Fédération d'action nationale et européenne
Encyclopedia
The Fédération d'action nationale et européenne (FANE) was a small French far-right organisation founded in April 1966. Openly Neo-Nazi, it was led by Mark Fredriksen
, a bank employee who became involved in activism for French Algeria
after serving in the paras (paratroopers) there. FANE brought together three movements: Action-Occident, the Cercle Charlemagne and the Comité de soutien à l'Europe réelle.
's Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
(GNR), and a news sheet, L'Immonde, which exalted "National-Socialist and White" Europe
and proclaimed the "struggle to the death against the Judeo
-materialist
hydra
." Members of FANE included Luc Michel
, now leader of the Parti communautaire national-européen
(National European Community Party), Jacques Bastide, Michel Faci, Michel Caignet and Henri-Robert Petit
, a journalist and former Collaborationist who directed the newspaper Le Pilori under the Vichy regime. The FANE maintained international contacts with the British group the League of Saint George
.
The FANE rallied Jean-Marie Le Pen
's National Front in 1974, gathered around François Duprat
and Alain Renault's Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
(GNR). They broke again with the FN in 1978, taking with them parts of the FNJ members (youth organization of the FN).
After this brief spell in the FN, Fredriksen created the Faisceaux Nationalistes Européens (FNE) in July 1980. This group would eventually merge with the Mouvement national et social ethniste in 1987, and then with the French and European Nationalist Party
(PNFE) in January 1994.
The FANE was dissolved in September 1980 by a decree
of the Council of Ministers on September 30, 1980, under the third cabinet of Raymond Barre
. Recreated, it was dissolved again on January 23, 1985 by Laurent Fabius
's government, and a third time on September 16, 1987 by Jacques Chirac
's government, on charges of "violent demonstrations organized by this movement, which has as one of its expressed objectives the establishment of a new Nazi regime," the "paramilitary
organisation of this association and its incitations to racial discrimination."
Mark Fredriksen
Mark Fredriksen as a French extreme right figure and the founder, in 1966, of the neo-Nazi Fédération d'action nationaliste et européenne....
, a bank employee who became involved in activism for French Algeria
French Algeria
French Algeria lasted from 1830 to 1962, under a variety of governmental systems. From 1848 until independence, the whole Mediterranean region of Algeria was administered as an integral part of France, much like Corsica and Réunion are to this day. The vast arid interior of Algeria, like the rest...
after serving in the paras (paratroopers) there. FANE brought together three movements: Action-Occident, the Cercle Charlemagne and the Comité de soutien à l'Europe réelle.
Ideology and history
FANE activity was limited, with the group boasting at most a hundred activists. It published a review, Notre Europe, related to François DupratFrançois Duprat
François Duprat was a writer and Holocaust denier. He was known also for being a founding member of the Front National party and part of the leadership until his assassination in 1978.-Biography:...
's Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
The Revolutionary Nationalist Groups were a French far-right organization which gathered the nationalist revolutionary tendency between 1976 and 1978....
(GNR), and a news sheet, L'Immonde, which exalted "National-Socialist and White" Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and proclaimed the "struggle to the death against the Judeo
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
-materialist
Materialism
In philosophy, the theory of materialism holds that the only thing that exists is matter; that all things are composed of material and all phenomena are the result of material interactions. In other words, matter is the only substance...
hydra
Lernaean Hydra
In Greek mythology, the Lernaean Hydra was an ancient nameless serpent-like chthonic water beast, with reptilian traits, that possessed many heads — the poets mention more heads than the vase-painters could paint, and for each head cut off it grew two more — and poisonous breath so virulent even...
." Members of FANE included Luc Michel
Luc Michel
Luc Michel is a far-left Belgian political activist and supporter of the ideas of Jean-François Thiriart...
, now leader of the Parti communautaire national-européen
Parti Communautaire National-Européen
The Parti communautaire national-européen is a Belgium-based political organisation led by Luc Michel, a former member of the Neo-Nazi FANE party. A largely National Bolshevik movement, it also has activists in France....
(National European Community Party), Jacques Bastide, Michel Faci, Michel Caignet and Henri-Robert Petit
Henri-Robert Petit
Henri Petit was a French journalist, Collaborationist under the Vichy regime and far-right activist....
, a journalist and former Collaborationist who directed the newspaper Le Pilori under the Vichy regime. The FANE maintained international contacts with the British group the League of Saint George
League of Saint George
The League of St. George is a Neo-Nazi organization based in the United Kingdom.-History:The League was formed around 1974 as a political club by Keith Thompson and Mike Griffin as a breakaway from the Action Party, founded by British fascist, Oswald Mosley. The League sought to continue what it...
.
The FANE rallied Jean-Marie Le Pen
Jean-Marie Le Pen
Jean-Marie Le Pen is a French far right-wing and nationalist politician who is founder and former president of the Front National party. Le Pen has run for the French presidency five times, most notably in 2002, when in a surprise upset he came second, polling more votes in the first round than...
's National Front in 1974, gathered around François Duprat
François Duprat
François Duprat was a writer and Holocaust denier. He was known also for being a founding member of the Front National party and part of the leadership until his assassination in 1978.-Biography:...
and Alain Renault's Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
The Revolutionary Nationalist Groups were a French far-right organization which gathered the nationalist revolutionary tendency between 1976 and 1978....
(GNR). They broke again with the FN in 1978, taking with them parts of the FNJ members (youth organization of the FN).
After this brief spell in the FN, Fredriksen created the Faisceaux Nationalistes Européens (FNE) in July 1980. This group would eventually merge with the Mouvement national et social ethniste in 1987, and then with the French and European Nationalist Party
French and European Nationalist Party
The French and European Nationalist Party was a minor French far right political group founded in 1987. It was led by Claude Cornilleau and despite its name was not a political party in the conventional sense...
(PNFE) in January 1994.
The FANE was dissolved in September 1980 by a decree
Decree
A decree is a rule of law issued by a head of state , according to certain procedures . It has the force of law...
of the Council of Ministers on September 30, 1980, under the third cabinet of Raymond Barre
Raymond Barre
Raymond Octave Joseph Barre was a French centre-right politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three Presidents and later served as Prime Minister under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing from 1976 until 1981...
. Recreated, it was dissolved again on January 23, 1985 by Laurent Fabius
Laurent Fabius
Laurent Fabius is a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. He was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, so far, the youngest Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic.-Early life:...
's government, and a third time on September 16, 1987 by Jacques Chirac
Jacques Chirac
Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
's government, on charges of "violent demonstrations organized by this movement, which has as one of its expressed objectives the establishment of a new Nazi regime," the "paramilitary
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....
organisation of this association and its incitations to racial discrimination."