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Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

 
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Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola
 
 
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Giacomo (or Jacopo) Barozzi (or Barocchio) da Vignola, often simply called Vignola (October 1 1507 - July 7, 1573) was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism
Mannerism

Mannerism is a Art periods of European art which emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when a more Baroque style began to replace it, but continued into the seventeenth century throughout much of Europe....
. His two great masterpieces are the Villa Farnese
Villa Farnese

File:Caprarola 001.jpgThe Villa Farnese, also known as Palazzo Farnese or Villa Caprarola, is a mansion in the town of Caprarola in the province of Viterbo, Northern Lazio, Italy, approximately 50 kilometres north-west of Rome....
 at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù
Church of the Gesu

The Church of the Ges? is the mother church of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order also known as the Jesuits. Officially named , its facade is "the first truly Baroque architecture fa?ade"....
 in Rome.






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Vignolafiveorders
Giacomo (or Jacopo) Barozzi (or Barocchio) da Vignola, often simply called Vignola (October 1 1507 - July 7, 1573) was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism
Mannerism

Mannerism is a Art periods of European art which emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when a more Baroque style began to replace it, but continued into the seventeenth century throughout much of Europe....
. His two great masterpieces are the Villa Farnese
Villa Farnese

File:Caprarola 001.jpgThe Villa Farnese, also known as Palazzo Farnese or Villa Caprarola, is a mansion in the town of Caprarola in the province of Viterbo, Northern Lazio, Italy, approximately 50 kilometres north-west of Rome....
 at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù
Church of the Gesu

The Church of the Ges? is the mother church of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order also known as the Jesuits. Officially named , its facade is "the first truly Baroque architecture fa?ade"....
 in Rome. The three writers who spread the Italian Renaissance style throughout Western Europe are Vignola, Serlio
Sebastiano Serlio

Sebastiano Serlio was an Italian Mannerist architect, who was part of the Italian team building the Ch?teau de Fontainebleau. Serlio helped canonize the classical orders of architecture in his influential treatise, "I sette libri dell'architettura" ....
 and Palladio
Andrea Palladio

Andrea Palladio , was a Republic of Venice architect, widely considered the most influential architect in the Architectural history. He was influenced by Roman and Greek architecture....
.

Biography

Giacomo Barozzi was born at Vignola
Vignola

Vignola is a city and a comune in the province of Modena , Italy.Its economy is based on the cultivation of fruit, but mechanical industries and services companies are present....
, near Modena
Modena

Modena is a city and a comune on the south side of the Padan Plain, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.An ancient town, it is the seat of an archbishop, but is now best known as "the capital of engines", since the factories of the famous Italian sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and...
 (Emilia-Romagna
Emilia-Romagna

Emilia-Romagna is an administrative Regions of Italy of Northern Italy comprising the two historic regions of Emilia and Romagna. The capital is Bologna; it has an area of 20,124 km? and about 4.3 million inhabitants....
).

He began his career as architect in Bologna
Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
, supporting himself by painting and making perspective templates for inlay
Inlay

Inlay is a decorative technique of inserting pieces of coloured materials into depressions in a base object to form patterns or pictures. Inlays commonly use wood veneer, but other materials like Animal shell and niello may also be used....
 craftsmen. He made a first trip to Rome in 1536 to make measured drawings of Roman temple
Roman temple

In the ancient religion of Roman paganism, practitioners often performed their worship at a temple....
s, with a thought to publish an illustrated Vitruvius
Vitruvius

File:Vitruvius.jpgMarcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Ancient Rome writer, architect and engineer , active in the 1st century BC. By his own description Vitruvius served as a Ballista , the third class of arms in the military offices....
. Then François I
Francis I of France

Francis I , was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547.Francis I is considered to be France's first Renaissance monarch....
 called him to Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau

Fontainebleau is a commune in France in the aire urbaine of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the Kilometre Zero. Fontainebleau is a sous-pr?fecture of the Seine-et-Marne d?partement in France, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Fontainebleau....
, where he spent the years 1541 1543. Here he probably met his fellow Bolognese, the architect Sebastiano Serlio
Sebastiano Serlio

Sebastiano Serlio was an Italian Mannerist architect, who was part of the Italian team building the Ch?teau de Fontainebleau. Serlio helped canonize the classical orders of architecture in his influential treatise, "I sette libri dell'architettura" ....
 and the painter Primaticcio.

After his return to Italy, he designed the Palazzo Bocchi in Bologna. Later he moved to Rome. Here he worked for Pope Julius III
Pope Julius III

Pope Julius III , born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from February 7, 1550 to 1555....
 and, after the latter's death, he was taken up by the papal family of the Farnese
Farnese

The Farnese family was an influential family in Renaissance Italy.Its most important members include Pope Paul III and the Duke of Parma of Parma....
 and worked with Michelangelo
Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance Painting, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer....
, who deeply influenced his style (see Works
Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, often simply called Vignola was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism....
 section for details of his works in this period).

From 1564 Vignola carried on Michangelo's work at St Peter's Basilica, and constructed the two subordinate domes according to Michelangelo's plans.

Giacomo Barozzi died in Rome in 1573. In 1973 his remains were reburied in the Pantheon, Rome
Pantheon, Rome

The Pantheon is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome, and rebuilt circa 126 AD during Hadrian's reign....
.

It is unknown who he was married to and who his children were, but his living descendents currently live in America under the shortened last name of Rozzi.

Works

Vignola's main works include:

  • Villa Giulia
    Villa Giulia

    This page describes the building. For the museum itself see National Etruscan Museum.The Villa Giulia is a villa in Rome, Italy. It was built by Pope Julius III in 1550?1555 on what was then the edge of the city....
     for Pope Julius III
    Pope Julius III

    Pope Julius III , born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from February 7, 1550 to 1555....
    , in Rome (1550-1553). Here Vignola was working with Ammanati
    Bartolomeo Ammanati

    Bartolomeo Ammanati was a Florentine architect and Sculpture....
    , who designed the nymphaeum
    Nymphaeum

    A nymphaeum, in ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, was a monument consecrated to the nymphs, especially those of Spring . These monuments were originally natural grottoes, which tradition assigned as habitations to the local nymphs....
     and other garden features under the general direction of Vasari, with guidance from the knowledgable pope and Michelangelo
    Michelangelo

    Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance Painting, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer....
    . A medal of 1553 shows Vignola's main villa substantially as it was completed, save for a pair of cupolas.
  • Villa Farnese
    Villa Farnese

    File:Caprarola 001.jpgThe Villa Farnese, also known as Palazzo Farnese or Villa Caprarola, is a mansion in the town of Caprarola in the province of Viterbo, Northern Lazio, Italy, approximately 50 kilometres north-west of Rome....
     at Caprarola (1559-1573);
  • Villa Lante
    Villa Lante

    Villa Lante at Bagnaia near Viterbo, attributed to Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola is, with Bomarzo, one of the most famous Italian 16th century Mannerism of surprises....
     at Bagnaia (1566 onwards), including the gardens and their water features and casini;
  • Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, the mother church of the Jesuit order, which would become a source for Baroque
    Baroque

    In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
     church facades in the 17th century;
  • Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli
    Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli

    The Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli is a church situated in the plain at the foot of the hill of Assisi, Italy, in the frazione of Santa Maria degli Angeli ....
    , Assisi
    Assisi

    Assisi , is a town in Italy in province of Perugia, Italy, in the Umbria Regions of Italy, on the western flank of Monte Subasio. It is the birthplace of St Francis of Assisi, who founded the Franciscan religious order in the town in 1208, and Clare of Assisi , the founder of the Poor Clares....
     (with Galeazzo Alessi
    Galeazzo Alessi

    Galeazzo Alessi was an Italian architect from Perugia, known throughout Europe for his distinctive style based on his enthusiasm for ancient architecture....
    );
  • Church of Sant'Andrea in Via Flaminia, Rome, the first church to have an oval dome
    Dome

    A dome is a structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. Dome structures made of various materials have a long architectural lineage extending into prehistory....
    , which became a signature of the Baroque
    Baroque

    In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
    .


Like many other architects, Vignola submitted his plans for completing the facade of San Petronio, Bologna. Designs by Vignola, in company with Baldassare Peruzzi
Baldassare Peruzzi

Baldassare Tommaso Peruzzi was an Italian architect and Painting, born in a small town near Siena and died in Rome. He worked for many years, beginning in 1520, under Bramante, Raphael, and later Antonio da Sangallo the Younger during the erection of the new St....
, Giulio Romano
Giulio Romano

Giulio Romano was an Italy Painting and Architecture. A prominent pupil of Raffaello Santi, his stylistic deviations from high Renaissance classicism help define the 16th-century style known as Mannerism....
, Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio

Andrea Palladio , was a Republic of Venice architect, widely considered the most influential architect in the Architectural history. He was influenced by Roman and Greek architecture....
 and others furnished material for an exhibition in 2001 .

His two published books helped formulate the canons of classical architectural style: Regole delli cinque ordini d'architettura "Rules of the five orders of architecture," (first published without a place given but probably in Rome, 1562) and the posthumously-published Due regole della prospettiva pratica ("Two rules of practical perspective", Bologna 1583), which favour one-point perspective rather than two point methods such as the bifocal construction. Vignola presented— without theoretical obscurities— practical applications that could be understood by a prospective patron....

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