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George Ellery Hale (June 29 1868 – February 21 1938) was an American solar
Sun

The Sun , a G V star, is the star at the center of the Solar System. The Earth and other matter orbit the Sun, which by itself accounts for about 98.6% of the Solar System's mass....
 astronomer
Astronomer

An astronomer is a scientist who studies Celestial body such as planets, stars, and Galaxy.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws....
, born in Chicago. He was educated at MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private university research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States....
, at the Observatory of Harvard College, (1889-90), and at Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin

The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities....
 (1893-94). As an undergraduate at MIT, he invented the spectroheliograph
Spectroheliograph

The spectroheliograph is an instrument used in astronomy. It captures a photography image of the Sun at a single wavelength of light, a monochromatic image....
, with which he made his discoveries of the solar vortices and magnetic fields of sun spot
Sun SPOT

Sun SPOT is a Wireless sensor network mote developed by Sun Microsystems. The device is built upon the Zigbee standard. Unlike other available mote systems, the Sun SPOT is built on the Squawk virtual machine Java Virtual Machine....
s.

In 1890 he was appointed director of the Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory
Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory

The Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory was the personal observatory of George Ellery Hale, constructed by his father, William E. Hale, in 1890 at the family home in the Kenwood section of Chicago....
; he was professor of Astrophysics
Astrophysics

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of astronomical objects such as galaxy, stars, planets, exoplanets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions....
 at Beloit College
Beloit College

Beloit College is a private coeducational liberal arts college in Beloit, Wisconsin, USA, and a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest.Its current president is H....
 (1891-93; associate professor at the University of Chicago
University of Chicago

The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park, Chicago neighborhood of Chicago. Although an older university by the same name existed prior to its founding, the modern University of Chicago credits its founding to the oil magnate John D....
 until 1897, and full professor (1897-1905).






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George Ellery Hale (June 29 1868 – February 21 1938) was an American solar
Sun

The Sun , a G V star, is the star at the center of the Solar System. The Earth and other matter orbit the Sun, which by itself accounts for about 98.6% of the Solar System's mass....
 astronomer
Astronomer

An astronomer is a scientist who studies Celestial body such as planets, stars, and Galaxy.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws....
, born in Chicago. He was educated at MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private university research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States....
, at the Observatory of Harvard College, (1889-90), and at Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin

The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities....
 (1893-94). As an undergraduate at MIT, he invented the spectroheliograph
Spectroheliograph

The spectroheliograph is an instrument used in astronomy. It captures a photography image of the Sun at a single wavelength of light, a monochromatic image....
, with which he made his discoveries of the solar vortices and magnetic fields of sun spot
Sun SPOT

Sun SPOT is a Wireless sensor network mote developed by Sun Microsystems. The device is built upon the Zigbee standard. Unlike other available mote systems, the Sun SPOT is built on the Squawk virtual machine Java Virtual Machine....
s.

In 1890 he was appointed director of the Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory
Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory

The Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory was the personal observatory of George Ellery Hale, constructed by his father, William E. Hale, in 1890 at the family home in the Kenwood section of Chicago....
; he was professor of Astrophysics
Astrophysics

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of astronomical objects such as galaxy, stars, planets, exoplanets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions....
 at Beloit College
Beloit College

Beloit College is a private coeducational liberal arts college in Beloit, Wisconsin, USA, and a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest.Its current president is H....
 (1891-93; associate professor at the University of Chicago
University of Chicago

The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park, Chicago neighborhood of Chicago. Although an older university by the same name existed prior to its founding, the modern University of Chicago credits its founding to the oil magnate John D....
 until 1897, and full professor (1897-1905). He was coeditor of Astronomy and Astrophysics in 1892-95 and after 1895 editor of the Astrophysical Journal.

Hale was a driven individual who worked to found a number of significant astronomical observatories, including Yerkes Observatory
Yerkes Observatory

Yerkes Observatory, which calls itself "the birthplace of modern astrophysics,", is an Observatory#Astronomical_observatories operated by the University of Chicago in Williams Bay, Wisconsin....
, Mount Wilson Observatory
Mount Wilson Observatory

The Mount Wilson Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California. The MWO is located on Mount Wilson , a 5,715 foot peak in the San Gabriel Mountains near Pasadena, California, northeast of Los Angeles....
, Palomar Observatory
Palomar Observatory

Palomar Observatory is a privately owned observatory located in San Diego County, California, 90 miles southeast of Mount Wilson Observatory, on Palomar Mountain in the Palomar Mountain Range....
, and the Hale Solar Laboratory
Hale Solar Laboratory

The Hale Solar Laboratory was the laboratory of George Ellery Hale.It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989.It is located at 740 Holladay Drive, Pasadena, California....
. At Mount Wilson, he hired and encouraged Harlow Shapley
Harlow Shapley

Harlow Shapley was an United States astronomer....
 and Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble

Edwin Powell Hubble was an United States Astronomy. He profoundly changed astronomers' understanding of the nature of the universe by demonstrating the existence of other galaxies besides the Milky Way....
 toward some of the most significant discoveries of the time. He was a prolific organizer who helped create a number of astronomical institutions, societies and journals. Hale also played a central role in developing the California Institute of Technology
California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology is a private university research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. Caltech maintains a strong emphasis on the natural sciences and engineering....
 into a leading research university.

Honors

Awards
  • The 1894 Janssen Medal from the Paris Academy of Sciences.
  • The 1902 Benjamin Count Rumford Medal from the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
  • The 1904 Henry Draper Medal
    Henry Draper Medal

    The Henry Draper Medal was established by the widow of Henry Draper, and is awarded by the U.S. United States National Academy of Sciences for contributions to astrophysics....
     from the National Academy of Sciences.
  • The 1904 Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society

    The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society....
    .
  • The 1916 Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal
    Bruce Medal

    The Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal is awarded every year by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for outstanding lifetime contributions to astronomy....
     from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
    Astronomical Society of the Pacific

    The Astronomical Society of the Pacific is a scientific and educational organization, founded in San Francisco on February 7, 1889. Its name derives from its origins on the Pacific Coast, but today it has members all over the country and the world....
    .
  • In 1919 he was elected an associate of Academie des Sciences, Institut de France
    Institut de France

    The Institut de France is a France learned society, grouping five acad?mies, the most famous of which is probably the Acad?mie fran?aise....
    .
  • The 1920 Galileo Medal from the University of Florence
    University of Florence

    The University of Florence is one of the largest and oldest university in Italy. It consists of 12 facultiesand has currently about 60,000 students enrolled....
    .
  • The 1921 Actonian Prize
    Actonian Prize

    The Actonian Prize was established by the Royal Institution as a septennial award for the "person who in the judgement of the committee of managers for the time being of the Institution, should have been the author of the best essay illustrative of the wisdom and beneficence of the Almighty, in such department of science as the committee of m...
     from Royal Institution
    Royal Institution

    The Royal Institution of Great Britain is an organization devoted to scientific education and research, based in London. It was founded in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish and its first president, George Finch, 9th Earl of Winchilsea, for "diffusing the knowledge, and facilitating the general int...
     of London.
  • The 1926 Elliott Cresson Medal in Physics from the The Franklin Institute of Philadelphia
    Franklin Institute

    Founded in honor of Benjamin Franklin, The Franklin Institute is a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and one of the oldest and premier centers of science education and development in the United States....
    .
  • The 1926 Arthur Noble Medal from the City of Pasadena
    Pasadena, California

    Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, California, United States. Famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl Game American football game and the Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is the home of many leading scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology , the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ,...
    .
  • The 1927 Franklin Gold Medal
    Franklin Institute

    Founded in honor of Benjamin Franklin, The Franklin Institute is a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and one of the oldest and premier centers of science education and development in the United States....
     from The Franklin Institute
    Franklin Institute

    Founded in honor of Benjamin Franklin, The Franklin Institute is a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and one of the oldest and premier centers of science education and development in the United States....
     of Philadelphia.
  • The 1932 Sir Godfrey Copley Medal
    Copley Medal

    The Copley Medal is an award given by the Royal Society of London for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science, and alternates between the physical sciences and the biological sciences"....
     from the Royal Society of Great Britain.
  • The 1935 Frederic Ives Medal from the Optical Society of America
    Optical Society of America

    The Optical Society of America is a scientific society dedicated to advancing the study of light?optics and photonics?in theory and application, by means of worldwide research, academic publishing, Academic conference and Trade fair, partnership with industry, and the education of new generations of scientists....
    .


Named after him
  • Hale Telescope
    Hale telescope

    The Hale Telescope is the largest telescope at the Palomar Observatory, named after astronomer George Ellery Hale. The , F-number telescope was the largest operating telescope in the world from its completion in 1948 until the BTA-6 became operational in 1975....
     at Palomar Observatory
    Palomar Observatory

    Palomar Observatory is a privately owned observatory located in San Diego County, California, 90 miles southeast of Mount Wilson Observatory, on Palomar Mountain in the Palomar Mountain Range....
    .
  • 22-year solar Hale cycle.
  • Asteroid
    Asteroid

    Asteroids, sometimes called minor planets or planetoids, are small Solar System bodies in orbit around the Sun, smaller than planets but larger than meteoroids....
     1024 Hale
    1024 Hale

    1024 Hale is an asteroid. It was discovered by George Van Biesbroeck on December 2, 1923. Its provisional designation was 1923 YO13. It was named after George Ellery Hale....
    .
  • Hale (lunar crater)
    Hale (lunar crater)

    Hale is a relatively young moon impact crater that is located on the southern limb of the Moon. Over half the crater lies on the Far side of the Moon, and from the Earth this formation is viewed from the side....
    .
  • Hale (Martian crater)
    Hale (Martian crater)

    Hale is a 150 by 125 km Impact crater at 35.7?S, 323.4?E on Mars, just north of Argyre basin. It was created by an asteroid roughly 35 km across that impacted at an oblique angle about 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago....
    .
  • George Ellery Hale Middle School
    George Ellery Hale Middle School

    George Ellery Hale Middle School is a public school located in the Woodland Hills area of Los Angeles, California, United States. It was named after the American astronomer George Ellery Hale....
    , Woodland Hills, CA
  • Hale House, Shoreland Hall, University of Chicago
    University of Chicago

    The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park, Chicago neighborhood of Chicago. Although an older university by the same name existed prior to its founding, the modern University of Chicago credits its founding to the oil magnate John D....
  • Hale Building, Pasadena
    Pasadena, California

    Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, California, United States. Famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl Game American football game and the Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is the home of many leading scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology , the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ,...
    , California
    California

    California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....


External links

  • , 1922, by George Hale, from Project Gutenberg
    Project Gutenberg

    Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive and distribute cultural works, as founder Michael Hart said "To encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks."....
  • The Case Files: George Ellery Hale
  • archive search
  • (2008) Comprehensive PBS documentary on Hale's personal and career challenges (written, produced and directed by Todd and Robin Mason of Mason Productions, Inc.)

Obituaries