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Gallic acid
 
 
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Gallic acid is an organic acid
Organic acid

An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group -COOH....
, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 , is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time the only source for benzoic acid....
, found in gallnuts, sumac
Sumac

Sumac is any one of approximately 250 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus and related genera, in the family Anacardiaceae. The dried berries of some species are ground to produce a tangy purple spice....
, witch hazel
Witch hazel

Witch hazel is the name of:*Witch-hazel: Hamamelis, a genus of decorative shrubs in North America and east Asia*Witch hazel : the astringent topical medicine derived from the Hamamelis plant...
, tea
Tea

Tea refers to the agricultural products of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods....
 leaves, oak
Oak

The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus , which are listed in the List of Quercus species, and some related genera, notably Lithocarpus....
 bark
BARK

BARK was an early Electromechanics. BARK was built using standard phone relays, implementing a 32-bit binary machine and could perform addition in 150 ms and multiplication in 250 ms....
, and other plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s. The chemical formula is C
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
6H
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
2(OH
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
)3COOH. Gallic acid is found both free and as part of tannin
Tannin

Tannins are astringent, bitter plant polyphenols that either bind and Precipitation or shrink proteins. The astringency from the tannins is what causes the dry and puckery feeling in the mouth following the consumption of red wine or an unripened fruit....
s. Salts and ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
s of gallic acid are termed gallate
Gallate

Gallate may refer to:* A salt or ester of gallic acid* A salt containing oxyanions of gallium...
s. Despite its name, it does not contain gallium
Gallium

Gallium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in nature, but as the Ga salt, in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores....
.

Gallic acid is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. It is used as a standard
Standard

A technical standard is an established norm or requirement. It is usually a formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria, methods, processes and practices....
 for determining the phenol
Phenol

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a toxic, white crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor, commonly referred to as a "hospital smell"....
 content of various analytes by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent

The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin-Denis reagent is a mixture of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate used for the colorimetric assay of phenolic antioxidants and polyphenol antioxidants....
; results are reported in gallic acid equivalents.






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Encyclopedia


Gallic acid is an organic acid
Organic acid

An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group -COOH....
, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 , is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time the only source for benzoic acid....
, found in gallnuts, sumac
Sumac

Sumac is any one of approximately 250 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus and related genera, in the family Anacardiaceae. The dried berries of some species are ground to produce a tangy purple spice....
, witch hazel
Witch hazel

Witch hazel is the name of:*Witch-hazel: Hamamelis, a genus of decorative shrubs in North America and east Asia*Witch hazel : the astringent topical medicine derived from the Hamamelis plant...
, tea
Tea

Tea refers to the agricultural products of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods....
 leaves, oak
Oak

The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus , which are listed in the List of Quercus species, and some related genera, notably Lithocarpus....
 bark
BARK

BARK was an early Electromechanics. BARK was built using standard phone relays, implementing a 32-bit binary machine and could perform addition in 150 ms and multiplication in 250 ms....
, and other plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s. The chemical formula is C
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
6H
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
2(OH
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
)3COOH. Gallic acid is found both free and as part of tannin
Tannin

Tannins are astringent, bitter plant polyphenols that either bind and Precipitation or shrink proteins. The astringency from the tannins is what causes the dry and puckery feeling in the mouth following the consumption of red wine or an unripened fruit....
s. Salts and ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
s of gallic acid are termed gallate
Gallate

Gallate may refer to:* A salt or ester of gallic acid* A salt containing oxyanions of gallium...
s. Despite its name, it does not contain gallium
Gallium

Gallium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in nature, but as the Ga salt, in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores....
.

Gallic acid is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. It is used as a standard
Standard

A technical standard is an established norm or requirement. It is usually a formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria, methods, processes and practices....
 for determining the phenol
Phenol

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a toxic, white crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor, commonly referred to as a "hospital smell"....
 content of various analytes by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent

The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin-Denis reagent is a mixture of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate used for the colorimetric assay of phenolic antioxidants and polyphenol antioxidants....
; results are reported in gallic acid equivalents. Gallic acid can also be used to synthesize the hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline
Mescaline

Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally-occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class. It is mainly used as a recreational drug, an entheogen, and a tool to supplement various practices for transcendence , including in meditation, psychonautics, art projects, and psychedelic psychotherapy....
, also known as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine.

Gallic acid was one of the substances used by Angelo Mai
Angelo Mai

Angelo Mai was an Italy Cardinal and philologist. He won a European reputation for publishing for the first time a series of previously unknown ancient texts....
 among other early investigators of palimpsest
Palimpsest

A palimpsest is a manuscript page from a scroll or book that has been scraped off and used again. The word "palimpsest" comes through Latin from Greek language pa??? + ?a? = , and meant "scraped again." Ancient Rome wrote on Wax tablet that could be smoothed and reused, and a passing use of the rather bookish term "palimpsest" by Cicero se...
s to clear the top layer of text off and reveal hidden manuscripts underneath. Mai was the first to employ it, but did so "with a heavy hand," often damaging manuscripts for future study.

See also

  • Pyrogallol
    Pyrogallol

    Pyrogallol or benzene-1,2,3-triol is a white crystalline powder and a powerful reducing agent. It was first prepared by Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1786 by heating gallic acid....
  • Syringol
    Syringol

    Syringol is a dimethyl ether of pyrogallol. It is slightly soluble in water. It is combustible, with flash point of 140 ?C.Together with guaiacol, syringol is a characteristic product of pyrolysis of lignin....
  • Syringaldehyde
    Syringaldehyde

    Syringaldehyde is a naturally occurring aromaticity aldehyde soluble in alcohol. Some species of insects use syringaldehyde in their chemical communication systems....
  • Tannin
    Tannin

    Tannins are astringent, bitter plant polyphenols that either bind and Precipitation or shrink proteins. The astringency from the tannins is what causes the dry and puckery feeling in the mouth following the consumption of red wine or an unripened fruit....


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