German Peruvian
Encyclopedia
A German Peruvian is a Peru
vian citizen of German descent. In generally, the term is also applied to descents of other German
speaking immigrants, such as Austrians or Swiss. The phrase may refer to someone born in Peru
of Austrian, German or Swiss descent or to someone who has immigrated to Peru from German speaking countries.
on a small scale. The first wave of immigration occurred in 1853, organized by then-president Ramon Castilla
. These immigrants established themselves in the cities of Tingo Maria
, Tarapoto
, Moyobamba
, and in the department of Amazonas
. Barón Cosme Damián Freiherr Schutz von Holzhausen, the leader of the immigration movement, consulted with the then Peruvian Minister of Foreign Relations, Manuel Tirado. The meeting's purpose was to colonize the central jungle to better link the Pacific
and Atlantic
coasts. The colonists would end up colonizing Pozuzo
. In 1854, the first immigration contract was signed between the Baron and then-president José Rufino Echenique
. The next year, in 1855, this contract was nullified as Echenique had been ousted and Ramon Castilla
had assumed the presidency again. The Baron signed a new contract with the new president on December 6, 1855. According to the contract each colonist would be reimbursed by the government for the cost of the voyage from Europe to Pozuzo, the construction of a new highway from Cerro de Pasco
to Pozuzo
, each colonist 15 years old or older would receive 15 pesos, the distribution of 140 square miles (362.6 km²) land between the colonists of which they would have legal ownership, exemption for the first six months of taxes, and the responsibility to build schools, churches, and other basic needs. The government, however, required that the colonists be Catholic
and workers skilled at a trade. To make this project possible the Baron was hired by the Peruvian government
to oversee the colonization, paying him a salary of 2,400 pesos annually. The first wave of colonists departed Antwerp in 1857 and arrived in the Peru
vian port of Callao
two months later. The third wave of immigrants to the jungle occurred in 1868, taking the same route as the second wave of immigrants did. In later years, the descendants of the German immigrants would go on to found new cities throughout the central jungle such as Oxapampa
and Villa Rica
.
Throughout the history of Peru
, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, a substantial number of German immigrants have settled in other parts of Peru
, primarily in Lima
. Also, many of these German immigrants have Jewish heritage. A large part of Jewish Peruvians are of German descent.
The Peruvian population of German descent is 160,000 people, while the descendants of Austro-German migration to the area of Oxpampa Pozuzo are 25,000 people.
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
vian citizen of German descent. In generally, the term is also applied to descents of other German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
speaking immigrants, such as Austrians or Swiss. The phrase may refer to someone born in Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
of Austrian, German or Swiss descent or to someone who has immigrated to Peru from German speaking countries.
History
Since independence Germans had been immigrating to LimaLima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
on a small scale. The first wave of immigration occurred in 1853, organized by then-president Ramon Castilla
Ramón Castilla
Ramón Castilla y Marquesado was a Peruvian caudillo and President of Peru four times. His earliest prominent appearance in Peruvian history began with his participation in a commanding role of the army of the Libertadores that helped Peru become an independent nation...
. These immigrants established themselves in the cities of Tingo Maria
Tingo Maria
Tingo María is the capital of Leoncio Prado Province in the Huánuco Region in central Peru. It has an urban population of around 55,000 ....
, Tarapoto
Tarapoto
Tarapoto, known as the "City of Palms", is a thriving commercial hub in northern Peru, an hour by plane from Lima, situated in the San Martín Province of the San Martín Region, located in the high jungle plateau to the east of what is known as the selva baja...
, Moyobamba
Moyobamba
Moyobamba is the capital city of the San Martín Region in northern Peru. Called "Santiago of eight valleys of Moyobamba" or "Maynas capital". There are 70,000 inhabitants, according to the 2009 census. Some 3,500 species of orchids are native to the area, which has led to the city's nickname of...
, and in the department of Amazonas
Amazonas Region
Amazonas is a department of northern Peru bordered by Ecuador on the north and west, Cajamarca Department on the west, La Libertad Department on the south, and Loreto Department and San Martín Department on the east. Its capital is the city of Chachapoyas....
. Barón Cosme Damián Freiherr Schutz von Holzhausen, the leader of the immigration movement, consulted with the then Peruvian Minister of Foreign Relations, Manuel Tirado. The meeting's purpose was to colonize the central jungle to better link the Pacific
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
and Atlantic
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
coasts. The colonists would end up colonizing Pozuzo
Pozuzo District
Pozuzo District is one of seven districts of the province Oxapampa in Peru.-References:...
. In 1854, the first immigration contract was signed between the Baron and then-president José Rufino Echenique
José Rufino Echenique
José Rufino Echenique Benavente was President of Peru in 1851.He participated in the Peruvian War of Independence. In 1851, Echenique won the presidential elections to succeed Ramón Castilla. Under his government, the first civil laws of Peru were promulgated...
. The next year, in 1855, this contract was nullified as Echenique had been ousted and Ramon Castilla
Ramón Castilla
Ramón Castilla y Marquesado was a Peruvian caudillo and President of Peru four times. His earliest prominent appearance in Peruvian history began with his participation in a commanding role of the army of the Libertadores that helped Peru become an independent nation...
had assumed the presidency again. The Baron signed a new contract with the new president on December 6, 1855. According to the contract each colonist would be reimbursed by the government for the cost of the voyage from Europe to Pozuzo, the construction of a new highway from Cerro de Pasco
Cerro de Pasco
Cerro de Pasco is a city in central Peru. It is the capital of the Pasco region, and an important mining center. It is connected by road and by rail to the city of Lima.- Overview :...
to Pozuzo
Pozuzo District
Pozuzo District is one of seven districts of the province Oxapampa in Peru.-References:...
, each colonist 15 years old or older would receive 15 pesos, the distribution of 140 square miles (362.6 km²) land between the colonists of which they would have legal ownership, exemption for the first six months of taxes, and the responsibility to build schools, churches, and other basic needs. The government, however, required that the colonists be Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
and workers skilled at a trade. To make this project possible the Baron was hired by the Peruvian government
Government of Peru
Peru is a presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. Under the current constitution, the President is the head of state and government; he or she is elected for five years and cannot seek immediate re-election, he or she must stand down for at least one full...
to oversee the colonization, paying him a salary of 2,400 pesos annually. The first wave of colonists departed Antwerp in 1857 and arrived in the Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
vian port of Callao
Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
two months later. The third wave of immigrants to the jungle occurred in 1868, taking the same route as the second wave of immigrants did. In later years, the descendants of the German immigrants would go on to found new cities throughout the central jungle such as Oxapampa
Oxapampa
Oxapampa is a town in Peru, on the eastern side of the department of the Pasco Region. A ranching and coffee centre, it was founded by German settlers in the 19th century....
and Villa Rica
Villa Rica District
Villa Rica District is one of seven districts of the province Oxapampa in Peru.-References:...
.
Throughout the history of Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, a substantial number of German immigrants have settled in other parts of Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
, primarily in Lima
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
. Also, many of these German immigrants have Jewish heritage. A large part of Jewish Peruvians are of German descent.
The Peruvian population of German descent is 160,000 people, while the descendants of Austro-German migration to the area of Oxpampa Pozuzo are 25,000 people.
Notable Peruvian-Germans
- Efrain GoldenbergEfrain GoldenbergEfraín Goldenberg Schreiber, or "Efraím," served as Peru's finance minister, foreign relations minister, and prime minister in the 1990s.-Early life:Efraín Goldenberg was born on December 29, 1929, in Lima, Peru, to Russian Jewish immigrants to Peru...
- Moritz HochschildMoritz HochschildDr. Moritz Hochschild was one of the most famous men in the mining industry in the first half of the twentieth century and was, along with Simón Iturri Patiño and Carlos Victor Aramayo, one of the three Bolivian tin barons.-Career:Hochschild was a German agnostic Jew whose family had already been...
- Liesel HollerLiesel HollerLiesel Holler Sotomayor from Peru was the winner of the national beauty pageant Miss Perú 2004.As the national beauty queen, she was given the right to compete at the Miss Universe 2004 pageant in Quito, Ecuador....
- Federico KauffmannFederico Kauffmann Doig-Early life:Kauffmann Doig was born in Chiclayo, but his childhood and infancy passed in small localities of Cajamarca and Amazonas, particularly in Cocochillo on the margin right hand of the River Marañon...
- Jorge KoechlinJorge KoechlinJorge Koechlin von Stein is a Peruvian former racing driver and magazine publisher from Huacho.Koechlin began racing professionally in European Formula Renault in 1975 in a works Lola run by Mader Racing out of Switzerland, then made starts in various Formula Three series in 1977 with little success...
- María Julia Mantilla MayerMaria Julia Mantilla MayerMaria Julia Mantilla Mayer was Miss Peru 1969 and semi-finalist in the Miss Universe pageant that year. She was the aunt of María Julia "Maju" Mantilla, Miss World 2004.-References:*...
- Edith NoedingEdith NoedingEdith Noeding is a retired female track and field athlete from Peru, who competed in the hurdles event during her career. She won the gold medal at the 1975 Pan American Games in the women's 100 metres hurdles event. There Noeding set her personal best in the women's 100 metres hurdles event on...
- Barton ZwiebachBarton ZwiebachBarton Zwiebach is a string theorist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, born in Lima, Perú. His undergraduate work was in Electrical Engineering at the Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería in Peru, from which he graduated in 1977.His graduate work was in physics at the...
German Peruvian institutions and associations
- Instituto Superior Tecnologico Privado Peruano
- Colegio Peruano Alemán - Alexander von Humboldt
- Colegio Waldorf Lima
- Asociación Peruano Alemán Leopoldo Krause
- Colegio Peruano Alemán "Beata Imelda"
- Instituto Cultural Peruano Aleman
- Colegio Peruano-Alemán "Max Uhle"
- Colegio Peruano Alemán Augusto Weberbauer
- Club Peruano Aleman
- CAPA - Centro de Amistad Peruano Alemán
- Cámara de Comercio e Industria Peruano-Alemana
- Archivo de la Inmigración Alemana en el Perú
- Asociación Cultural Johannes Gutenberg
- Asociación Médica Peruana-Alemán
- Beneficencia peruano-alemana / Deutsch-peruanischer Hilfsverein
- Centro Mallqui
- Fundación Brandt
- Humboldt Club del Perú
- Instituto Cultural Peruano Alemán de Arequipa
- Cultural Acupari
- Agro Acción Alemana / Deutsche Welthungerhilfe (DWHH)
- Comisión Brandt
- Instituto Goethe