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Gaseous ionization detectors
 
 
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In particle physics
Particle physics

Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary particle constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactions between them....
, gaseous ionization detectors are detectors designed to seek the presence of particles (a particle detector
Particle detector

In experimental and applied particle physics and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify high-energy Elementary particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator....
). If a particle has enough energy to ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
ize a gas
Gas

In physics, a gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion....
, the resulting electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
s emitted can cause a current flow which can be measured in different ways. Examples are ionization chamber
Ionization chamber

An ionization chamber is a device used for two major purposes: detecting particles in air , and for detection or measurement of ionizing radiation....
s, proportional counter
Proportional counter

A proportional counter is a measurement device to count Charged particles of ionizing radiation and measure their energy.A proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector - it works on the same principle as the Geiger counter, but uses a lower operating voltage....
s and Geiger-Müller tube
Geiger-Müller tube

A Geiger-M?ller tube is the sensing element of a Geiger counter instrument that can detect a single particle of ionizing radiation, and typically produce an audible click for each....
s, all of which have the same basic design of two electrode
Electrode

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a Electronic circuit . The word was coined by the scientist Michael Faraday from the Greek language words elektron and hodos, a way....
s separated by air or a special counting gas. The strength of the electric field
Electric field

In physics, the space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field ....
 between the electrodes determines the detector's response to ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation consists of subatomic particle radiation or electromagnetic radiation that are energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, ionize them....
.

Smoke detector
Smoke detector

A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke and issues a signal to a fire alarm system, or issues a local audible and/or visual alarm from the detector itself....
s work on this principle; a bit of radioactive americium
Americium

Americium is a synthetic element that has the symbol Am and atomic number 95. A radioactive decay metallic element, americium is an actinide that was obtained in 1944 by Glenn T....
 is placed so that it maintains a current between the two plates.






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In particle physics
Particle physics

Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary particle constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactions between them....
, gaseous ionization detectors are detectors designed to seek the presence of particles (a particle detector
Particle detector

In experimental and applied particle physics and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify high-energy Elementary particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator....
). If a particle has enough energy to ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
ize a gas
Gas

In physics, a gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion....
, the resulting electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
s emitted can cause a current flow which can be measured in different ways. Examples are ionization chamber
Ionization chamber

An ionization chamber is a device used for two major purposes: detecting particles in air , and for detection or measurement of ionizing radiation....
s, proportional counter
Proportional counter

A proportional counter is a measurement device to count Charged particles of ionizing radiation and measure their energy.A proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector - it works on the same principle as the Geiger counter, but uses a lower operating voltage....
s and Geiger-Müller tube
Geiger-Müller tube

A Geiger-M?ller tube is the sensing element of a Geiger counter instrument that can detect a single particle of ionizing radiation, and typically produce an audible click for each....
s, all of which have the same basic design of two electrode
Electrode

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a Electronic circuit . The word was coined by the scientist Michael Faraday from the Greek language words elektron and hodos, a way....
s separated by air or a special counting gas. The strength of the electric field
Electric field

In physics, the space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field ....
 between the electrodes determines the detector's response to ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation consists of subatomic particle radiation or electromagnetic radiation that are energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, ionize them....
.

Smoke detector
Smoke detector

A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke and issues a signal to a fire alarm system, or issues a local audible and/or visual alarm from the detector itself....
s work on this principle; a bit of radioactive americium
Americium

Americium is a synthetic element that has the symbol Am and atomic number 95. A radioactive decay metallic element, americium is an actinide that was obtained in 1944 by Glenn T....
 is placed so that it maintains a current between the two plates. If smoke gets in between the plates where the ionization is taking place, the ionized gas can be neutralized leading to a reduced current. The decrease in current triggers a fire alarm.

Geiger-Müller tube
Geiger-Müller tube

A Geiger-M?ller tube is the sensing element of a Geiger counter instrument that can detect a single particle of ionizing radiation, and typically produce an audible click for each....
s are the primary components of Geiger counters; as the gas ionizes a current is able to pass through a potential difference between two plates. The peak in current is passed through an audio device producing the clicks of the Geiger counter.

Proportional counter
Proportional counter

A proportional counter is a measurement device to count Charged particles of ionizing radiation and measure their energy.A proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector - it works on the same principle as the Geiger counter, but uses a lower operating voltage....
s work on a similar principle, but by using a smaller potential difference between the electrodes, the determination of ionization energy is allowed for.

Wire chamber
Wire chamber

A multi-wire chamber is a detector for particles of ionizing radiation which is an advancement of the concept of the Geiger counter and the proportional counter....
s are essentially gaseous ionization detectors with many electrodes instead of one.