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Gebruchts

Gebruchts

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Gebrochts refers to matzo
Matzo
Matza is a cracker-like flatbread made of white plain flour and water. The dough is pricked in several places and not allowed to rise before or during baking, thereby producing a hard, flat bread...

 that has absorbed liquid. In contemporary Hebrew
Hebrew language
Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Culturally, it is considered a Jewish language. Hebrew in its modern form is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel while Classical Hebrew has been used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world for over...

, "gebrochts" is known as "matza sh'ruyah," or "soaked matzo." Gebrochts is an aspect of Passover
Passover
Passover is a Jewish and Samaritan holy day and festival commemorating the Hebrews' escape from enslavement in Egypt....

 kashrut
Kashrut
Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food in accord with halakha is termed kosher in English, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér , meaning "fit"...

 observed only by some groups in the haredi
Haredi Judaism
Haredi or Charedi/Chareidi Judaism, sometimes referred to as Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, though the term is considered pejorative by some, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism...

 Ashkenazi
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim , are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities of the Rhineland valley and northern France...

 community.

Source


During the holiday of Passover
Passover
Passover is a Jewish and Samaritan holy day and festival commemorating the Hebrews' escape from enslavement in Egypt....

, Jews are forbidden to eat any of five grains specified in the Talmud
Talmud
The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of mainstream Judaism....

 — wheat
Wheat
Wheat is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Fertile Crescent region of the Near East. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...

, barley
Barley
Barley is a cereal grain derived from the annual grass Hordeum vulgare. It serves as a major animal feed crop, with smaller amounts used for malting and in health food. It is used in soups, stews and barley bread in various countries, such as Scotland and in Africa...

, spelt
Spelt
Spelt is a hexaploid species of wheat. Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times; it now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and has found a new market as a health food. Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species...

, oat
Oat
The common oat is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name . While oats are suitable for human consumption as oatmeal and rolled oats, one of the most common uses is as livestock feed. Oats make up a large part of the diet of horses and are regularly fed to...

s, and rye
Rye
Rye is a grass grown extensively as a grain and as a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe and is closely related to barley and wheat. Rye grain is used for flour, rye bread, rye beer, some whiskies, some vodkas, and animal fodder...

) if they have been "leavened." Leavening, , is defined as flour of one of these grains combined with water and allowed to sit for more than 18 minutes before being baked.

Once flour has been reacted with water and rapidly baked into matzo
Matzo
Matza is a cracker-like flatbread made of white plain flour and water. The dough is pricked in several places and not allowed to rise before or during baking, thereby producing a hard, flat bread...

, it is no longer subject to leavening. According to this argument, matzo and its derivatives are neither "leavened" nor "leavenable," and, therefore are permissible for consumption during Passover. A reading of the tractate Pesahim
Pesahim
Pesahim is the third tractate of Seder Moed of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. It is concerned mainly with the laws of the Jewish holiday Passover as well as the Passover lamb offering...

 from the Babylonian Talmud (c. 500) makes it clear that in Talmudic times, matzo soaked in water was permitted during Passover; the Ashkenazi rabbi
Rabbi
Rabbi is the term in Judaism for a religious teacher. The word rabbi derives from the Hebrew root word , rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ‘great’ in many senses, including "revered." The word comes from the Semitic root R-B-B, and is cognate to Arabic ربّ rabb, meaning "lord" Rabbi ' onMouseout='HidePop("16536")' href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Rashi">Rashi
Rashi
Shlomo Yitzhaki, better known by the acronym Rashi , , was a medieval French rabbi famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, as well as a comprehensive commentary on the Tanakh .Acclaimed for his ability to present the basic meaning of the text in a...

 (c. 1100), also indicates that this was unobjectionable (Berachot 38b).

However, the custom later developed among some Ashkenazim
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim , are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities of the Rhineland valley and northern France...

, primarily Hasidic Jews
Hasidic Judaism
Hasidic Judaism or Hasidism, from the Hebrew: , Hasidut, meaning "piety") is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that promotes spirituality and joy as the fundamental aspects of the Jewish faith. The majority of Hasidic Jews are ultra-orthodox....

, to avoid putting matzo
Matzo
Matza is a cracker-like flatbread made of white plain flour and water. The dough is pricked in several places and not allowed to rise before or during baking, thereby producing a hard, flat bread...

 (or any derivative, such as matzo meal) into water (or any liquid), to avoid the possibility that a clump of flour that was never properly mixed with water (and thus is still susceptible to leavening) may come into contact with the liquid. (This appears, for example, in Shulchan Aruch HaRav
Shulchan Aruch HaRav
Shulchan Aruch HaRav is a codification of halakha by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, known during his lifetime as HaRav and after his lifetime as the Alter Rebbe .At a young age, Rabbi Shneur Zalman was asked by his teacher, Rabbi Dovber of Mezeritch to recodify the Shulchan...

, c. 1800.) Therefore, some Jewish communities, especially Hasidic Jews, do not eat matzo ball soup
Matzah balls
Matzah balls, also known as קניידלעך kneydlach in Yiddish, are a traditional Ashkenazi dumpling made from matzah meal...

 during Passover. "Non-gebrochts" recipes and products generally substitute potato starch
Potato starch
Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The plant cells of the root tuber of potatoes plant contains starch grains . To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed, the starch grains are released form the destroyed cells...

 for matzo meal.

Observance


Some non-gebrochts eaters will not use dishes that were used for gebrochts. Some hotels and restaurants open during Passover
Passover
Passover is a Jewish and Samaritan holy day and festival commemorating the Hebrews' escape from enslavement in Egypt....

 indicate on their menus, "if you would like to add matzo to your chicken soup, please notify the waiter so s/he may provide you with a disposable bowl and spoon." Others observe the custom only on the first night of Passover or abstain from eating gebrochts themselves but do not regard it as chametz
Chametz
Chametz refers to bread, grains and leavened products that are not consumed on the Jewish holiday of Passover, as well as all food items that are not specifically marked "kosher for Passover." According to Jewish law, Jews may not own, eat or benefit from chametz during Passover. This law appears...

. Personal custom generally reflect the norms of one's family and community.

Most Ashkenazi consider gebrochts to be a non-issue. While no one argues that one must consume gebrochts during Passover, many consider gebrochts dishes (matzo ball soup, matzo pizza
Pizza
Pizza is a world-popular dish of Italian origin, made with an oven-baked, flat, generally round bread that is often covered with tomatoes or a tomato-based sauce and cheese. Other toppings are added according to region, culture, or personal preference.Originating in a part of Italian cuisine, the...

, for example) to constitute an enjoyable and significant role in their Passover
Passover
Passover is a Jewish and Samaritan holy day and festival commemorating the Hebrews' escape from enslavement in Egypt....

 experience and thus a way to fulfill the mitzvah
Mitzvah
This article is about commandments in Judaism. For the Jewish rite of passage, see Bar Mitzvah and Bat MitzvahMitzvah is a word used in Judaism to refer to the 613 commandments given in the Torah and the seven rabbinic commandments instituted later for a total of 620...

 of being happy
Happiness
Happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. A variety of philosophical, religious, psychological and biological approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources....

 on Yom Tov. In fact, the members of some nineteenth century Lithuanian Jewish
Lithuanian Jews
Lithuanian Jews are Ashkenazi Jews with roots in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ....

 communities deliberately ate gebrochts to demonstrate the permissibility of this practice.

In Israel
Israel
Israel officially the State of Israel , is a developed state in Western Asia located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its...

, Passover is observed for seven days, as mandated by the Torah
Torah
The term "Torah" , refers either to the Five Books of Moses or to the entirety of Judaism's founding legal and ethical religious texts...

; those with the custom of not eating gebrochts generally abstain for all seven days. Outside of Israel, however, an eighth day is observed because of a decree of Rabbinic law. On this eighth (somewhat more lenient in certain regards) day, virtually all communities consider gebrochts to be permitted, even those who are careful not to eat gebrochts for the first seven days.

External links