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George Costanza
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George Louis Costanza is a fictional character in the United States–based television sitcom Seinfeld (1989–1998), played by Jason Alexander. He has variously been described as a "short, stocky, slow-witted, bald man" (by Elaine Benes and by Costanza himself), "Lord of the Idiots" (by Costanza himself), and as "the greatest sitcom character of all time." He is friends with Jerry Seinfeld, Cosmo Kramer, and Elaine Benes. George appears in every episode except for "The Pen" (third season). The character was originally loosely based on Seinfeld creator Larry David.
ough not a main focus of the show, various details about George's life are revealed throughout.
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George Louis Costanza is a fictional character in the United States–based television sitcom Seinfeld (1989–1998), played by Jason Alexander. He has variously been described as a "short, stocky, slow-witted, bald man" (by Elaine Benes and by Costanza himself), "Lord of the Idiots" (by Costanza himself), and as "the greatest sitcom character of all time." He is friends with Jerry Seinfeld, Cosmo Kramer, and Elaine Benes. George appears in every episode except for "The Pen" (third season). The character was originally loosely based on Seinfeld creator Larry David.
Biography
Although not a main focus of the show, various details about George's life are revealed throughout. Though never explicitly stated, he grew up in Queens, New York; however in the episode "The Junior Mint" he alludes to growing up in Brooklyn, New York, for at least some time and mentions being from Long Island in "The Nose Job." He met Jerry Seinfeld in a middle-school locker room, and they remained friends from that point on. He and Seinfeld attended John F. Kennedy High School, and then they both went on to Queens College. The series starts some years after he graduates.
Characteristics
George is neurotic, self-loathing, and dominated by his parents, Frank and Estelle. He has been best friends with Jerry since their middle-school years. Despite being billed at times as "slow witted," George starts out as a moderately intelligent character—at one point, he mentions an intellectual interest in the American Civil War and, in some early episodes, appears almost as a mentor to Jerry—but gets dumber, to the point of being too lazy even to read a book.
George exhibits a number of negative character traits, among them stinginess, selfishness, dishonesty, insecurity, and neurosis. Many of these traits form the basis of his involvement in various plots, schemes, and awkward social encounters. Episode plots frequently feature George manufacturing elaborate deceptions at work or in his relationships in order to gain or maintain some small or imagined advantage. He had success in "The Opposite," in which Jerry advises him to do the opposite of what his instincts tell him to do, which results in him getting a girlfriend and a job with the New York Yankees. In "The Seven," George says "I can sense the slightest human suffering." Then Jerry asks, "Are you sensing anything right now?" A running gag in the early episodes is for George to lose his temper and go on a rant and losing his nerve upon confrontation.
His relationship with Elaine and Kramer is likely a love/hate relationship. With Elaine, he does get into arguments in one episode, even though he is scared of her. He sometimes wins the argument, as in "The Wife," but they also work together—most notably in the episode "The Cadillac." George and Kramer usually feel awkward with each other but started working together (and against each other) in episodes "The Busboy," "The Stall," and "The Slicer." "The Susie" is the only episode in which their relationship is as prominent as the relationships between the other characters. As with other people, George does try to make up with Kramer to get Allison back.
He has an affinity for nice restrooms and lush work facilities. In "The Revenge," he quits his real-estate job solely because he is forbidden to use his boss's private bathroom. In "The Busboy," he claims to have a cursory knowledge of the locations of the best bathrooms in the city. When working for the Yankees, he suggested having the bathroom-stall doors stretched all the way to the floor (allowing people's legs not to be seen while in the stalls), and, in many episodes, he shows a fascination with toilet paper and its history. The show breaks continuity when, in "The Betrayal," George postpones going to the bathroom during the entire trip to India, claiming not to trust foreign bathrooms. However, in several previous episodes, George just uses any bathroom available and advocates going as soon as he feels the urge, saying, "if you have to go, just go." In "The Wife," George gets into trouble for urinating in the shower at a gym but defends his action with, "It's all pipes! What's the difference?" His obsession with bathrooms and bathroom-related material, including toilet paper, is unexplained in the show but surely serves to reveal George's quirks and neurotic personality.
Although occasionally referred to as dumb by his friends (notably Elaine), there is every reason to believe George is quite an intelligent man despite his neurotic behavior. At this point, George's foolishness, and possibly the show's decision to ultimately make him an idiot, was revealed in the episode, "The Cafe," in which George had to take an IQ test and had Elaine take it for him. Apparently, George's neurotic stupidity would progress more and more through his actions and ideals, until it became one of his primary characteristics. By the season six episode "The Couch," he could not even concentrate enough to read a 90-page book (Breakfast at Tiffany's). In "The Abstinence," it is discovered that George actually has what would appear to be genius-level intelligence but that he can never access it because his mind is always so completely focused on sex. When circumstances allow him to temporarily remove sex from his mind, he is able to reach his true potential but at the same time Elaine gets dumber on the same episode. It is the only episode which George and Elaine's personalities have been swapped. Despite all his negative traits, there are moments when George is capable of being brave (as in "The Marine Biologist") and responsible, though he exhibits primarily cowardice in "The Fire."
Larry David's influence
George is based primarily on co-creator Larry David (see fifth-season DVD special feature "Jason + Larry = George") and named after Jerry Seinfeld's college classmate Michael Costanza (who appeared in the third-season episode "The Parking Space"). Many of George's predicaments were based on David's past real-life experiences. In "The Revenge," for example, when George quits his job in a fury only to realize he has made a mistake, he goes back the next day as if nothing happened, mirroring David's actions while working as a writer for Saturday Night Live, when he quit and then returned to his job in the same manner.
Alexander, from his first audition for the part, based the character George on Woody Allen. As the show progressed, Alexander discovered that the character was based on David. As Alexander explains in an interview for the Seinfeld DVD, during an early conversation with David, Alexander questioned a script, saying, "This could never happen to anyone, and even if it did, no human being would react like this." David replied, "What do you mean? This happened to me once, and this is exactly how I reacted!"
Jerry Seinfeld described the character of George Costanza. Seinfeld stated, "Anger is the key to this whole character, justifiable anger. It's justifiable from [George's] point of view. He got a raw deal, handed a bad hand in life, and he's gonna get even."
Family and background
George is half Italian (on his father's side) and presumably Jewish (on his mother's), the son of Frank (played by Jerry Stiller) and Estelle Costanza (played by Estelle Harris), who are described as "psychopaths" by Jerry ("The Puffy Shirt"); "loud" and "always fighting" by Helen Seinfeld ("The Raincoats, Part 1"); and "sick" by the father of Susan Ross ("The Rye"). His parents' constant bickering and bizarre behavior are often cited as a reason for George's adult neurosis and eccentricity: Jerry comments that George "could have been normal" had the Costanzas divorced 30 years earlier ("The Chinese Woman"), and George describes himself as "the result of my parents having stayed together" ("The Shoes"). Nevertheless, George can be fiercely defensive on his parents' behalf if someone snubs them, as when Jerry's parents avoided dinner with them in "The Raincoats, Part 1." He is shocked when the mysterious man in "The Chinese Woman" is revealed to be his father's divorce attorney (played by Larry David), and George urges his parents not to go through with the divorce.
In "The Suicide," George makes reference to a brother who "once impregnated a woman named Pauline." The brother is referenced again in "The Parking Space," when George explains that no one in his family pays for parking, but the brother is never referenced elsewhere, nor does he make an appearance in the series. In the same episode, it is mentioned that both of his parents are bald (which they are not). This was before either parent's first appearance.
George has two known cousins. One of them is Shelly, who appeared in "The Contest," and his other cousin, Rhisa, appears in "The Junk Mail," referred to by George as Frank's "brother's daughter," although this uncle does not appear, either; however, it is mentioned at another time that George has an Uncle Moe, who "died a young man" ("The Money"). George also had an aunt, "Aunt Baby," who died at the age of 7 of internal problems ("The Money"). When Estelle asks Frank how old Aunt Baby would be today if she had lived, Frank replies, "she never would'a' made it." In "The Doll," it is revealed that Frank Costanza has a cousin, Carlo, in Italy. As of the first-season episode "The Robbery," George had a living grandmother and grandfather whom he had recently visited. These are likely his father's parents, as in another episode George asks his mother about her mother, whom he never really knew and of whom he had only seen pictures.
Jerry
George's best-friendship with Jerry is arguably the main relationship in the series. Despite their trademark shallowness, there does appear to be a deep fraternal bond between Jerry and George that shows itself clearly only very rarely. At one point, George mentions his dislike for telling people he loves them, remarking casually to Jerry, "I like you; I don't tell you," to which Jerry replies, "We can only thank God for that." Likewise, once when Jerry's emotionally cold exterior gets broken and his emotions come flooding out of him, he tells George that he loves him as well, which makes George very uncomfortable, until after he tells Jerry of his greatest fears and becomes emotional himself, even though it turns Jerry "back to normal." Also, the two rarely get into a major fight with each other, perhaps the most prominent one being in "The Betrayal," when George finds out Jerry slept with the woman that he (George) was dating.
Jerry and George's friendship is also apparently great enough to not be disrupted by financial issues. In "The Cadillac, Part 1," Elaine and Kramer both treat Jerry differently after finding out how much money he seems to make, with Elaine becoming very flirty with him and Kramer going so far as to claim, "I think this changes the friendship." George, however, still treats Jerry the same throughout the entire episode.
The extreme closeness of the friendship (despite being entirely platonic, as Jerry and George are both heterosexual) is occasionally mistaken for homosexuality. "The Outing" deals with a reporter from a New York University college paper mistaking Jerry and George for a homosexual couple, and, in "The Cartoon," George dates someone whom Kramer insists is merely a "femme Jerry." When George is forced to note to himself that the idea of a female Jerry with whom he can have a close personal relationship and also a sexual relationship would be everything he has ever wanted, George, in horror, breaks off his relationship with the woman.
Susan
George becomes engaged to Susan Biddle Ross, a wealthy executive at NBC who approved Jerry and George's show-within-a-show sitcom pilot. George and Susan date for a year, during which time the commitment-phobic George is constantly trying to find ways to end their relationship without actually having to initiate the breakup with her. In "The Engagement," he proposes to her in a short-lived bout of midlife crisis, after he and Jerry make a pact to move forward with their lives. When Jerry breaks up with his girlfriend and declares the deal over, George panics and again tries repeatedly to weasel out of his engagement. He gets his wish about two weeks before the wedding in "The Invitations," when he inadvertently causes her death by selecting cheap envelopes for their wedding invitations, not knowing they contained toxic glue. When notified of her death at the hospital, George displays a combination of shock, apathy, and relief. A few moments after being notified of Susan's passing, he says to Jerry, Kramer, and Elaine, "Well, let's go get some coffee." Susan's parents, never knowing the specifics behind her poisoning but suspecting that George was somehow involved, never forgive him for this, and they appoint him to the board of directors of the Susan Ross Foundation to keep him trapped under their influence and to ensure that he would never get any of Susan's inheritance.
George's girlfriends
His relationships with women are always unsuccessful and usually end badly. His most disastrous relationship, an engagement to Susan Ross, is one of the few that ends "well" for George; he fears marriage, and Susan's unexpected death saves him from the commitment. However, even this comes back to "bite him in the butt"—her wealthy parents create a foundation in her honor and endow it with the land, mansions, and money that would have been given to George and Susan upon their marriage.
George also dated other women throughout the series:
- His two dates, Loretta (who refuses to break up) and Maura (who will not make love in "The Strongbox"), make it hard for George to break up.
- In "The Cadillac," George dates a celebrity, Marisa Tomei, in the park for a short time and gets punched after revealing that he is engaged.
- In "The Cafe," George dates Monica, who tests George in an IQ test. Apparently, after letting Elaine help him cheat, the end result is the test being spilled with food, and he is left to explain about the mess on the IQ test.
- In "The Nose Job," George dates Audrey, who has a big nose, until he, Jerry, and Elaine are shocked when Kramer suggests that she get a nose job.
- In "The Red Dot," by accident, George dates Evie, a cleaning woman who works at Pendant Publishing by sharing Hennigans.
- In "The Conversion," George willingly converts to the Latvian Orthodox faith for his girlfriend, Sasha, after Elaine mentions that it would be romantic, only to learn after completing the conversion that Sasha is going to Latvia.
- In "The Boyfriend," George dates his unemployment-office rep, Mrs. Sokol's, daughter Carrie in order to get an extension on his unemployment.
- In "The Good Samaritan," George dates Robin after he says "god bless you" to her.
- In "The Outing," George dates Allison, who is having a breakdown. He tries to show that he is gay, but it fails.
Religion
Unlike Jerry, George is never specifically identified as Jewish or of any other religion. But according to some hints given in the show, it is most likely that he is Catholic. Larry David once claimed in an interview that George is half-Jewish and half-Italian, although that could merely be ethnicity. If this is the case, the obvious conclusion to draw is that Estelle is the Jewish half of the equation, as the name "Costanza" comes from Frank, who hails from Tuscany, and all references to the possible Catholicism of the Costanza family to aspects of Frank, not Estelle.
- In the episode "The Fatigues," it is learned that Frank, George's father, is a member of the Knights of Columbus, an all-Catholic fraternal organization.
- It is revealed Frank has relatives in Italy and lived in Italy for part of his early childhood. Additionally, in "The Calzone," George points out that Costanza is Italian and that he and the Paisano's clerk are like family because of that. The primary religion in Italy is Roman Catholicism.
- In "The Understudy," Jerry tells Elaine that Frank Costanza sold religious articles, such as statues of Jesus and the Blessed Virgin Mary, which are obviously symbols of the Christian faith.
- George sometimes refers to "Mother of God!" using it as an expression of being stunned (e.g., in "The Rye"), although it is probably only an expression.
- In the episode "Festivus," it is mentioned that Frank rejects all the commercial and religious aspects of Christmas. As this began after George was born, it seems reasonable to suspect that, before this time, at least, he was raised Christian.
Other allusions to the question of religion:
- In "The Conversion," George converts to Latvian Orthodox so that he can continue to date his girlfriend who will date only within her faith. When George's parents discover his plan to convert, they are furious (Frank thinks that it is the group that "goes around mutilating squirrels").
- In "The Strike," it is revealed that George's father, Frank, invented the December holiday Festivus to counter the commercialism of Christmas. When George was a child, he was forced to celebrate the holiday, and, as a result, George hates Festivus. George shows his feelings for the holiday when he refuses to take down Frank in the Feats of Strength (but Frank makes him do it anyway).
- In "The Pilot," it is revealed that George does not believe in God except for the "bad things" in life.
Professional life
George's professional life is unstable. He is unable to remain in any job for any great length of time before making an embarrassing blunder and getting fired. Very often, the blunder is lying and trying to cover it up, only to have it all fall apart.
Over the course of the series, he works for a real estate–transaction services firm (Rick Bahr Properties), a rest stop–supply company (Sanalac), Elaine's company (Pendant Publishing), the New York Yankees (his longest running job), a playground-equipment company (Play Now), an industrial smoothing company (Kruger Industrial Smoothing), and other places. He is fired from his job at Pendant Publishing for having sex with the cleaning woman on his desk in "The Red Dot" (he professes he has always been attracted to cleaning women).
His original job when the series starts is as a real estate agent; he ends up quitting, only to slip his boss a mickey in "The Revenge." It remains to be seen why George would be able to collect unemployment when he quits his job without any good reason. He always wanted be an architect; he first desires to be one in "The Stake Out," and he claims in "The Race" that he had designed "the new addition to the Guggenheim." In "The Van Buren Boys," he denies his young protégé a scholarship from the Susan Ross Foundation when the young man decides he no longer wants to be an architect and wants to become a city planner instead. In "The Marine Biologist," Jerry tells a woman whom George wanted to impress that George is a marine biologist. The plan backfires when George is called upon to save a beached whale with a Titleist golf ball in its blowhole. He saves the whale, but the woman tells him off when he confesses that he is not, in fact, a marine biologist; "she told me to go to hell, and I took the bus home."
During the fourth season of the series, George gains experience as a sitcom writer as he helps Jerry to write the pilot for the fictitious show Jerry. While pitching the concept of a "show about nothing" to NBC executives, George dates executive Susan until The Virgin, when she is fired. Following the first and last episode ("The Pilot"), executive Russel's obsession with Elaine has cost George and Jerry a shot at getting a TV series.
Jobs held/places of employment
- Real estate agent (from the first episode, "The Seinfeld Chronicles," until "The Revenge")
- Parking cars in place of "Sid" while Sid was out of town tending to his ailing nephew ("The Alternate Side")
- Reader at Pendant Publishing ("The Red Dot"). He loses this job by having sex with the cleaning woman.
- Writer for a sitcom pilot called Jerry for NBC (season four, from "The Pitch" to "The Pilot")
- Hand model (until he burned his hands on an iron). ("The Puffy Shirt")
- Bra salesman for Sid Farkus, a friend of his father Frank Costanza (although this job lasted all of about two minutes) ("The Sniffing Accountant")
- Sales rep at a rest stop–supply company (Working on the Pensky File). He quits the job after his boss finds out he has done no work, and leaves to take up what he believes is an offer to work for Mr Pensky - Turns out that while he is seen by Mr Pensky as "Pensky material", Penksy and his board of directors have been indicted so cannot trade, therefore no job. ("The Barber")
- "Assistant to the traveling secretary" for the New York Yankees ("The Opposite" through "The Muffin Tops") (Despite this seemingly low-level position, George gets a spacious office overlooking Yankee Stadium and a personal secretary, attends high-echelon board meetings, and associates with George Steinbrenner and Yankees team members, such as Danny Tartabull, Derek Jeter, and Bernie Williams.) This was his longest-lasting job during the course of the series. While at the Yankees, George was promoted twice, replacing his former bosses Mr. Morgan and Mr. Wilhelm. He loses this job when the Yankees trade him to Tyler Chicken for a supply of chicken snacks and fermented chicken drinks for the concession stands.
- Play Now, a playground-equipment company ("The Butter Shave" and "The Voice")
- Computer salesman for his father's computer-selling scheme, "Costanza and Son" ("The Serenity Now")
- Kruger Industrial Smoothing, described as the perfect job for George because there is "no management whatsoever." Eventually, even George got annoyed with Kruger's inability to buckle down and get some work done. (George was employed at Kruger from "The Slicer" through the end of the series, but Kruger's last appearance was in "The Maid")
- Worked at Dairy Queen and was fired for cooling his feet in the soft-serve machine ("The Millenium")
Jobs he falsely claimed to hold
- Architect (first in "The Stake Out" and in numerous episodes thereafter)
- Marine biologist ("The Marine Biologist")
- Playwright author of La Cocina, an off-off-Broadway show ("The Pitch")
- Stock trader of some kind (he says only that he is "in the big market") to impress a woman on the subway ("The Subway")
- Latex salesman, although he is only pretending to try to be hired by Vandelay Industries, the fake latex company that uses Jerry's phone number, so that he can still obtain unemployment checks, because that qualifies as legitimately looking for work ("The Boyfriend, Part 1")
- Hen supervisor at Tyler Chicken ("The Muffin Tops")
- A porn actor named Buck Naked. ("The Outing")
- Donald O'Brien, head of The Aryan Union. ("The Limo")
Fashion and hairstyle
George is known for his balding hair, which never changes throughout the series, although in "The Scofflaw," he begins to wear a toupee. He also attempts to restore his hair in "The Tape", when he begins using a Chinese cream that is said to cure baldness. His hair is rarely seen styled. His clothes are usually very plain. He frequently wears jeans. In "The Pilot," George wears sweatpants; Jerry says that this makes George look like he has given up on life. In "The Subway," when his clothes are taken, he goes to the coffee shop with a blanket. In "The Muffin Tops", his clothes are taken once again. "The Gum" has him dressed as Henry the Eighth, which, along with a tuxedo in "The Opera," are the only times he is seen entirely apart from his drab attire. George has, however, mentioned that his clothing is color coded based on his mood. Jerry asks him what mood he is in, and George replies, "Morning mist" (The Trip). Several times throughout the show, George mentions how he would love to dress all in velvet, which he does in one episode. In the episode "The Bizarro Jerry," George can be seen styling his hair based on a Dennis Franz poster.
Pseudonyms
- Art Vandelay first appears in the episode "The Stake Out," in which George and Jerry need an excuse to give to a woman as to why they are waiting in the lobby of the office building where she worked. Their excuse is that they were meeting Art Vandelay, an importer-exporter who works in the same building, for lunch. In one instance ("The Boyfriend"), George tells the unemployment office he is close to getting a job at "Vandelay Industries." The name is also used as a fake boyfriend of Elaine. Here, Art is an importer/exporter and used as a cover story for when George is going on a date with Marisa Tomei, claiming that George and Elaine are meeting to discuss a problem with her boyfriend so that Susan does not think that George is having an affair ("The Cadillac"). George also uses the pseudonym when interviewing for a job with Elaine's boss in "The Red Dot." When asked which authors he reads, the answer is "Art Vandelay" from New York. In "The Serenity Now," George calls up fake customers, one of whom is "Mr. Vandelay," pretending to get computer orders. In "The Bizarro Jerry," George goes to an office and asks for Mr. Vandelay as part of a setup to approach an attractive secretary. Finally, in "The Puerto Rican Day," George pretends to be Vandelay (along with Jerry as Kel Varnsen and Kramer as Pennypacker) to try to sneak into an open house to watch a Mets game that they had left because the team was getting blown out. In the episode "The Finale," the name of the presiding judge is actually Arthur Vandelay, much to George's amazement. George says he thinks it is "good luck" that that is the judge's name.
- During the seventh season ("The Pool Guy"), George reveals he has two distinct personas, Relationship George and Independent George. Relationship George, he explains, is the conscientious personality he feels forced to adopt in the presence of his fianceé, Susan. Independent George, on the other hand, is the "real" George. Independent George is composed of a subset of personalities, such as Movie George, Coffee Shop George, Liar George, and Bawdy George. Independent George is the George that Jerry knows and grew up with. George worries that if Susan starts socializing with the group, his two worlds will irrevocably collide, resulting in Relationship George "killing" Independent George. Paraphrasing Abraham Lincoln, he declares, "A George divided against itself cannot stand!"
- At one point ("The Maid"), George wants to be known as T-Bone, but his co-workers at Kruger Industrial Smoothing nickname him Koko because of the way he had flailed his arms when demanding the nickname "T-Bone" back from a coworker. George deliberately hires a woman named Coco to work there, only to be nicknamed Gammy instead.
- George reveals that, if he were to be a porn star, his name would be Buck Naked ("The Outing").
- During a very long period of unemployment for George, Jerry calls George Biff, referring to the Biff Loman character in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. In "The Subway," before George's interview, Jerry even says "Don't whistle on the elevator." The daughter of Lenore Sokol, George's unemployment-office representative, also likens George to Biff Loman.
- George once assumes the identity of a man named Donald O'Brien in order to take his limousine ("The Limo"), only to later discover that this man was the leader of a white supremacist neo-nazi group and was on his way to make his first public appearance, at Madison Square Garden.
- In "The Watch," a doorman mistakenly tells Mr. Dalrymple that a "George Bonanza" has arrived to see him.
- In "The Chinese Restaurant," the host calls for a "Cartwright" to answer a call from George's girlfriend.
- George's attempt to streak at Yankee Stadium while wearing a body suit earned him the name Body Suit Man ("The Millennium").
- In "The Library," George is reunited with his former high-school teacher who always called him "Can't-stand-ya."
- In "The Wink," Kramer refers to George as Mr. Weatherbee, comparing him to the classic character with the same name from the Archie Comics series.
Reception
The Seinfeld cast was placed sixth on Bravo's 100 Greatest TV Characters. According to Entertainment Weekly he is one of the "greatest sidekicks."
Pop culture
- George's famed alias, Art Vandelay, is the name of a burrito on the menu at Moe's Southwest Grill, a chain of fast casual restaurants (Moe's spells it "Art Vandalay").
- In a guest appearance on Curb Your Enthusiasm, Jason Alexander guest stars as himself not able to get past the character of George Costanza, describing him as the idiot. The basis of this joke is that the character George comes from creator Larry David's own life.
- Bungie Studios used "Art Vandelay" as a codename for the map "Foundry," which was found in the "Heroic Map Pack" for Halo 3. The pack was released on December 11, 2007. Also, when a certain grunt is encountered, he will say "The jerk store called—they're running out of you!".
- Infinity Ward used "Vandalay" as the brand name for Captain Price's metal-cutting saw near the end of the "All In" mission of Call of Duty 4.
- Rapper Lupe Fiasco refers to George Costanza in his song "Outty 5000."
- The Chicago based rock trio, Codename: Vandelay created its name based on George's encounters with Art Vandelay and Vandelay Industries.
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