George T. Heery
Encyclopedia
George T. Heery, FAIA RIBA FCMAA (born June 18, 1927) is an American
architect
and known for developing the concepts of Construction Program Management, Strategic Facilities Planning and the Bridging Method of project delivery.
, Heery served in the Pacific arena in the U.S. Navy in the later years of World War II, entering college upon an honorable discharge in 1946. He graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology
in 1951, with a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Architecture. Later he completed the Advanced Management Program at the Harvard Business School.
, with Wilmer Heery continuing to practice in Athens, Georgia, and George leading the Atlanta office. George Heery, along with other notable architects such as Joe Amisano, John Portman, Tom Ventulett and Jerome Cooper was considered to be among the first generation of modern architects in post war Georgia.
By the late 1960s Heery & Heery had established a reputation of delivering projects under intensely short schedules. In Marietta, Georgia, the company designed and built a 54000 square feet (5,016.8 m²) production plant for the C-5 Galaxy
transport aircraft for Lockheed
Aircraft Corporation in only 160 days, a full three weeks ahead of schedule. More often than not these "double-quick" projects were industrial facilities, prompting criticisms that much of the firm's work lacked architectural character. Manufacturing clients like Lockheed were more concerned about meeting schedules.
In 1968 Heery & Heery was ranked as the first or second largest architectural firm in Atlanta, Georgia, and among the top five largest in the southern United States.
and Heery was Chairman, CEO and the largest shareholder of the largest program management, architectural and engineering firm in the Southeast with over 500 employees. Over a 17 year span, from the mid 1960s to the early 1980s, Heery oversaw an expansion the firm's vision and capabilities.
Milestones of that expansion include:
. Heery was required by the sale to continue as CEO until March 1989. At the time Engineering News Record ranked the firm as 19th largest among U.S. firms providing architectural, engineering and construction management services and the largest headquartered in the Southeastern US.
, Spelman College, Morehouse College, the Georgia Institute of Technology, The University Financing Foundation, California Polytechnic State University, the University of California at Irvine, the University of Toledo, the University of West Virginia, the University of South Carolina at Spartanburg, Milliken and Co., AFLAC, The Coca-Cola Company, Oschner Clinic Foundation, Chemical Bank, Scientific-Atlanta, City of Nashville (Arena), Turner Broadcasting, Intermet Corporation and The Wakefield, the development project of the shareholders of the firm.
While heading Heery International, George Heery was responsible for many significant design projects in Atlanta, Georgia, including The Coca-Cola Company Central Reception Building, the Coke USA building and a major expansion of the corporate campus; the Georgia Power Headquarters; the First Union Bank Tower at 999 Peachtree Street; the Fuqua Conservatory; and the American Cancer Society Headquarters. In New York, Heery oversaw Heery's design of pedestrian level renovations and entrances for Rockefeller Center. In London, he was responsible for Citibank's U.K. Headquarters expansion, for the Salomon Brothers Trading Room above Victoria Station and for the winning design of the proposed 2500000 square feet (232,257.6 m²) North Quay at the London Docklands development project. In Florida, Heery was responsible for the Walt Disney World Village (now known as Downtown Disney
) and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon
at Orlando.
Design, planning and design consulting projects that he has overseen at Brookwood include the new Georgia Tech campus at Savannah, the Northern European Headquarters for the Coca-Cola Company in Brussels, Belgium, the Entertainment Channel’s large campus for Turner Broadcasting in Atlanta, Grande Stade World Cup Stadium for the government of France, St. Denis, The Wakefield, a luxury high-rise co-op in Atlanta, student housing for Morehouse College, Atlanta, a manufacturing plant for Cisco Systems, Juarez, Mexico, a nationwide branch conversion for Bank of America, and a marketing center and manufacturing plant for Milliken & Co., Yonezawa, Japan.
and Design-Bid-Build
methods while eliminating the major disadvantages of those methods, three of which were identified as: an increasing dependence on specialty subcontractors for knowledge on costing (meaning that architects and engineers no longer had the "best" knowledge on costing), the fallacy that construction contract documents will always be free of errors, and an increase in litigation based on disputes.
Contractors suggest that the common use of the term Bridging has changed from Heery's original intent and that today it is only meant as a reference to the design criteria used for design-build competitions and is not widely accepted as a project delivery method.
Heery is the Chairman of the Advisory Committee in connection with the creation of a new Master of Science degree offering in Construction Program Management for the Georgia Institute of Technology.
: New York, 1975.
In 2009 he authored, "Bridging - The Bridging Method of Construction Project Delivery".
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
and known for developing the concepts of Construction Program Management, Strategic Facilities Planning and the Bridging Method of project delivery.
Early life and education
Born in Athens, GeorgiaAthens, Georgia
Athens-Clarke County is a consolidated city–county in U.S. state of Georgia, in the northeastern part of the state, comprising the former City of Athens proper and Clarke County. The University of Georgia is located in this college town and is responsible for the initial growth of the city...
, Heery served in the Pacific arena in the U.S. Navy in the later years of World War II, entering college upon an honorable discharge in 1946. He graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology
Georgia Institute of Technology
The Georgia Institute of Technology is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States...
in 1951, with a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Architecture. Later he completed the Advanced Management Program at the Harvard Business School.
Heery and Heery
In 1952, George Heery entered private practice by joining with his architect father, C. Wilmer Heery, Jr., who had an established firm in Athens, Georgia. Together, George and his father formed Heery and HeeryHeery International
Heery International, Inc. is an architectural firm that was founded in 1952 by George T. Heery and his father C. Wilmer Heery, Jr., and is currently headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia...
, with Wilmer Heery continuing to practice in Athens, Georgia, and George leading the Atlanta office. George Heery, along with other notable architects such as Joe Amisano, John Portman, Tom Ventulett and Jerome Cooper was considered to be among the first generation of modern architects in post war Georgia.
By the late 1960s Heery & Heery had established a reputation of delivering projects under intensely short schedules. In Marietta, Georgia, the company designed and built a 54000 square feet (5,016.8 m²) production plant for the C-5 Galaxy
C-5 Galaxy
The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is a large military transport aircraft built by Lockheed. It provides the United States Air Force with a heavy intercontinental-range strategic airlift capability, one that can carry outsize and oversize cargos, including all air-certifiable cargo. The Galaxy has many...
transport aircraft for Lockheed
Lockheed Corporation
The Lockheed Corporation was an American aerospace company. Lockheed was founded in 1912 and later merged with Martin Marietta to form Lockheed Martin in 1995.-Origins:...
Aircraft Corporation in only 160 days, a full three weeks ahead of schedule. More often than not these "double-quick" projects were industrial facilities, prompting criticisms that much of the firm's work lacked architectural character. Manufacturing clients like Lockheed were more concerned about meeting schedules.
In 1968 Heery & Heery was ranked as the first or second largest architectural firm in Atlanta, Georgia, and among the top five largest in the southern United States.
Construction Program Management
During the late 1950s, Heery developed a set of combined architectural, engineering and project management procedures for greatly accelerating design and construction for industrial projects. During the mid-1960s, Heery and a small group of other professionals, including Louis N. Vic Maloof, FAIA, RIBA, FCMAA and Chuck Thomsen, FAIA, FCMAA, developed the concept of Construction Program Management for the purpose of controlling time and cost on behalf of the owner in construction programs.Heery International
By the 1980s the firm had grown and changed names to Heery InternationalHeery International
Heery International, Inc. is an architectural firm that was founded in 1952 by George T. Heery and his father C. Wilmer Heery, Jr., and is currently headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia...
and Heery was Chairman, CEO and the largest shareholder of the largest program management, architectural and engineering firm in the Southeast with over 500 employees. Over a 17 year span, from the mid 1960s to the early 1980s, Heery oversaw an expansion the firm's vision and capabilities.
Milestones of that expansion include:
- 1965: The firm, in association with the architectural firm of Finch, Alexander, Barnes, Rothschild, and Pascal (FABRAP), designed and managed the construction of the Atlanta-Fulton County StadiumAtlanta-Fulton County StadiumAtlanta-Fulton County Stadium, often shortened to "Fulton County Stadium," was a multi-purpose stadium that formerly stood in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.-History:...
in less than one year. Later the association became known as Heery-FABRAP, which carried out the design and construction management for over 100 major stadiums and arenas, as well as the Central Station for Atlanta’s MARTA system. - 1966: The purchase of an interior design firm that became Heery Interiors.
- 1967: The formation of Heery Program Management providing construction program management services.
- 1969: Heery Graphics is formed.
- 1970: The acquisition of the mechanical engineering firm of J. W. Austin, which when added to the firm’s existing in-house electrical and structural engineering departments, became Heery Engineering.
- 1974: George Heery authored Time, Cost, and Architecture which Engineering News Record Magazine cited as “The first definitive work on construction management”.
- 1976: Heery opens offices in London and Frankfurt in addition to offices already existing in Baltimore, San Diego, Los Angeles, New York and Amman, Jordan.
- 1978: Heery Energy Consultants is formed.
- 1982: Heery Land Planning is formed to provide civil engineering and landscape architecture
Notable Alumni of Heery
Many of Heery's employees went on to become leaders in the architecture and construction industry.Sale of Heery International
In 1986, George Heery and the other shareholders at Heery International sold the company to British Insulated Callender's Cables (BICC), a publicly traded British Company, later known as Balfour BeattyBalfour Beatty
Balfour Beatty plc is a British construction, engineering, military housing, rail and investment services company. It is one of the largest construction companies in the UK, and the 15th largest in the world...
. Heery was required by the sale to continue as CEO until March 1989. At the time Engineering News Record ranked the firm as 19th largest among U.S. firms providing architectural, engineering and construction management services and the largest headquartered in the Southeastern US.
Satulah Group
In 1989, George Heery co-founded Satulah Group with his two older children, Shepherd Heery and Laura Heery. The firm included four business units: corporate real estate project management outsourcing; Brookwood Design Group, a design practice committed to the Bridging method and planning; an information technologies unit based around a small software development group in support of corporate real estate functions; and one real estate development activity largely devoted to project management for converting banking facilities after bank mergers and acquisitions.Brookwood Group
On January 1, 1998, Satulah Group sold its corporate real estate project management outsourcing business units to LaSalle Partners of Chicago, now Jones Lang LaSalle, and changed its name to Brookwood Group, retaining the Development Management and Architectural and Planning services group.Significant projects
Heery has served as Principal-in-Charge for a number of significant projects and/or consulting assignments at Brookwood including planning and management assignments for Georgia State University, Emory UniversityEmory University
Emory University is a private research university in metropolitan Atlanta, located in the Druid Hills section of unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. The university was founded as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia by a small group of Methodists and was named in honor of...
, Spelman College, Morehouse College, the Georgia Institute of Technology, The University Financing Foundation, California Polytechnic State University, the University of California at Irvine, the University of Toledo, the University of West Virginia, the University of South Carolina at Spartanburg, Milliken and Co., AFLAC, The Coca-Cola Company, Oschner Clinic Foundation, Chemical Bank, Scientific-Atlanta, City of Nashville (Arena), Turner Broadcasting, Intermet Corporation and The Wakefield, the development project of the shareholders of the firm.
While heading Heery International, George Heery was responsible for many significant design projects in Atlanta, Georgia, including The Coca-Cola Company Central Reception Building, the Coke USA building and a major expansion of the corporate campus; the Georgia Power Headquarters; the First Union Bank Tower at 999 Peachtree Street; the Fuqua Conservatory; and the American Cancer Society Headquarters. In New York, Heery oversaw Heery's design of pedestrian level renovations and entrances for Rockefeller Center. In London, he was responsible for Citibank's U.K. Headquarters expansion, for the Salomon Brothers Trading Room above Victoria Station and for the winning design of the proposed 2500000 square feet (232,257.6 m²) North Quay at the London Docklands development project. In Florida, Heery was responsible for the Walt Disney World Village (now known as Downtown Disney
Downtown Disney (Florida)
Downtown Disney is an outdoor shopping, dining, and entertainment complex located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Downtown Disney is open to the public, requires no admission fee, and offers complimentary parking and transportation to all Disney-operated Walt Disney...
) and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon
Disney's Typhoon Lagoon
Typhoon Lagoon is a water park located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States.The park, which opened on June 1, 1989, is home to the world's largest outdoor wave pool. The theme of the park is the "Disney legend" of a typhoon that wreaked havoc upon a formerly...
at Orlando.
Design, planning and design consulting projects that he has overseen at Brookwood include the new Georgia Tech campus at Savannah, the Northern European Headquarters for the Coca-Cola Company in Brussels, Belgium, the Entertainment Channel’s large campus for Turner Broadcasting in Atlanta, Grande Stade World Cup Stadium for the government of France, St. Denis, The Wakefield, a luxury high-rise co-op in Atlanta, student housing for Morehouse College, Atlanta, a manufacturing plant for Cisco Systems, Juarez, Mexico, a nationwide branch conversion for Bank of America, and a marketing center and manufacturing plant for Milliken & Co., Yonezawa, Japan.
The Bridging Method
In the early 1980s Heery began developing a new method of project delivery, believing there was a way to retain what he considered the strengths of the traditional Design-BuildDesign-Build
Design-build is a project delivery system used in the construction industry. It is a method to deliver a project in which the design and construction services are contracted by a single entity known as the design–builder or design–build contractor...
and Design-Bid-Build
Design-Bid-Build
Design–bid–build , also known as Design–tender and traditional method, is a project delivery method in which the agency or owner contracts with separate entities for each the design and construction of a project.Design–bid–build is the traditional method for project...
methods while eliminating the major disadvantages of those methods, three of which were identified as: an increasing dependence on specialty subcontractors for knowledge on costing (meaning that architects and engineers no longer had the "best" knowledge on costing), the fallacy that construction contract documents will always be free of errors, and an increase in litigation based on disputes.
The Bridging Method
In a 1993 article in "The Military Engineer" Heery asserted that the primary benefit of this new form of project delivery would be that, by rearranging the roles of architects, engineers and general contractors, it would be possible to provide an owner with a known, lump-sum fixed full construction price at a point in the design and construction sequence approximately midway through the design phases and with the owner having only about half of the design cost at risk while reducing the owner’s exposure to contractor-initiated change orders and claims.Criticism of Bridging
Critics in the Construction industry contend that Bridging creates an adversarial relationship between an owner and a contractor due to Bridging's sole focus on low costs and fixed price, eliminating a climate which promotes collaboration between the client and the service provider. The non-relational nature of Bridging can make it a less effective delivery method in an "overheated" construction market, and during those periods of hyperactive growth when contractors, architects and engineers have the ability to pick and choose projects they typically tend to select procedures and methods which move risk away from themselves and onto the owner.Contractors suggest that the common use of the term Bridging has changed from Heery's original intent and that today it is only meant as a reference to the design criteria used for design-build competitions and is not widely accepted as a project delivery method.
Affiliations
- Fellow of the American Institute of ArchitectsAmerican Institute of ArchitectsThe American Institute of Architects is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image...
- Member of the Royal Institute of British ArchitectsRoyal Institute of British ArchitectsThe Royal Institute of British Architects is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally.-History:...
- Fellow of the Construction Management Association of America
- Member of the National Academy of Construction.
Heery is the Chairman of the Advisory Committee in connection with the creation of a new Master of Science degree offering in Construction Program Management for the Georgia Institute of Technology.
Books
Heery is the author of Time, Cost and Architecture, McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., is a publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, education, publishing, broadcasting, and business services...
: New York, 1975.
In 2009 he authored, "Bridging - The Bridging Method of Construction Project Delivery".
External links
- Brookwood Group (1989–Present)
- Heery International (1950s to 1989)