Garland chrysanthemum
Encyclopedia
Garland chrysanthemum, botanically Chrysanthemum coronarium or Leucanthemum
coronarium, also known as chrysanthemum greens or edible chrysanthemum, is native to the Mediterranean and East Asia
. It is a leaf vegetable
in the genus
Chrysanthemum
, or by some botanists in Leucanthemum
.
y herb, the Garland chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum coronarium, is one of the few annual plant
s in its genus and has yellow florets grouped in small rayed flower heads and aromatic, bipinnately lobed
leaves. The vegetable grows very well in mild or slightly cold climates, but will go quickly into premature flowering in warm summer conditions. Seeds are sown in early spring and fall.
"The plant is rich in minerals and vitamins with potassium concentrations at 610 mg/100 g and carotene at 3.4 g/100 g in edible portions. In addition, the plant contains various antioxidants (in stem, leaf,and root tissues) that have potential long-term benefits for human health, although toxic (dioxin) properties have also been observed.
Extracts from C. coronarium var. spatiosum have been shown to inhibit growth of Lactobacillus casei, a beneficial human intestinal bacterium."
It is popular in Korean traditional soups, stews, hot pots, and casseroles, Cantonese cuisine
, especially in the cuisine of Hong Kong
, and in Japanese cuisine
in Nabemono
. Overcooking should be avoided and it is recommended to add it at the last moment to hot pot since it easily loses the structure. The leaves are an important ingredient in Taiwan
ese Oyster omelette
s and, when young, are used along with stems to flavor soup
and stir-fry.
In Crete
, a variety of the species called mantilida (μαντηλίδα) has its tender shoots eaten raw or steamed by the locals. (see Greek cuisine)
Leucanthemum
Leucanthemum is a genus of about 70 flowering plants from the sunflower family . It occurs in Europe, Northern Africa and the temperate regions of Asia. Many species have been introduced into America, Australia and New Zealand.-Growth:...
coronarium, also known as chrysanthemum greens or edible chrysanthemum, is native to the Mediterranean and East Asia
East Asia
East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...
. It is a leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, green vegetables, greens, leafy greens or salad greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots...
in the genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums, often called mums or chrysanths, are of the genus constituting approximately 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae which is native to Asia and northeastern Europe.-Etymology:...
, or by some botanists in Leucanthemum
Leucanthemum
Leucanthemum is a genus of about 70 flowering plants from the sunflower family . It occurs in Europe, Northern Africa and the temperate regions of Asia. Many species have been introduced into America, Australia and New Zealand.-Growth:...
.
Characteristics
A leafLeaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....
y herb, the Garland chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum coronarium, is one of the few annual plant
Annual plant
An annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers, and dies in a year or season. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed...
s in its genus and has yellow florets grouped in small rayed flower heads and aromatic, bipinnately lobed
Lobe (anatomy)
In anatomy, a lobe is a clear anatomical division or extension that can be determined without the use of a microscope This is in contrast to a lobule, which is a clear division only visible histologically....
leaves. The vegetable grows very well in mild or slightly cold climates, but will go quickly into premature flowering in warm summer conditions. Seeds are sown in early spring and fall.
"The plant is rich in minerals and vitamins with potassium concentrations at 610 mg/100 g and carotene at 3.4 g/100 g in edible portions. In addition, the plant contains various antioxidants (in stem, leaf,and root tissues) that have potential long-term benefits for human health, although toxic (dioxin) properties have also been observed.
Extracts from C. coronarium var. spatiosum have been shown to inhibit growth of Lactobacillus casei, a beneficial human intestinal bacterium."
Food uses
Cantonese cuisine
Cantonese cuisine comes from Guangdong Province in southern China and is one of 8 superdivisions of Chinese cuisine. Its prominence outside China is due to the great numbers of early emigrants from Guangdong. Cantonese chefs are highly sought after throughout the country...
, especially in the cuisine of Hong Kong
Cuisine of Hong Kong
Hong Kong cuisine is influenced by Cantonese cuisine and parts of non-Cantonese-speaking China , Western world, Japan, and Southeast Asia, due to Hong Kong's past as a British colony and long history of being an international city of commerce...
, and in Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine has developed over the centuries as a result of many political and social changes throughout Japan. The cuisine eventually changed with the advent of the Medieval age which ushered in a shedding of elitism with the age of shogun rule...
in Nabemono
Nabemono
Nabemono or simply called nabe, is a term referring to all varieties of Japanese steamboat dishes, also known as one pot dishes....
. Overcooking should be avoided and it is recommended to add it at the last moment to hot pot since it easily loses the structure. The leaves are an important ingredient in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
ese Oyster omelette
Oyster omelette
Oyster omelette is a Chinese dish of Teochew/Fujian origin, made famous in Taiwan...
s and, when young, are used along with stems to flavor soup
Soup
Soup is a generally warm food that is made by combining ingredients such as meat and vegetables with stock, juice, water, or another liquid. Hot soups are additionally characterized by boiling solid ingredients in liquids in a pot until the flavors are extracted, forming a broth.Traditionally,...
and stir-fry.
In Crete
Crete
Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits...
, a variety of the species called mantilida (μαντηλίδα) has its tender shoots eaten raw or steamed by the locals. (see Greek cuisine)
Common names
- chop-suey-green
- crown daisy
- garland chrysanthemum
- Japanese-green
- tangho
- tongho
- shungiku
- antimonio
- mirabeles
- moya
- kikuna
- kelsang/kaysang (Tibetan, Wylie transliterationWylie transliterationThe Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English language typewriter. It bears the name of Turrell V. Wylie, who described the scheme in an article, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, published in 1959...
: skal bzang) - pak thang-o (ຜັກຕັງໂອ)