forest biome. They are located in regions of semi-humid climate at tropical and subtropical latitudes....


Nearctic
Nearctic

The Nearctic is one of the eight Terrestrial ecoregion ecozones dividing the Earth's land surface.The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico....
  • Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental pine-oak forests
    • NA0302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests
      Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests

      The Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests are a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Sierra Madre Occidental range of Mexico and the southwestern United States....
    • NA0303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests
      Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests

      The Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests are a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion of northeastern Mexico, extending into the state of Texas in the United States....


Neotropic
  • Greater Antillean pine forests
    • NT304 Cuban pine forests
    • NT305 Hispaniolan pine forests
      Hispaniolan pine forests

      The Hispaniolan pine forests are a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion found on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. The ecoregion covers 11,600 km? or about 15% of the island....
  • Mesoamerican pine-oak forests
    Mesoamerican pine-oak forests

    The Mesoamerican pine-oak forests is a composite ecoregion of southern Mexico and Central America, designated by the World Wildlife Fund as one of their Global 200 ecoregions, a list of priority ecoregions for conservation....
     (El Salvador
    El Salvador

    El Salvador is the smallest country in the Americas and Central America by size, and the most densely populated nation in Central America. It borders on the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras....
    , Guatemala
    Guatemala

    Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast....
    , Honduras
    Honduras

    Honduras is a democratic republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras ....
    , Mexico
    Mexico

    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
    , Nicaragua
    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
    )
    • NT0308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests
    • NT0309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests
    • NT0310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests
      Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests

      The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests is a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of central Mexico....


Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests are a temperate and humid biome. The typical structure of these forests include four layers. The upper most layer is the canopy which is composed of tall mature trees....


Australasia
  • Eastern Australia temperate forests
    • AA0402 Eastern Australian temperate forests
  • Tasmanian temperate rain forests
    • AA0413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests
      Tasmanian temperate rain forests

      The Tasmanian temperate rain forests are an ecoregion of western Tasmania. This ecoregion is one of a small number of temperate rain forests in the world, characterized by cool and mild temperate climates with a strong oceanic influence, high year-round rainfall, and the presence of west-facing coastal mountains....
  • New Zealand
    New Zealand

    New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous Islands of New Zealand, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands....
     temperate forests
    • AA0403 Fiordland temperate forests
    • AA0404 Nelson Coast temperate forests
    • AA0405 Northland temperate forests
    • AA0406 Northland temperate kauri forests
    • AA0407 Rakiura Island temperate forests
    • AA0410 Southland temperate forests
    • AA0414 Westland temperate forests


Indomalaya
  • Eastern Himalayan broadleaf and conifer forests
    • IM0401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
      Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests

      The Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion which is found in the middle elevations of the eastern Himalayas, including parts of Nepal, India, and Bhutan....
  • Western Himalayan temperate forests
    • IM0403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests


Nearctic
  • Appalachian and mixed mesophytic forests
    • NA0402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
      Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests

      The Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests comprise an ecoregion in the Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America. They are one of the most biologically diverse temperate forest regions on earth....


Palearctic
Palearctic

The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth surface.Physically, the Palearctic is the largest ecozone....
  • Southwest China temperate forests
    • PA0417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests
    • PA0434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests
    • PA0437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests
  • Russian Far East temperate forests
    • PA0426 Manchurian mixed forests
    • PA0443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests


Temperate coniferous forests
Temperate coniferous forests

Temperate coniferous forest is a terrestrial ecoregion biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest....


Nearctic
  • Pacific temperate rain forests
    Pacific temperate rain forests

    The Pacific temperate rain forests of North America is the largest temperate rain forest ecoregion on the planet as defined by the World Wildlife Fund ....
    • NA0510 Central Pacific coastal forests
    • NA0512 Eastern Cascades forests
    • NA0520 Northern Pacific coastal forests
  • Klamath - Siskiyou forests
    • NA0516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests
      Klamath-Siskiyou forests

      The Klamath-Siskiyou forests are a temperate coniferous forest terrestrial ecoregion in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon and is part of the ecoregion system establishe by the World Wildlife Fund ....
  • Sierra Nevada forests
    • NA0527 Sierra Nevada forests
  • Southeastern coniferous and broadleaf forests
    • NA0529 Southeastern conifer forests


Neotropic
  • Valdivian temperate rain forests
    Valdivian temperate rain forests

    The Valdivian temperate rain forests are a Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion located on the west coast of southern South America, lying mostly in Chile and extending into a small part of Argentina....
     - Juan Fernandez Islands
    Juan Fernández Islands

    The Juan Fern?ndez Islands is a sparsely inhabited island group reliant on tourism and fishing in the Pacific Ocean, situated about 667 km off the coast of Chile, and is composed of several volcanic islands:...
    • NT0401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests
    • NT0404 Valdivian temperate forests


Palearctic
  • European - Mediterranean montane mixed forests
    • PA0501 Alps conifer and mixed forests
    • PA0513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
      Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests

      Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests is a Temperate coniferous forests ecoregion which occupies the high mountain ranges of North Africa and southern Spain....
  • Caucasus - Anatolian - Hycanian temperate forests (Armenia
    Armenia

    Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
    , Azerbaijan
    Azerbaijan

    Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
    , Bulgaria
    Bulgaria

    The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
    , Georgia
    Georgia (country)

    Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
    , Iran
    Iran

    Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    , Turkey
    Turkey

    Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
    , Turkmenistan
    Turkmenistan

    Turkmenistan is a Turkic peoples country in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic ....
    )
    • PA0407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
      Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests

      The Caspian and Hyrcanian Mixed Forests ecoregion is an area of lush lowland and montane forests covering about 55,000 square kilometers near the southern shores of the Caspian Sea....
    • PA0408 Caucasus mixed forests
      Caucasus mixed forests

      The Caucasus mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion that covers the Caucasus range, which forms the traditional border between Europe and Asia, as well as the adjacent Lesser Caucasus range and the eastern end of the Pontic Mountains....
    • PA0507 Elburz Range forest steppe
      Elburz Range forest steppe

      The Elburz Range forest steppe ecoregion is an arid, mountainous 1000-kilometer arc south of the Caspian Sea, stretching across northern Iran from the Azerbaijan border to near the Turkmenistan border....
    • PA0515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
      Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests

      The Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests is a Temperate coniferous forests terrestrial ecoregion of northern Turkey. The ecoregion extends along the Pontic Mountains of northern Anatolia, and is bounded by the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion to the north, which occupies the coastal strip between the mountains and the Bl...
  • Altai - Sayan montane forests
    • PA0502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe
    • PA0519 Sayan montane conifer forests
  • Hengduan Shan coniferous forests
    • PA0509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests


Boreal forests/taiga


Nearctic
  • Muskwa / Slave Lake boreal forests
    • NA0610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests
  • Canadian Boreal Forests
    • NA0606 Canadian taiga


Palearctic
  • Ural Mountains taiga
    • PA0610 Urals montane tundra and taiga
  • East Siberian taiga
    • PA0601 East Siberian taiga
  • Kamchatka taiga and grasslands
    • PA0603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests
    • PA0604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga


Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a grassland biome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes....


Afrotropic
  • Horn of Africa
    Horn of Africa

    The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts for hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea, and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden....
     acacia savannas
    • AT0715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
  • East African acacia savannas
    • AT0711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
  • Central and Eastern miombo woodlands
    • AT0704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands
    • AT0706 Eastern Miombo woodlands
      Eastern Miombo woodlands

      The Eastern Miombo woodlands are an ecoregion of Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique....
  • Sudanian savannas
    • AT0705 East Sudanian savanna
      East Sudanian savanna

      The East Sudanian savanna is a tropical savanna ecoregion of central Africa. It is the eastern half of the broad savanna belt which runs east and west across Africa, from the Atlantic to the Ethiopian Highlands....
    • AT0722 West Sudanian savanna


Australasia
  • Northern Australia
    Australia

    Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
     and Trans-Fly savannas
    • AA0701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna
    • AA0702 Brigalow tropical savanna
    • AA0703 Cape York tropical savanna
    • AA0704 Carpentaria tropical savanna
    • AA0705 Einasleigh upland savanna
    • AA0706 Kimberly tropical savanna
    • AA0708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands


Indomalaya
  • Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands
    • IM0701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands


Neotropic
  • Llanos savannas
    • NT0709 Llanos
      Llanos

      Los Llanos is a vast tropical grassland plain situated at the east of the Andes in northwestern South America . Its main river is the Orinoco....
  • Cerrado woodlands and savannas
    • NT0704 Cerrado
      Cerrado

      The cerrado is a vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil. The cerrado is characterised by an enormous range of plant and animal biodiversity....


Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a biome whose predominant vegetation consists of grasses and/or shrubs. The climate is temperate and semi-arid to semi-humid....


Australasia
  • Central Range subalpine grasslands
    • AA0802 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands


Nearctic
  • Northern prairie
    Prairie

    Prairie refers to temperate grasslands of North America. These are areas of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few or no trees, having a generally mesic habitat climate....
    • NA0810 Northern mixed grasslands
    • NA0811 Northern short grasslands
    • NA0812 Northern tall grasslands


Neotropic
  • Patagonia
    Patagonia

    Patagonia is a geographic region containing the southernmost portion of South America. Located in Argentina and Chile, it comprises the Andes mountains to the west and south, and plateaux and low plains to the east....
    n steppe
    • NT0805 Patagonian steppe


Palearctic
  • Daurian steppe
    • PA0804 Daurian forest steppe


Flooded grasslands and savannas
Flooded grasslands and savannas

Flooded grasslands and savannas are a biome, generally located at subtropical and tropical latitudes, where which are flooded seasonally or year-round....


Afrotropic
  • Sudd
    Sudd

    The Sudd also called the Bahr el Jebel in Southern Sudan Sudan, is a vast swamp formed by the White Nile. The Sudd area is one of the largest wetland areas in the world and the largest freshwater wetland in the Nile basin....
     - Sahelian flooded grasslands and savannas (Cameroon
    Cameroon

    The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary state of central and western Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south....
    , Chad
    Chad

    Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west....
    , Ethiopia
    Ethiopia

    Ethiopia , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country situated in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the northeast....
    , Mali
    Mali

    Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the C?te d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west....
    , Niger
    Niger

    Niger , officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east....
    , Nigeria
    Nigeria

    Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federation constitutional republic comprising States of Nigeria and one Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria....
    , Sudan
    Sudan

    Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
    , Uganda
    Uganda

    The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania....
    )
    • AT0903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna
    • AT0904 Lake Chad
      Lake Chad

      Lake Chad is a historically large, shallow lake in Africa, whose size has varied greatly over the centuries. It is economically very important, providing water to more than 20 million people living in the four countries which surround it — Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria....
       flooded savanna
    • AT0905 Saharan flooded grasslands
  • Zambezian flooded savannas
    • AT0906 Zambezian flooded grasslands
      Zambezian flooded grasslands

      The Zambezian flooded grasslands is a flooded grassland ecoregion of southern and central Africa.The Zambezian flooded grasslands can be found on seasonally or permanently flooded lowlands in the basin of the Zambezi River and neighboring river basins....


Indomalaya
  • Rann of Kutch
    Rann of Kutch

    The Rann of Kutch is a seasonally marshy region located in the Thar Desert biogeographic province in Gujarat situated 8km away from village KHARAGHODA located in patdi town of surendra nagar districtStates and territories of India of northwestern India and the Sind Subdivisions of Pakistan of Pakistan....
     flooded grasslands
    • IM0901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh


Neotropic
  • Everglades
    Everglades

    The Everglades are a tropics wetland located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large Drainage basin....
     flooded grasslands
    • NT0904 Everglades
      Everglades

      The Everglades are a tropics wetland located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large Drainage basin....
  • Pantanal
    Pantanal

    The Pantanal is a tropical wetland in South America, mostly within the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, and also portions in Bolivia and Paraguay....
     flooded savannas
    • NT0907 Pantanal
      Pantanal

      The Pantanal is a tropical wetland in South America, mostly within the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, and also portions in Bolivia and Paraguay....


Montane grasslands and shrublands
Montane grasslands and shrublands

Montane grasslands and shrublands is a biome defined by the World Wildlife Fund. The biome includes high altitude grasslands and shrublands around the world....


Afrotropic
  • Ethiopian Highlands
    • AT1007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
    • AT1008 Ethiopian montane moorlands
  • Southern Rift montane woodlands
    • AT1015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic
  • East African moorlands
    • AT1005 East African montane moorlands
  • Drakensberg
    Drakensberg

    The Drakensberg is the highest mountain range in Southern Africa, rising to in height. In Zulu language, it is referred to as uKhahlamba , and in Sesotho as Maluti ....
     montane shrublands and woodlands
    • AT1003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
    • AT1004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests


Indomalaya
  • Kinabalu montane shrublands
    • IM1001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows


Neotropic
  • Northern Andean paramo
    Páramo

    File:Rossettenstauden.JPGP?ramo is a neotropical ecosystem. It is located in the high elevations, between the upper forest line and the permanent snow line ....
    • NT1006 Northern Andean paramo
  • Central Andean dry puna
    Puna

    Puna may refer to:* Puna , one of the eight physiographic regions of Peru* Puna , the king of Hiti-marama or of Vavau in the Tuamotu legend of Rata...
    • NT1001 Central Andean dry puna
      Central Andean dry puna

      The Central Andean dry puna is an ecoregion located in the Andean High plateau, in South America. It is a part of the Puna grassland....


Palearctic
  • Tibetan Plateau steppe
    • PA1020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrub and meadows
  • Middle Asian montane steppe and woodlands (Afghanistan
    Afghanistan

    Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
    , China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
    , Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan
    Kyrgyzstan

    Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, it is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and People's Republic of China to the east....
    , Tajikistan
    Tajikistan

    Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east....
    , Turkmenistan
    Turkmenistan

    Turkmenistan is a Turkic peoples country in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic ....
    , Uzbekistan
    Uzbekistan

    Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a Landlocked_country#Doubly_landlocked_country country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union....
    )
    • PA1011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert
    • PA1015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows
    • PA1013 Ordos Plateau steppe
  • Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows
    • PA1003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
      Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows

      The Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows is an alpine ecoregion of Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal, which lies between the tree line and snow line in the eastern portion of the Himalaya Range....


Tundra
Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is an biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tund?r, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract." There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra and alpine tundra....


Nearctic
Nearctic

The Nearctic is one of the eight Terrestrial ecoregion ecozones dividing the Earth's land surface.The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico....
  • Alaskan North Slope coastal tundra (Canada
    Canada

    Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
    , United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    )
    • NA1103 Arctic coastal tundra
    • NA1104 Arctic foothills tundra
    • NA1108 Brooks-British Range tundra
  • Canadian low arctic tundra (Canada
    Canada

    Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
    )
    • NA1114 Low Arctic tundra
    • NA1116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra
    • NA1118 Torngat Mountain tundra


Palearctic
Palearctic

The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth surface.Physically, the Palearctic is the largest ecozone....
  • Fenno - Scandia alpine tundra and taiga (Finland
    Finland

    Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
    , Norway
    Norway

    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    , Sweden
    Sweden

    Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
    )
    • PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
      Scandinavian and Russian taiga

      Scandinavian and Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the boreal forests/taiga zone as defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature classification ....
    • PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra
    • PA1110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands
      Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands

      The Scandinavian Montane Birch forests and grasslands PA 1110 is one of the terrestrial ecoregions as defined by the World Wildlife Fund....
  • Taimyr and Siberian coastal tundra
    • PA1107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra
    • PA1111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra
  • Chukote coastal tundra (Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    )
    • PA1104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra


Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub


Afrotropic
  • Fynbos
    Fynbos

    Fynbos is the natural shrubland or Heath vegetation occurring in a small belt of the Western Cape of South Africa, mainly in winter rainfall coastal and mountainous areas with a Mediterranean climate....
    • AT1202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
    • AT1203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld


Australasia
  • Southwestern Australia forests and scrub
    • AA1201 Coolgardie woodlands
    • AA1202 Esperance mallee
      Esperance mallee

      Esperance Mallee is a World Wide Fund for Nature ecoregion on the south coast of Western Australia. It is part of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome....
    • AA1209 Southwest Australia savanna
    • AA1210 Southwest Australia woodlands
  • Southern Australia mallee and woodlands
    • AA1203 Eyre and York mallee
    • AA1206 Mount Lofty woodlands
    • AA1208 Naracoorte woodlands


Nearctic
  • California chaparral and woodlands
    California chaparral and woodlands

    The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of central and southern California and northwestern Baja California , located on the west coast of North America....
    • NA1201 California coastal sage and chaparral
    • NA1202 California interior chaparral and woodlands
    • NA1203 California montane chaparral
      California montane chaparral

      California montane chaparral is a plant community principally within the state of California in the USA. This plant association is one designated by the A.W....
       and woodlands


Neotropic
  • Chilean Matorral
    • NT1201 Chilean Matorral
      Chilean Matorral

      The Chilean Matorral is a terrestrial ecoregion of central Chile, located on the west coast of South America. It is a Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion, part of the Neotropic ecozone....


Palearctic
  • Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
    • PA1214 Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
      Mediterranean Basin

      The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub...


Deserts and xeric shrublands
Deserts and xeric shrublands

Desert and xeric shrublands is a biome characterized by, relating to, or requiring only a small amount of moisture. Deserts and xeric shrublands receive an annual average rainfall of ten inches or less, and have an arid or hyperarid climate, characterized by a strong moisture deficit, where annual potential loss of moisture from evapotransp...


Afrotropic
  • Namib - Karoo - Kaokoveld deserts (Angola
    Angola

    Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordering Namibia to the south, Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, and Zambia to the east, and with a west coast along the Atlantic Ocean....
    , Namibia
    Namibia

    Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in southern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean coast. It shares borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south....
    , South Africa
    South Africa

    The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
    )
    • AT1310 Kaokoveld desert
    • AT1314 Nama Karoo
    • AT1315 Namib desert
      Namib Desert

      The Namib Desert is a desert in Namibia and southwest Angola which forms part of the Namib-Naukluft National Park. The name "Namib" is of Nama language origin....
    • AT1322 Succulent Karoo
      Succulent Karoo

      The Succulent Karoo is a deserts and xeric shrublands terrestrial ecoregion of South Africa and Namibia....
  • Madagascar spiny thicket
    • AT1311 Madagascar spiny thicket
  • Socotra Island desert (Yemen
    Yemen

    Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
    )
    • AT1318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands
  • Arabian Highland woodlands and shrublands (Oman
    Oman

    Oman , officially the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest....
    , Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    , United Arab Emirates
    United Arab Emirates

    The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven states situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman and Saudi Arabia....
    , Yemen
    Yemen

    Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
    )
    • AT1320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna
    • AT1321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands
      Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands

      The Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of the Arabian Peninsula....


Australasia
  • Carnavon xeric scrub
    • AA1301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands
      Carnarvon xeric shrublands

      The Carnarvon xeric shrublands or Carnarvon bioregion is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of Western Australia. The ecoregion covers an area of 90,500 square kilometers ....
  • Great Sandy - Tanami deserts
    • AA1304 Great Sandy-Tanami deserts


Nearctic
  • Sonoran - Baja deserts
    • NA1301 Baja California desert
      Baja California Desert

      The Baja California desert is a Deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula....
    • NA1310 Sonoran desert
      Sonoran Desert

      The Sonoran Desert is a North American desert which straddles part of the United States-Mexico border and covers large parts of the U.S. states of Arizona and California and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California....
  • Chihuahuan - Tehuacan deserts
    • NA1303 Chihuahuan desert
      Chihuahuan Desert

      The Chihuahuan Desert is a desert that straddles the U.S.-Mexico border. On the United States side it occupies the valleys and basins of central and southern New Mexico, Texas west of the Pecos River and southeastern Arizona; south of the border, it covers the northern half of the Mexico Mexican state of Chihuahua , most of Coahuila, north-e...


Neotropic
  • Galapagos Islands
    Galápagos Islands

    Gal?pagos Islands are an archipelago of Island#Volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean, 972 km west of continental Ecuador....
     scrub
    • NT1307 Galapagos Islands xeric scrub
  • Atacama - Sechura deserts
    • NT1303 Atacama desert
      Atacama Desert

      The Atacama Desert is a virtually rainless plateau in South America, covering a 966 km strip of land on the Pacific Ocean coast of South America, west of the Andes mountains....
    • NT1315 Sechura desert
      Sechura Desert

      The Sechura desert, also known as the Peruvian Desert or the Peru-Chile Desert, is a large stretch of desert extending north from the Atacama Desert along the northwestern South American coast....


Palearctic
  • Central Asian deserts (Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan
    Kyrgyzstan

    Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, it is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and People's Republic of China to the east....
    , Uzbekistan
    Uzbekistan

    Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a Landlocked_country#Doubly_landlocked_country country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union....
    , Turkmenistan
    Turkmenistan

    Turkmenistan is a Turkic peoples country in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic ....
    )
    • PA1310 Central Asian northern desert
    • PA1312 Central Asian southern desert


Mangroves


Afrotropic
  • East African mangroves
    • AT1402 East African mangroves
  • Gulf of Guinea mangroves
    • AT1403 Guinean mangroves
  • Madagascar mangroves
    • AT1404 Madagascar mangroves


Australasia
  • New Guinea mangroves
    • AA1401 New Guinea mangroves
      New Guinea mangroves

      The New Guinea mangroves is a mangrove ecoregion that covers portions of coastal New Guinea. The New Guinea mangroves cover an area of 26,800 square kilometers , and cover extensive areas of coastline, particularly among the river mouths of New Guinea's south coast....


Indomalaya
  • Greater Sundas mangroves
    • IM1405 Sunda shelf mangroves
  • Sundarbans mangroves
    • IM1406 Sundarbans mangroves


Neartic
  • Northwest Mexican coast mangroves
    • NA1401 Northwest Mexican coast mangroves


Neotropic
  • Guianan - Amazon mangroves
    • NT1401 Alvarado mangroves
    • NT1402 Amapa mangroves
    • NT1406 Belizean reef mangroves
    • NT1411 Guianan mangroves
    • NT1427 Pará mangroves
  • Panama Bight mangroves
    • NT1405 Belizean coast mangroves
    • NT1414 Gulf of Panama mangroves


Global 200: Freshwater ecoregions


Large rivers


Afrotropic
  • Congo River
    Congo River

    The Congo River is the largest river in Western Central Africa. Its overall length of 4,700 km makes it the second longest in Africa ....
     and flooded forests (Angola
    Angola

    Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordering Namibia to the south, Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, and Zambia to the east, and with a west coast along the Atlantic Ocean....
    , Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo)

Indomalaya
  • Mekong River (Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)

Nearctic
  • Colorado River (Mexico, United States)
  • Lower Mississippi River
    Mississippi River

    The Mississippi River is the longest river in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico....
     (United States)

Neotropic
  • Amazon River
    Amazon River

    The Amazon River of South America is the list of rivers by length in the world by volume, with a total river flow greater than the next top eight largest rivers combined....
     and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
  • Orinoco River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)

Palearctic
  • Yangtze River
    Yangtze River

    The Yangtze River, or Chang Jiang , is the longest river in China and Asia, and the List of rivers by length in the world, after the Nile in Africa and the Amazon River in South America....
     and lakes (China)


Large river headwaters


Afrotropic
  • Congo
    Congo River

    The Congo River is the largest river in Western Central Africa. Its overall length of 4,700 km makes it the second longest in Africa ....
     basin piedmont rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Sudan)

Nearctic
  • Mississippi
    Mississippi River

    The Mississippi River is the longest river in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico....
     piedmont rivers and streams (United States)

Neotropic
  • Upper Amazon
    Amazon River

    The Amazon River of South America is the list of rivers by length in the world by volume, with a total river flow greater than the next top eight largest rivers combined....
     rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela)
  • Upper Paraná
    Paraná River

    This article is about the second-longest river in South America: For the shorter river in Goi?s, central Brazil, see Paran? RiverThe Paran? River is a river in south central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina over a course of some 2,570 kilometers ....
     rivers and streams (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
  • Brazilian Shield Amazonian
    Amazon River

    The Amazon River of South America is the list of rivers by length in the world by volume, with a total river flow greater than the next top eight largest rivers combined....
     rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)


Large river delta
River delta

A delta is a landform that is created at the mouth of a river where that river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, flat arid area, or another river....
s


Afrotropic
  • Niger River delta (Nigeria
    Nigeria

    Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federation constitutional republic comprising States of Nigeria and one Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria....
    )

Indomalaya
  • Indus River Delta
    Indus River Delta

    The Indus River Delta forms where the Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea in Pakistan. The delta covers an area of about 16,000 square miles , and is approximately 130 miles across where it meets the sea....
     (India, Pakistan)

Palearctic
  • Volga River Delta
    Volga Delta

    The Volga Delta is the largest inland river delta in Europe, and occurs where Europe's largest river system, the Volga River, drains into the Caspian Sea in Russia's Astrakhan Oblast, north-east of the republic of Kalmykia....
     (Kazakhstan, Russia)
  • Mesopotamian delta and marshes (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait)
  • Danube River delta
    Danube Delta

    The Danube river delta is the second largest delta in Europe, after the Volga Delta, and is the best preserved on the continent . The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania , while its northern part, on the left bank of the Chilia arm, is situated in Ukraine ....
     (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
  • Lena River
    Lena River

    The Lena is the easternmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean: the Ob River, the Yenisei River and the Lena. It is the 10th longest river in the world and has the 9th largest drainage basin....
     delta (Russia)


Small rivers


Afrotropic
  • Upper Guinea rivers and streams (Côte D’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
  • Madagascar freshwater (Madagascar
    Madagascar

    Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the List of islands by area, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are Endemism to Madagascar....
    )
  • Gulf of Guinea
    Gulf of Guinea

    The Gulf of Guinea is the part of the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Africa. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian is in the gulf. According to the International Hydrographic Organization, the Gulf's oceanic border is the rhumb line that runs from Cape Palmas in Liberia to Cape Lopez in Gabon ....
     rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo)
  • Cape rivers and streams (South Africa
    South Africa

    The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
    )

Australasia
  • New Guinea rivers and streams (Indonesia
    Indonesia

    The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
    , Papua New Guinea
    Papua New Guinea

    Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands ....
    )
  • New Caledonia rivers and streams (New Caledonia
    New Caledonia

    New Caledonia , is a "sui generis collectivity" of France located in the subregion of Melanesia in the Oceania. It comprises a main island , the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands....
    )
  • Kimberley rivers and streams (Australia
    Australia

    Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
    )
  • Southwest Australia rivers and streams (Australia
    Australia

    Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
    )
  • Eastern Australia rivers and streams (Australia
    Australia

    Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
    )

Indomalaya
  • Xi Jiang rivers and streams (China, Vietnam)
  • Western Ghats
    Western Ghats

    The Western Ghats also known as the Sahyadri mountains, is a mountain range along the western side of India. It runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea....
     Rivers and Streams (India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
    )
  • Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams (Sri Lanka
    Sri Lanka

    Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is an island country in South Asia, located about off the southern coast of India....
    )
  • Salween River
    Salween River

    The Salween River rises in Tibet , after which it flows through Yunnan, where it is known as the Nujiang river , although either name can be used for the whole river....
     (China, Myanmar, Thailand)
  • Sundaland
    Sundaland

    Sundaland is a biogeography region of Southeast Asia that comprises the Maritime Southeast Asia islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and surrounding smaller islands....
     rivers and swamps (Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore)

Nearctic
  • Southeastern rivers and streams (United States)
  • Pacific Northwest
    Pacific Northwest

    The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America . There are several partially overlapping definitions but the term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory or the Northwest Territories of Canada....
     coastal rivers and streams (United States)
  • Gulf of Alaska
    Gulf of Alaska

    The Gulf of Alaska is an arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east, where Glacier Bay and the Inside Passage are found....
     coastal rivers and streams (Canada, United States)

Neotropic
  • Guianan freshwater (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
  • Greater Antillean freshwater (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico)

Palearctic
  • Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)
  • Russian Far East rivers and wetlands (China, Mongolia, Russia)


Large lakes


Afrotropic
  • Rift Valley lakes
    Rift Valley lakes

    The Rift Valley lakes are a group of lakes in the Great Rift Valley formed by the East African Rift which runs through the whole eastern side of the African continent from north to south....
     (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia)

Neotropic
  • High Andean lakes (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)

Palearctic
  • Lake Baikal
    Lake Baikal

    Lake Baikal is in southern Siberia in Russia, located between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryatia to the southeast, near the city of Irkutsk....
     (Russia)
  • Lake Biwa
    Lake Biwa

    , formerly known as Omi Lake, is the largest freshwater lake in Japan, located in Shiga Prefecture , northeast of the former capital city of Kyoto....
     (Japan)


Small lakes


Afrotropic
  • Cameroon crater lakes (Cameroon)

Australasia
  • Lakes Kutubu
    Lake Kutubu

    Lake Kutubu is a lake in the Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea. It lies to the east of the Kikori River, into which it eventually drains....
     and Sentani (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
  • Central Sulawesi
    Sulawesi

    Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands....
     lakes (Indonesia)


Indomalaya
  • Philippines freshwater (Philippines)
  • Inle Lake
    Inle Lake

    Inle Lake is a freshwater lake located in the mountains of Shan State in Myanmar . It is the second largest lake in Myanmar with an estimated surface area of , and one of the highest at an altitude of ....
     (Myanmar)
  • Yunnan
    Yunnan

    is a political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately 394,000 square kilometers ....
     lakes and streams (China)

Neotropic
  • Mexican highland lakes (Mexico)


Xeric basins


Australasia
  • Central Australian freshwater (Australia)

Nearctic
  • Chihuahuan
    Chihuahuan Desert

    The Chihuahuan Desert is a desert that straddles the U.S.-Mexico border. On the United States side it occupies the valleys and basins of central and southern New Mexico, Texas west of the Pecos River and southeastern Arizona; south of the border, it covers the northern half of the Mexico Mexican state of Chihuahua , most of Coahuila, north-e...
     freshwater (Mexico, United States)

Palearctic
  • Anatolian freshwater (Syria, Turkey)


Global 200 Marine ecoregions


Polar


Antarctic Ocean
  • Antarctic Peninsula & Weddell Sea

Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic North Pole region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions....
  • Bering Sea
    Bering Sea

    The Bering Sea is a body of water in the Pacific Ocean that comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelf....
     (Canada, Russia, United States)
  • Barents-Kara Sea (Norway, Russia)


Temperate shelfs and seas


Mediterranean
  • Mediterranean Sea
    Mediterranean Sea

    The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
     (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey)

North Temperate Atlantic
  • Northeast Atlantic Shelf Marine (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom)
  • Grand Banks
    Grand Banks

    The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a group of underwater plateaus southeast of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. These areas are relatively shallow, ranging from 80 to 330 feet in depth....
     (Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon (France), United States)
  • Chesapeake Bay
    Chesapeake Bay

    The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay's drainage basin covers in the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia....
     (United States)

North Temperate Indo-Pacific
  • Yellow Sea
    Yellow Sea

    The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean peninsula....
     (China, North Korea, South Korea)
  • Sea of Okhotsk
    Sea of Okhotsk

    The Sea of Okhotsk is a part of the western Pacific Ocean, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaido to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north....
     (Japan, Russia)

Southern Ocean
Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean, also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean and the South Polar Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean south of 60th parallel south latitude....
  • Patagonian Southwest Atlantic (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)
  • Southern Australian Marine (Australia)
  • New Zealand Marine (New Zealand)


Temperate upwelling
Upwelling

An Upwelling is an physical oceanography phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water....


North Temperate Indo-Pacific
  • California Current
    California Current

    The California Current is a Pacific Ocean ocean current that moves south along the western coast of North America, beginning off southern British Columbia, and ending off southern Baja California....
     (Canada, Mexico, United States)

South Temperate Atlantic
  • Benguela Current
    Benguela Current

    The frigid waters of the north-flowing Benguela current move from the western coast of South Africa, Namibia and Angola towards north and northwest up to the line where it joins the southern equatorial current which is already a warm current....
     (Namibia, South Africa)

South Temperate Indo-Pacific
  • Humboldt Current
    Humboldt Current

    The Humboldt Current is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north-westward along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru....
     (Chile, Ecuador, Peru)
  • Agulhas Current
    Agulhas Current

    The Agulhas Current is the Western Boundary Current of the South-West Indian Ocean and is part of the westward flowing South Equatorial Current....
     (Mozambique, South Africa)


Tropical upwelling
Upwelling

An Upwelling is an physical oceanography phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water....


Central Indo-Pacific
  • Western Australian Marine (Australia)

Eastern Indo-Pacific
  • Panama Bight
    Panama Bight

    The Panama Bight is a marine ecoregion on the Pacific Ocean coast of the Americas.The Panama Bight extends eastwards from the Azuero Peninsula in Panama along the coast of the Gulf of Panama and Archipelago de las Perlas....
     (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama)
  • Gulf of California
    Gulf of California

    The Gulf of California is a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexico mainland. It is bordered by the States of Mexico of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa....
     (Mexico)
  • Galápagos Marine (Ecuador)

Eastern Tropical Atlantic
  • Canary Current
    Canary Current

    The Canary Current is an ocean current which branches south from the North Atlantic Current and flows toward the south-west about as far as Senegal where it turns west....
     (Canary Islands, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, Western Sahara)


Tropical coral
Coral reef

Coral reefs are aragonite structures produced by living organisms. In most reefs the predominant organisms are colonial cnidarian that secrete an exoskeleton of calcium carbonate....


Central Indo-Pacific
  • Nansei Shoto (Japan)
  • Sulu-Sulawesi Seas (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines)
  • Bismarck-Solomon Seas (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands)
  • Banda-Flores Sea (Indonesia)
  • New Caledonia Barrier Reef
    New Caledonia Barrier Reef

    The New Caledonia Barrier Reef is located in New Caledonia in the Oceania, and is the second-longest coral reef in the world, after Australia's Great Barrier Reef....
     (New Caledonia)
  • Great Barrier Reef
    Great Barrier Reef

    The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for 2,600 kilometres over an area of approximately ....
     (Australia)
  • Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands Marine (Australia)
  • Palau Marine (Palau)
  • Andaman Sea
    Andaman Sea

    The Andaman Sea is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Myanmar, west of Thailand and east of the Andaman Islands; it is part of the Indian Ocean....
     (Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand)

Eastern Indo-Pacific
  • Tahitian Marine (Cook Islands, French Polynesia)
  • Hawaiian Marine (Hawaii)
  • Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
  • Fiji Barrier Reef (Fiji)

Western Indo-Pacific
  • Maldives
    Maldives

    The Maldives , or Maldive Islands, officially the Republic of Maldives, is an island nation consisting of a Atolls of the Maldivess stretching south of India's Lakshadweep islands between Minicoy Island and the Chagos Archipelago, and about seven hundred kilometres south-west of Sri Lanka in the Laccadive Sea of Indian Ocean....
    , Chagos
    Chagos Archipelago

    The Chagos Archipelago is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands roughly in the centre of the Indian Ocean....
    , and Lakshadweep
    Lakshadweep

    Lakshadweep , , []), the smallest union territory of India, is a group of islands 200 to 300 km off of the coast of Kerala in the Arabian Sea....
     atolls (Chagos Archipelago (United Kingdom), India, Maldives, Sri Lanka)
  • Red Sea
    Red Sea

    The Red Sea is a salt water inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb sound and the Gulf of Aden....
     (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen)
  • Arabian Sea
    Arabian Sea

    The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia, Socotra, Kanyakumari in India, and the western coast of Sri Lanka....
     (Djibouti, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen)
  • East African Marine (Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania)
  • West Madagascar Marine (Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte and Iles Glorieuses (France), Seychelles)

Western Tropical Atlantic
  • Mesoamerican Reef (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico)
  • Greater Antillean Marine (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States)
  • Southern Caribbean Sea (Aruba, Colombia, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela)
  • Northeast Brazil Shelf Marine (Brazil)


Priority Places (19)

Amazon - World’s largest tropical rain forest and river basin Amur-Heilong - Refuge for the world’s great cats The Arctic - Protecting Arctic Environments Borneo and Sumatra - Priceless forests harbor untold species Chihuahuan Desert - Protecting the balance of a desert Coastal East Africa - Improving livelihoods by conserving nature Congo Basin - Protecting Africa’s tropical forests Coral Triangle - Home to the world’s most abundant variety of corals and sea life Eastern Himalayas - Empowering communities to protect sacred lands The Galápagos - The world’s most treasured islands Gulf of California - Protecting the world’s aquarium Madagascar - Safeguarding one of Earth’s most captivating islands Mekong - Protecting the river of life from source to sea Mesoamerican Reef - The Atlantic Ocean’s largest coral reef Namibia - Empowering communities to manage their natural resources Northern Great Plains - Restoring the great American prairie U.S. Southeast Rivers and Streams - Safeguarding America's richest source of freshwater Southern Chile - A land of ancient forests and abundant oceans Yangtze - Sustaining a valley of life

See also

Megadiverse countries
Megadiverse countries

The megadiverse countries are a group of countries that harbor the majority of the earth's species and are therefore considered extremely biodiverse....
 Biodiversity hotspots

External links



Gallery