Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars
Encyclopedia
The Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars is a frequently referenced, modern star catalogue
of stars located within 25 parsec
s of the Earth
.
astronomer Wilhelm Gliese
published his first star catalogue
of nearly one thousand stars located within 20 parsec
s of Earth
, listing their known properties and ordered by right ascension
.Items from the first catalogue were designated GL NNN and the stars were numbered from 1-915.
He published a significant update to his original catalogue as the Catalogue of Nearby Stars in 1969, extending the range out to 22 parsecs.. The update extended the list to 1,529 stars, and the stars were then designated Gl NNN.NA and numbered from 1.0 to 915.0. New stars not in the original Gliese catalogue were given fractional numbers to slot them 'between' existing Gliese stars to retain the existing right ascension
order.
A supplement to the catalogue, published in 1970 by Richard van der Riet Woolley
and associates, extended the range out to 25 parsecs. This supplement added catalogue numbers in the range 9001–9850 using the now deprecated Wo prefix. Stars in this range now also use the GJ prefix.
. The combined catalogue is now commonly referred to as the Gliese-Jahreiß (GJ) catalog. This catalogue was published with two tables: Table 1 uses the designations GJ NNNN for entries numbered 1000-1294 for confirmed nearby stars; Table 2 uses the designations GJ NNNN for entries numbered 2001-2159 for suspected nearby stars. Since the publication of this catalogue all of the stars in the combined catalogue and succeeding supplements are designated by the preferred GJ prefix.
Gliese published the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars (CNS3) in 1991, again in collaboration with Hartmut Jahreiß
; the list now containing information on more than 3,800 stars. Although this catalogue is designated as preliminary it is still the one in current use. This catalogue lists a total of 3,803 stars. Most of these stars already had GJ numbers, but there were also 1,388 stars which were not numbered. As no final version has been forthcoming, the need to give these 1,388 some name has resulted in them being numbered 3001–4388 (NN numbers, for "no name"), and data files of this catalogue now usually include these numbers. An example of a star which is often referred to by one of these unofficial GJ numbers is GJ 3021
.
An updated, online-only version of the Catalogue of Nearby Stars made by Hartmut Jahreiß
in 1998 is available from the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Heidelberg as ARICNS.
The releases of the different versions of this catalogue over the years also documents the progression of publication from the printed form of the earlier catalogues to publication in electronic form of the later catalogues, as is now the case with most other large catalogues.
Some stars are best known by the original catalogue number, such as Gliese 581
and Gliese 710
. The Gliese catalogue stars are frequent targets of study due to their proximity to Earth
.
Star catalogue
A star catalogue, or star catalog, is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some...
of stars located within 25 parsec
Parsec
The parsec is a unit of length used in astronomy. It is about 3.26 light-years, or just under 31 trillion kilometres ....
s of the Earth
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...
.
First edition and supplements
In 1957 GermanGermans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
astronomer Wilhelm Gliese
Wilhelm Gliese
Wilhelm Gliese was a German astronomer who specialized in the study and cataloging of nearby stars.-Life:Gliese was born in Goldberg, now in Polish Silesia, the son of judge Wilhelm Gliese. He worked at the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, first in Berlin and then in Heidelberg...
published his first star catalogue
Star catalogue
A star catalogue, or star catalog, is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some...
of nearly one thousand stars located within 20 parsec
Parsec
The parsec is a unit of length used in astronomy. It is about 3.26 light-years, or just under 31 trillion kilometres ....
s of Earth
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...
, listing their known properties and ordered by right ascension
Right ascension
Right ascension is the astronomical term for one of the two coordinates of a point on the celestial sphere when using the equatorial coordinate system. The other coordinate is the declination.-Explanation:...
.Items from the first catalogue were designated GL NNN and the stars were numbered from 1-915.
He published a significant update to his original catalogue as the Catalogue of Nearby Stars in 1969, extending the range out to 22 parsecs.. The update extended the list to 1,529 stars, and the stars were then designated Gl NNN.NA and numbered from 1.0 to 915.0. New stars not in the original Gliese catalogue were given fractional numbers to slot them 'between' existing Gliese stars to retain the existing right ascension
Right ascension
Right ascension is the astronomical term for one of the two coordinates of a point on the celestial sphere when using the equatorial coordinate system. The other coordinate is the declination.-Explanation:...
order.
A supplement to the catalogue, published in 1970 by Richard van der Riet Woolley
Richard van der Riet Woolley
Richard van der Riet Woolley was an English astronomer who became Astronomer Royal. His mother's maiden name was Van der Riet....
and associates, extended the range out to 25 parsecs. This supplement added catalogue numbers in the range 9001–9850 using the now deprecated Wo prefix. Stars in this range now also use the GJ prefix.
Succeeding editions
Gliese published an extension to the second edition of the catalogue in 1979 in collaboration with Hartmut JahreißHartmut Jahreiß
Hartmut Jahreiß is a German astronomer associated with Astronomisches Rechen-Institut specializing in the study of nearby stars.-Work:Hartmut Jahreiß obtained his Ph.D from the University of Heidelberg. His thesis was on the spatial distribution, kinetics and age of stars near the Sun...
. The combined catalogue is now commonly referred to as the Gliese-Jahreiß (GJ) catalog. This catalogue was published with two tables: Table 1 uses the designations GJ NNNN for entries numbered 1000-1294 for confirmed nearby stars; Table 2 uses the designations GJ NNNN for entries numbered 2001-2159 for suspected nearby stars. Since the publication of this catalogue all of the stars in the combined catalogue and succeeding supplements are designated by the preferred GJ prefix.
Gliese published the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars (CNS3) in 1991, again in collaboration with Hartmut Jahreiß
Hartmut Jahreiß
Hartmut Jahreiß is a German astronomer associated with Astronomisches Rechen-Institut specializing in the study of nearby stars.-Work:Hartmut Jahreiß obtained his Ph.D from the University of Heidelberg. His thesis was on the spatial distribution, kinetics and age of stars near the Sun...
; the list now containing information on more than 3,800 stars. Although this catalogue is designated as preliminary it is still the one in current use. This catalogue lists a total of 3,803 stars. Most of these stars already had GJ numbers, but there were also 1,388 stars which were not numbered. As no final version has been forthcoming, the need to give these 1,388 some name has resulted in them being numbered 3001–4388 (NN numbers, for "no name"), and data files of this catalogue now usually include these numbers. An example of a star which is often referred to by one of these unofficial GJ numbers is GJ 3021
GJ 3021
GJ 3021, formally cataloged as Gliese 3021, is a binary star system approximately 57 light-years away in the constellation of Hydrus ....
.
An updated, online-only version of the Catalogue of Nearby Stars made by Hartmut Jahreiß
Hartmut Jahreiß
Hartmut Jahreiß is a German astronomer associated with Astronomisches Rechen-Institut specializing in the study of nearby stars.-Work:Hartmut Jahreiß obtained his Ph.D from the University of Heidelberg. His thesis was on the spatial distribution, kinetics and age of stars near the Sun...
in 1998 is available from the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Heidelberg as ARICNS.
The releases of the different versions of this catalogue over the years also documents the progression of publication from the printed form of the earlier catalogues to publication in electronic form of the later catalogues, as is now the case with most other large catalogues.
Some stars are best known by the original catalogue number, such as Gliese 581
Gliese 581
Gliese 581 is a red dwarf star with spectral type M3V, located 20.3 light years away from Earth in the constellation Libra. Its estimated mass is about a third of that of the Sun, and it is the 89th closest known star system to the Sun. Observations suggest that the star has at least six planets:...
and Gliese 710
Gliese 710
Gliese 710 is a variable orange dwarf star in the constellation Serpens Cauda, with visual magnitude 9.66 and a mass of 0.4–0.6 solar masses....
. The Gliese catalogue stars are frequent targets of study due to their proximity to Earth
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...
.
Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars
- Gliese 1
- Gliese 16HD 1461HD 1461 is a G0V class star slightly more massive than the Sun , located about 76 light-years away in the constellation of Cetus.As of December 2009, HD 1461 is now the largest main sequence star with a possible Super-Earth around it....
- Gliese 33HD 4628HD 4628 is a main sequence dwarf star star in the constellation Pisces. It has a spectral classification of K2, giving it an orange-red hue and a slightly smaller mass and girth than our Sun. It lies at a distance of approximately 24 light years from us and has a relatively high proper motion...
- Gliese 65
- Gliese 67HD 10307HD 10307 is a star similar to the sun in mass, temperature and metal content, situated about 41 light-years from Earth in the constellation Andromeda...
- Gliese 75HR 511HR 511 is an orange dwarf of spectral type K0V in the constellation Cassiopeia. The star is relatively close, 32.5 light years from the Sun....
- Gliese 86Gliese 86Gliese 86 is a K-type dwarf star approximately 35 light-years away in the constellation of Eridanus. It has been confirmed that a white dwarf orbits the primary star...
- Gliese 105HR 753HR 753 is a triple star system in the constellation of Cetus. It is located relatively near the Sun at an estimated distance of less than 24 light years, but even the brightest component is too faint to see directly with the unaided eye...
- Gliese 229Gliese 229Gliese 229 is a red dwarf star about 19 light years away in the constellation Lepus. It has 58% of the mass of the Sun, 69% of the Sun's radius, and a very low projected rotation velocity of 1 km/s at the stellar equator.The star is known to be a low activity flare star, which means it...
- Gliese 250Gliese 250Gliese 250 is a binary star system with a relatively high proper motion. The primary star is a main sequence orange dwarf star, while the smaller companion is a red dwarf. The two stars are separated by 58 arcsecs, which, at the estimated distance, is equivalent to about 500 AUs.-External links:* *...
- Gliese 370
- Gliese 370 b, an extrasolar planet orbiting the orange star Gliese 370. As of August 25, 2011, it is considered to be the best candidate for habitability
- Gliese 436
- Gliese 436 bGliese 436 bGliese 436 b is a Neptune-sized extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 436. It was among the smallest known transiting planets in mass and radius until the much smaller Kepler discoveries started coming in 2010.-Discovery:...
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 436 - Gliese 436 c, a hypothesized extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 436 that is 5 times bigger than Earth
- Gliese 436 b
- Gliese 445AC+79 3888AC+79 3888 is an M-type main sequence star in the constellation of Camelopardalis, close to Polaris. It has no name other than its catalog designations. AC+79 3888 is currently 17.6 light-years from the Sun and has an apparent magnitude of 10.8...
- Gliese 541 - Arcturus
- Gliese 542HD 125072HD 125072 is K3-IV class star in the constellation Centaurus. The components of the space velocity for this star are U=−18.5, V=−6.9 and W=−26.9 km/s. Based on the composition and kinematics of this star, it has an estimated age of about 10 billion years....
- Gliese 570Gliese 570Gliese 570, also known as 33 G. Librae, is a ternary star system approximately 19 light-years away. The primary star is an orange dwarf star . The other secondary stars are themselves a binary system, two red dwarfs that orbit one another. A brown dwarf has been confirmed to be orbiting in the...
- Gliese 581Gliese 581Gliese 581 is a red dwarf star with spectral type M3V, located 20.3 light years away from Earth in the constellation Libra. Its estimated mass is about a third of that of the Sun, and it is the 89th closest known star system to the Sun. Observations suggest that the star has at least six planets:...
, a red dwarf star in the constellation LibraLibra (constellation)Libra is a constellation of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for weighing scales, and its symbol is . It is fairly faint, with no first magnitude stars, and lies between Virgo to the west and Scorpius to the east.-Notable features:]...
- Gliese 581 bGliese 581 bGliese 581 b or Gl 581 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Gliese 581. It is the first planet of six discovered in the system so far, and the second in order from the star.- Discovery :...
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581 - Gliese 581 cGliese 581 cGliese 581 c or Gl 581 c is a planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581. It is the second planet discovered in the system and the third in order from the star. With a mass at least 5.6 times that of the Earth, it is classified as a super-Earth...
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581 - Gliese 581 dGliese 581 dGliese 581 d or Gl 581 d is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Gliese 581 approximately 20 light-years away in the constellation of Libra. It is the third planet discovered in the system and the fifth in order from the star....
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581 - Gliese 581 eGliese 581 eGliese 581 e or Gl 581 e is an extrasolar planet found around Gliese 581, an M3V red dwarf star approximately 20.5 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Libra...
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581 - Gliese 581 gGliese 581 gGliese 581 g , also Gl 581 g or GJ 581 g, is a hypothesized extrasolar planet proven nonexistent by the Geneva Team, orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581, 20.5 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Libra. It is the sixth planet discovered in the Gliese 581 planetary system and the fourth...
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581 and the most earth-like goldilocks planet. - Gliese 581 fGliese 581 fGliese 581 f or Gl 581 f is an unconfirmed planet in the Gliese 581 system, located 20 light years from Earth. It is the fifth planet discovered in the system and the sixth known in order from the star. Its discovery was announced September 29, 2010...
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581
- Gliese 581 b
- Gliese 623Gliese 623Gliese 623 is a dim double star lying 25 light years from Earth. It was photographed by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope's Faint Object Camera in 1994. The binary system consists of two red dwarf stars orbiting each other at a distance of 1.9 astronomical units.-External links:*...
- Gliese 651HD 154345HD 154345 is a G-type dwarf star located in northern Hercules. It is not visible to the naked eye since this star is below +6.50 magnitude, but using binoculars it is an easy target.-Planetary system:...
- Gliese 651 bHD 154345 bHD 154345 b, is a Jupiter-sized extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 154345.-Discovery:Wright et al. discovered the planet in March 2006 using the radial velocity method to detect the small wobbling movement of the star caused by the gravity of the planet...
, an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Gliese 651
- Gliese 651 b
- Gliese 667Gliese 667Gliese 667 is a triple star system in the constellation of Scorpius. The star system lies at a distance of about 6.8 pc . There is a 12th magnitude star close to the other three, but it is not gravitationally bound to the system...
- Gliese 673Gliese 673Gliese 673 is an orange dwarf star in the constellation Ophiuchus. It has a stellar classification of K7V. Main sequence stars with this spectra have a mass in the range of 60-70% of solar mass .This star is relatively near our Sun at a distance of about 25 light years...
- Gliese 710Gliese 710Gliese 710 is a variable orange dwarf star in the constellation Serpens Cauda, with visual magnitude 9.66 and a mass of 0.4–0.6 solar masses....
, a red dwarf star in the constellation Serpens Cauda - Gliese 721 is VegaVegaVega is the brightest star in the constellation Lyra, the fifth brightest star in the night sky and the second brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus...
, one of the brightest stars in the sky - GJ 725Struve 2398Struve 2398 is a binary star system in the constellation Draco. Both stars are red dwarfs and both display variability common to flare stars...
- Gliese 747ABGliese 747ABGliese 747AB is a red dwarf star located in Lyra near 17 Lyrae . Also named 17 Lyrae C or Kuiper 90, it is a binary system with a period of 5 years, and a small angular separation .-Components:...
- Gliese 777Gliese 777Gliese 777, often abbreviated as Gl 777 or GJ 777, is a yellow subgiant approximately 52 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus. The system is also a binary star system made up of two stars and possibly a third...
- Gliese 777 Ab
- Gliese 777 Ac
- Gliese 783Gliese 783Gliese 783 is a binary star system in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is 19.87 light years from Earth, and it has an absolute magnitude of +5.32. In space, Gliese 783 is approaching the solar system at a velocity of approximately 140 kilometers per second. At this rate, it will be 6.7 light...
- Gliese 876Gliese 876Gliese 876 is a red dwarf star approximately 15 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. As of 2011, it has been confirmed that four extrasolar planets orbit the star...
- Gliese 876 bGliese 876 bGliese 876 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 876. It completes one orbit in approximately 61 days. Discovered in June 1998, Gliese 876 b was the first planet to be discovered orbiting a red dwarf star.- Discovery :...
- Gliese 876 cGliese 876 cGliese 876 c is an extrasolar planet orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 876, taking about 30 days to complete an orbit. The planet was discovered in April 2001 and is the second planet in order of increasing distance from its star.- Discovery :...
- Gliese 876 dGliese 876 dGliese 876 d is an extrasolar planet approximately 15 light-years away in the constellation of Aquarius . The planet was the third planet discovered orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 876. At the time of its discovery, the planet had the lowest mass of any known extrasolar planet apart from the...
- Gliese 876 eGliese 876 eGliese 876 e is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Gliese 876 in the constellation of Aquarius. It is in a 1:2:4 Laplace resonance with the planets Gliese 876 c and Gliese 876 b: for each orbit of planet e, planet b completes two orbits and planet c completes four...
- Gliese 876 b
- Gliese 884Gliese 884Gliese 884 is a K-type main sequence star in the constellation Aquarius. It has a relatively high proper motion and is located within 27 light years of the Sun....
- Gliese 892Gliese 892Gliese 892 is a main sequence star in the constellation of Cassiopeia. It is smaller and less luminous than our Sun, with a spectral class of K3V, which makes it an...
- Gliese 1214, a red dwarf star in the constellation OphiuchusOphiuchusOphiuchus is a large constellation located around the celestial equator. Its name is from the Greek "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping the snake that is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century...
- GJ 1214 b, a super-Earth
- Gliese 3021
See also
- List of nearest stars
- Star catalogue: Gl, GJ, Wo