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The Gabo Reform describes a series of sweeping reforms introduced in Korea
Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....
 (at that time called Joseon
Joseon

Joseon, Choson, or Chosun are English spellings of the Korean word for North Korea, during various periods of its history :*Gojoseon, the first Korean kingdom(legend period founded by Chinese Adherents or Displaced persons), from 2333 BC to 108 BC....
) beginning in 1894 and ending in 1896, during the reign of King Gojong, in response to the Donghak Rebellion. Historians debate the degree of Japanese influence in this program, as well as its effect in encouraging modernization.

The Gabo Reform is similar to the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration

The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure....
 in Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 and produced the following sweeping changes and declarations:
  1. Korea is a sovereign country (i.e., completely independent from China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
    ).
  2. Only the King (and not the Yangban
    Yangban

    The Yangban were part of the traditional ruling class of dynastical Korea during the Joseon dynasty. Yangban were landed or unlanded gentry who comprised the Confucianism idea of a "scholarly official", and thus were part of the agrarian bureaucracy within Korea prior to 1910 during the Joseon Dynasty....
     elite) is to control the government.
  3. Those with talent are to be allowed to study.
  4. The army is to be established on basis of conscription, regardless of background.
  5. Appointment to the government is to be based on merit alone.
  6. Leather working
    Tanning

    Tanning is the process of making leather, which does not easily Decomposition, from the skins of animals, which do. Often this uses tannin, an acidic chemical compound....
    , acting
    Acting

    Acting is the work of an actor or actress, which is a person in theatre, television, film, or any other storytelling medium who tells the story by portraying a Fictional character and, usually, Speech communication or singing the written text or Play ....
    , and so on are to no longer be regarded as degrading work.
  7. Slavery
    Slavery

    Slavery is a form of forced labor where a person is compelled to Labor for another . Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive Remuneration in return for their labor....
     is abolished, as well as the sinbun (class
    Social class

    Social class refers to the hierarchy distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. Usually most societies have some notion of social class , but concretely defined social classes are not found in every known type of human societies....
    ) system.


At the time, the ruling Joseon Dynasty
Joseon Dynasty

Joseon , was a sovereign state founded by Taejo Taejo of Joseon, and lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo Kingdom at what is today the city of Kaesong....
 was under intense pressure from outside to open up, reform, and modernize, with Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
, and the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 competing for influence in the country.






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The Gabo Reform describes a series of sweeping reforms introduced in Korea
Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....
 (at that time called Joseon
Joseon

Joseon, Choson, or Chosun are English spellings of the Korean word for North Korea, during various periods of its history :*Gojoseon, the first Korean kingdom(legend period founded by Chinese Adherents or Displaced persons), from 2333 BC to 108 BC....
) beginning in 1894 and ending in 1896, during the reign of King Gojong, in response to the Donghak Rebellion. Historians debate the degree of Japanese influence in this program, as well as its effect in encouraging modernization.

The Gabo Reform is similar to the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration

The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure....
 in Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 and produced the following sweeping changes and declarations:
  1. Korea is a sovereign country (i.e., completely independent from China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
    ).
  2. Only the King (and not the Yangban
    Yangban

    The Yangban were part of the traditional ruling class of dynastical Korea during the Joseon dynasty. Yangban were landed or unlanded gentry who comprised the Confucianism idea of a "scholarly official", and thus were part of the agrarian bureaucracy within Korea prior to 1910 during the Joseon Dynasty....
     elite) is to control the government.
  3. Those with talent are to be allowed to study.
  4. The army is to be established on basis of conscription, regardless of background.
  5. Appointment to the government is to be based on merit alone.
  6. Leather working
    Tanning

    Tanning is the process of making leather, which does not easily Decomposition, from the skins of animals, which do. Often this uses tannin, an acidic chemical compound....
    , acting
    Acting

    Acting is the work of an actor or actress, which is a person in theatre, television, film, or any other storytelling medium who tells the story by portraying a Fictional character and, usually, Speech communication or singing the written text or Play ....
    , and so on are to no longer be regarded as degrading work.
  7. Slavery
    Slavery

    Slavery is a form of forced labor where a person is compelled to Labor for another . Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive Remuneration in return for their labor....
     is abolished, as well as the sinbun (class
    Social class

    Social class refers to the hierarchy distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. Usually most societies have some notion of social class , but concretely defined social classes are not found in every known type of human societies....
    ) system.


At the time, the ruling Joseon Dynasty
Joseon Dynasty

Joseon , was a sovereign state founded by Taejo Taejo of Joseon, and lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo Kingdom at what is today the city of Kaesong....
 was under intense pressure from outside to open up, reform, and modernize, with Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
, and the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 competing for influence in the country. The Gabo Reform was largely the work of a group of pro-Japanese
Chinilpa

Chinilpa is a Korean language word that denotes Koreans who collaborated with the Japan government during its Korea under Japanese rule , or shortly before ....
 public officials.

The name Gabo (??; ??
Hanja

Hanja is the Korean language name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese language and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation....
) comes from the name of the year 1894 in the traditional Korean sexagesimal cycle.

See also

  • List of Korea-related topics
    List of Korea-related topics

    This is a list of articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. For help on how to use this list, see the #Introduction below....
  • History of Korea
    History of Korea

    The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC, and the Neolithic period began before 6000 BC, followed by the Bronze Age around 2500 BC....
  • Joseon dynasty
    Joseon Dynasty

    Joseon , was a sovereign state founded by Taejo Taejo of Joseon, and lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo Kingdom at what is today the city of Kaesong....