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Furazolidone

 

 
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Furazolidone
 
 
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Furazolidone is an antibacterial. It is marketed by Roberts Laboratories under the brand name Furoxone and by GlaxoSmithKline
GlaxoSmithKline

GlaxoSmithKline plc is a United Kingdom-based pharmaceutical industry, biological, and healthcare company. GSK is the world's second largest pharmaceutical company and a research-based company with a wide portfolio of pharmaceutical products covering anti-infectives, central nervous system, respiratory, gastro-intestinal/metabolic,...
 as Dependal-M.

s used to treat diarrhoea and enteritis
Enteritis

In medicine, enteritis refers to inflammation of the small intestine. See also inflammation of related organs of the gastrointestinal system: gastritis , gastroenteritis , colitis , and enterocolitis ....
 caused by bacteria
Bacteria

The Bacteria are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals....
 or protozoa
Protozoa

Protozoan are microorganisms classified as unicellular eukaryotes. While there is no exact definition of the term "protozoan", most scientists use the word to refer to a unicellular heterotrophic protist, such as an amoeba or a ciliate....
n infections.

It has been used in aquaculture
Aquaculture

Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Unlike fishing, aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, implies the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions....
.

zolidone is also used for Giardiasis
Giardiasis

IntroductionGiardiasis in humans is caused by the infection of the small bowel by a single-celled organism called Giardia lamblia. Giardiasis occurs worldwide with a prevalence of 20-30% in developing countries....
 (due to Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia

File:Giardia life cycle en.svgGiardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite that colonises and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis....
), though it is not a first line treatment.

zolidone is also used to treat traveler's diarrhoea, cholera
Cholera

Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae....
, and bacteremic salmonellosis
Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae that causes typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and the foodborne illness salmonellosis....
.

As a veterinary medicine
Veterinary medicine

Veterinary medicine is that branch of medical science,which deals with the study of diagnosis,treatment and prevention of diseases in companion,domestic, exotic, wildlife and production animals....
, furazolidone has been used with some success to treat salmon
Salmon

Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the family are called trout,the difference is often attributed to the migratory life of the salmon as compared to the residential behaviour of trout, this holds true for the Atlantic salmon....
ids for Myxobolus cerebralis
Myxobolus cerebralis

Myxobolus cerebralis is a myxosporean parasite of salmonidaes that causes whirling disease in fish farming salmon and trout and also in fish stocks....
 infections.

Use in treating Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophile bacterium that inhabits various areas of the stomach and duodenum. It causes a chronic low-level inflammation of the stomach lining and is strongly linked to the development of duodenal and gastric peptic ulcers and stomach cancer bacteria....
 infections has been proposed.

s believed to work by crosslinking of DNA
Crosslinking of DNA

Crosslinks in DNA occur when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two different positions in the DNA. This can either occur in the same strand or in the opposite strands of the DNA ....
.

zolidone is no longer available in the US.






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Encyclopedia


Furazolidone is an antibacterial. It is marketed by Roberts Laboratories under the brand name Furoxone and by GlaxoSmithKline
GlaxoSmithKline

GlaxoSmithKline plc is a United Kingdom-based pharmaceutical industry, biological, and healthcare company. GSK is the world's second largest pharmaceutical company and a research-based company with a wide portfolio of pharmaceutical products covering anti-infectives, central nervous system, respiratory, gastro-intestinal/metabolic,...
 as Dependal-M.

Uses

It is used to treat diarrhoea and enteritis
Enteritis

In medicine, enteritis refers to inflammation of the small intestine. See also inflammation of related organs of the gastrointestinal system: gastritis , gastroenteritis , colitis , and enterocolitis ....
 caused by bacteria
Bacteria

The Bacteria are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals....
 or protozoa
Protozoa

Protozoan are microorganisms classified as unicellular eukaryotes. While there is no exact definition of the term "protozoan", most scientists use the word to refer to a unicellular heterotrophic protist, such as an amoeba or a ciliate....
n infections.

It has been used in aquaculture
Aquaculture

Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Unlike fishing, aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, implies the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions....
.

Protozoan

Furazolidone is also used for Giardiasis
Giardiasis

IntroductionGiardiasis in humans is caused by the infection of the small bowel by a single-celled organism called Giardia lamblia. Giardiasis occurs worldwide with a prevalence of 20-30% in developing countries....
 (due to Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia

File:Giardia life cycle en.svgGiardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite that colonises and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis....
), though it is not a first line treatment.

Bacterial

Furazolidone is also used to treat traveler's diarrhoea, cholera
Cholera

Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae....
, and bacteremic salmonellosis
Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae that causes typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and the foodborne illness salmonellosis....
.

As a veterinary medicine
Veterinary medicine

Veterinary medicine is that branch of medical science,which deals with the study of diagnosis,treatment and prevention of diseases in companion,domestic, exotic, wildlife and production animals....
, furazolidone has been used with some success to treat salmon
Salmon

Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the family are called trout,the difference is often attributed to the migratory life of the salmon as compared to the residential behaviour of trout, this holds true for the Atlantic salmon....
ids for Myxobolus cerebralis
Myxobolus cerebralis

Myxobolus cerebralis is a myxosporean parasite of salmonidaes that causes whirling disease in fish farming salmon and trout and also in fish stocks....
 infections.

Use in treating Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophile bacterium that inhabits various areas of the stomach and duodenum. It causes a chronic low-level inflammation of the stomach lining and is strongly linked to the development of duodenal and gastric peptic ulcers and stomach cancer bacteria....
 infections has been proposed.

Mechanism

It is believed to work by crosslinking of DNA
Crosslinking of DNA

Crosslinks in DNA occur when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two different positions in the DNA. This can either occur in the same strand or in the opposite strands of the DNA ....
.

Side effects

Furazolidone is no longer available in the US. Though an affective antibiotic when all others fail, against extremely drug resistant infections, it has many side effects, and as with other nitrofuran
Nitrofuran

Nitrofurans are a class of drugs typically used as antibiotics or antimicrobials. The defining structural component is a furan ring with a nitro group....
s generally, minimum inhibitory concentration
Minimum inhibitory concentration

Minimum inhibitory concentration , in microbiology, is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible cell growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation....
s also produce systemic toxicity (tremors, convulsions, periferal neuritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, depression of spermatogenesis.) Nitrofurans are recognized by FDA as mutagens/carcinogens, and can no longer be used since 1991.