Encyclopedia
Geocaching is an outdoor treasure-hunting game in which the participants use a
Global Positioning System receiver or other navigational techniques to hide and seek containers anywhere in the world. A typical cache is a small waterproof container containing a logbook and "treasure", usually toys or trinkets of little monetary value.
Geocaches
For the traditional geocache, a geocacher will place a waterproof container, containing a log book and treasures, then note the cache's
coordinates. These coordinates, along with other details of the location, are posted on a website . Other geocachers obtain the coordinates from the
Internet and seek out the cache using their
GPS handheld receivers. The finding geocachers record their exploits in the logbook and online. Geocachers are free to take objects from the cache in exchange for leaving something of similar or higher value, so there is treasure for the next person to find.
Typical cache treasures aren't high in monetary value but may hold intrinsic value to the finder. Aside from the logbook, common cache contents are unusual
coins or currency, small toys, ornamental buttons, CDs, or books. Also common are objects that are moved from cache to cache, such as
Travel Bugs or
Geocoins, whose travels may be logged and followed online. Occasionally, higher value items are included in geocaches, normally reserved for the "first finder", or in locations which are harder to reach.
Geocaches can range in size from "microcaches", too small to hold anything more than a tiny paper log, to those placed in five-gallon buckets or even larger containers.
If a geocache has been vandalized or stolen, it is said to have been "muggled" or "plundered". The former term plays off the fact that those not familiar with geocaching are called "geo-muggles" or just muggles, a term borrowed from the
Harry Potter series of books.
If a cacher discovers that a cache has been muggled, it can be logged as needing maintenance, which sends an e-mail to the cache owner so it can either be deactivated, repaired, or replaced.
Ethics
Due to the hide-and-seek nature of the game, without some rules geocachers could be a danger to themselves, other cachers, or society. Geocaching.com has guidelines for through their listing service. Other websites, like , have their own set of guidelines for acceptable listings. Geocachers interested in enumerating a basic set of generally accepted practices have also developed the Geocacher's Creed and Geocaching Policy .
When geocaching in busy locations, searching for a cache can require tact and craftiness to avoid the attention of the general public. The person hiding a geocache frequently takes this into account so that the hider and those looking for caches will not cause undue alarm. When care is not taken in hiding or finding a geocache, cachers have been approached by police and questioned when they were seen as acting suspiciously. Other times, investigation of a cache location after suspicious activity was reported has resulted in police and bomb squad discovery of the geocache. One such cache was destroyed by the
Bellevue, Washington bomb squad, who suspected that an ammunition canister labeled as a geocache was a bomb .
Although not dealing with geocaching specifically, the
Leave No Trace principles are how some geocachers feel geocaching should be done.
History
Geocaching is similar to a much older activity called letterboxing. The major difference is its use of the Global Positioning System. Geocaching via GPS was made possible by the removal of
selective availability of the Global Positioning System on May 1, 2000. The first documented placement of a cache with GPS assistance took place on May 3, 2000, by Dave Ulmer of Beavercreek, Oregon. The location was posted on the Usenet newsgroup [news://sci.geo.satellite-nav sci.geo.satellite-nav]. By May 6, 2000, it had been found twice and logged once . Today, well over 350,000 geocaches are currently placed in 222 countries around the world, registered on various websites devoted to the sport.
Origin of the name
The activity was originally referred to as
GPS stash hunt or
gpsstashing. This was changed after a discussion in the discussion group at eGroups . On May 30, 2000, Matt Stum suggested to change the name "stash" into "cache" and also mentioned "geocaching" as the name of the activity.
Geocache Variations
There are many types of caches. Some are easy enough to be called "drive-bys", "park 'n' grabs" , or "cache and dash". Others are very difficult, including ; there are even examples of caches under water ,
50 feet up a tree , after long offroad drives , on high mountain peaks , on the
Antarctic continent , and above the
Arctic Circle . Different geocaching websites choose to list different variations as per their own policies .
Variations of geocaches include:
- Traditional: This is the basic cache type. It is a container with a log book found at its listed set of coordinates and usually trade items.
- Multi-cache: This cache consists of multiple caches. These caches are one or more intermediate points containing the coordinates for the next or final cache, that contains the log book and trade items.
- Offset: This cache is similar to the multi-cache except that the initial coordinates are for a location containing information that encodes the final cache coordinates. An example would be to direct the finder to a plaque where the digits of a date on the plaque correspond to coordinates of the final cache.
- Mystery/puzzle-based: This cache does not include a listed set of coordinates for the cache. Instead, it is located after solving a puzzle in order to determine the final cache coordinates.
- Letterbox Hybrid: A letterbox hybrid cache is a combination of a geocache and a letterbox in the same container. A letterbox has a rubber stamp and a logbook instead of tradable items. Letterboxers carry their own stamp with them, to stamp the letterbox's log book and inversely stamp their personal log book with the letterbox stamp. The hybrid cache contains the important materials for this as well as trade items.
- Virtual: Caches of this nature are coordinates for a location that does not contain the traditional box, log book, or trade items. Instead, the location contains some other described object. Validation for finding a virtual cache generally requires you to email the cache hider with information such as a date or a name on a plaque, or to post a picture of yourself at the site with GPS receiver in hand.
- Earthcache: This is a type of virtual cache organized by the Geological Society of America. The locations do not have traditional geocaches, but contain information about the geology, fossils, and local environment.
- Webcam: Similar to a virtual cache, there is no container, log book, or trade items for this cache type. Instead, the coordinates are for a location with a public webcam. Instead of signing a log book, the finder is often required to capture their image from the webcam for verification of the find.
- Locationless/Reverse: This variation is similar to a scavenger hunt. A description is given for something to find, such as a one-room schoolhouse, and the finder locates an example of this object. The finder records the location using their GPS handheld receiver and often taking a picture at the location with their GPS receiver. Typically others are not allowed to log that same location as a find.
- Moving/Traveling: Similar to a traditional geocache, this variation is found at a listed set of coordinates. The finder uses the log book, trades trinkets, and then hides the cache in a different location. By updating this new location on the listing, the finder essentially becomes the hider and the next finder continues the cycle.
- Event Cache: This is a cache located at a gathering attended by geocachers. Caches placed at events are often temporarily placed for the event date only. This term is also used to describe the gathering itself.
- Events: This is a variation on event caching. Geocachers gather to clean up the trash in the area to improve the environment as a coordinated activity.
Websites for geocaching
There are a number of websites that list geocaches around the world. The first, which is by far the largest and best known, is , which began operating in 2000. This site has members worldwide, and hundreds of thousands of caches available. Caches are published by regional cache reviewers and the site stresses family-oriented caching. Its claim to be "official" and its commercial interests are often bones of contention.
Geocaching.com no longer lists caches without a physical object, including locationless/reverse, webcam, and earth caches; however, older caches of these types have been grandfathered in . Groundspeak, Inc., the site's owner, has created a waymarking website, at , to handle non-physical caches.
The second best known site is , whose goal is to have members place and seek caches that are somewhat higher in quality, either from the difficulty of the hide or from the quality of the location. Cache approval is handled by other members through a sponsorship system. Members peer review the quality of other members' caches. It is another worldwide game with caches numbering in the thousands. TerraCaching.com embraces virtual caches alongside traditionals, and has a large selection of locationless caches integrated into the web site.
A third site frequently used for geocaching is . Navicache.com has pockets of popularity worldwide and continues to grow. While many of Navicache.com's listings can be found cross-posted to other sites, they also offer many unique listings. Unlike some of the commercial sites, Navicache does not charge to access any of the caches in their database.
In the
United States, where most geocaching services are hosted, coordinates are not protected by copyright but cache data are. Some commercial web sites listing geocache data are generally protective of their data. People scraping data from geocaching.com have been threatened with lawsuits by Groundspeak, Inc., owners of the site. One of the most notable examples of this is that of Ed Hall who in 2001 was threatened with a lawsuit. According to Hall, the threat was due to Groundspeak's request that he provide a copyright notice on his website, , attributing Groundspeak as the owner of the cache data. However, Groundspeak claims the dispute occurred after Hall refused to remove a cache listing from his maps at the request of a cache owner. As a result, his site now acknowledges the various sources of cache data he uses, but after a disagreement about licensing, he no longer includes any data from geocaching.com.
Navicache.com take a more 'open-caching' type approach, sharing their database with Buxley's and others.
Appeal
The reasons that people geocache are as varied as the individual, but several common factors continue to come up in discussion. Many people enjoy the sense of adventure and finding, not only a cache, but a hidden gem of environment that they wouldn't have otherwise found. People enjoy the exercise, and getting outdoors. Many families use geocaching as quality time that can integrate modern technology with traditional pursuits. Some do it for "the numbers" and others do it for the experience. Also, the feeling of success after a tough search is an obvious reward. Geocaching provides a feeling of community and the sense that one is "in the know". Whatever the reasons, more than a few people have discovered that geocaching can be incredibly addicting.
Geocaching's status as a sport
There is some debate among geocachers about whether to categorize geocaching as a sport, game, or activity.
Proponents for "geocaching as a sport" like to point out that dictionaries define sport as a "physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively." They think that geocaching meets all those criteria.
Others argue against geocaching as a sport, pointing out that there is no clearly defined ruleset for geocaching - most participants geocache in their own manner - which means that competition cannot be measurable. Competition is also highly discouraged by a small but influential group of cachers to which the term hobby seems a more accurate description of the activity.
See also
External links
Geocache Listing Sites
In alphabetical order.
Similar and related activities
- Caching the Old-Fashioned way
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- A site dedicated to providing walking routes in the UK which pass geocaches.
- Waymarking
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- An Adventure for Your Descendants: Secreting capsules in the remote wilderness for your family to retrieve years later.
- GPS Treasure Hunting sites or caches can be anywhere in Ontario.
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- A restaurant guide for people with a GPS
Tools
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- Convert to various formats; transfer waypoints to receivers under any OS
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- : Free-of-charge open-use puzzle coordinate verification system
- : A free service for checking puzzle cache coordinate solutions
- : Entering Geocaching.com-style coordinates will generate a Mapquest map
- : Collection of Greasemonkey scripts that enhance the geocaching.com site.
- An excellent review of various Geocaching software tools - featured on many sites and discussed on a podcast.
- Geocaching Software listing on Wikipedia
Miscellaneous
- Everything you need to know to understand and begin geocaching
- Comprehensive listing of the terms and abbreviations used in the geocaching world, and their meanings.
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- Public land policies regarding Geocaching and related activities
- A voluntary set of principles for placing and hiding geocaches
- A wiki site specifically for geocaching articles, safety guides, reviews, etc.
- A weekly audio show that focuses on the hobby / activity of Geocaching.
- IRC channel dedicated to Geocaching in the UK.
Books on Geocaching
- The Essential Guide to Geocaching by Mike Dyer
- by Lee Ann and John Orlando
