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In cinematography
Cinematography

Cinematography , is the making of Stage lighting and camera choices when recording photographic s for the film. It is closely related to the art of photography....
, full frame refers to the use of the full film gate
Film gate

The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light. The film gate can be seen by removing the Photographic lens and rotating the shutter angle out of the way....
 at maximum width and height for 35 mm film
35 mm film

35 mm film is the basic film gauge most commonly used for both still photography and motion pictures, and remains relatively unchanged since its introduction in 1892 by William Dickson and Thomas Edison, using film stock supplied by George Eastman....
 cameras
Movie camera

The movie camera is a type of photography camera which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on strips of photographic film. In contrast to a still camera, which captures a single snapshot at a time, the movie camera takes a series of images, each called a "frame"....
. It is sometimes also referred to as silent aperture, full gate, or a number of other similar word combinations. It is the original gate size pioneered by William Dickson
William Dickson (film pioneer)

William Kennedy Laurie Dickson was anEngland-Scottish inventor who devised an early film movie camera under the employ of Thomas Edison ....
 and Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison

Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb....
 in 1892 and first used in the short film Blacksmithing Scene. Full frame is generally used by all 4-perf
Negative pulldown

Negative pulldown is a characteristic of motion picture film formats. It refers to the number of film perforations that each film frame occupies, as well as whether they are pulled horizontally or vertically....
 films, whether silent, standard 35 (Academy ratio
Academy ratio

The Academy ratio of 1.375:1 is an aspect ratio of a frame of 35mm film when used with negative pulldown. It was standardized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as the standard film aspect ratio in 1932, although it was used as early as 1928....
 width), or Super 35.






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In cinematography
Cinematography

Cinematography , is the making of Stage lighting and camera choices when recording photographic s for the film. It is closely related to the art of photography....
, full frame refers to the use of the full film gate
Film gate

The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light. The film gate can be seen by removing the Photographic lens and rotating the shutter angle out of the way....
 at maximum width and height for 35 mm film
35 mm film

35 mm film is the basic film gauge most commonly used for both still photography and motion pictures, and remains relatively unchanged since its introduction in 1892 by William Dickson and Thomas Edison, using film stock supplied by George Eastman....
 cameras
Movie camera

The movie camera is a type of photography camera which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on strips of photographic film. In contrast to a still camera, which captures a single snapshot at a time, the movie camera takes a series of images, each called a "frame"....
. It is sometimes also referred to as silent aperture, full gate, or a number of other similar word combinations. It is the original gate size pioneered by William Dickson
William Dickson (film pioneer)

William Kennedy Laurie Dickson was anEngland-Scottish inventor who devised an early film movie camera under the employ of Thomas Edison ....
 and Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison

Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb....
 in 1892 and first used in the short film Blacksmithing Scene. Full frame is generally used by all 4-perf
Negative pulldown

Negative pulldown is a characteristic of motion picture film formats. It refers to the number of film perforations that each film frame occupies, as well as whether they are pulled horizontally or vertically....
 films, whether silent, standard 35 (Academy ratio
Academy ratio

The Academy ratio of 1.375:1 is an aspect ratio of a frame of 35mm film when used with negative pulldown. It was standardized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as the standard film aspect ratio in 1932, although it was used as early as 1928....
 width), or Super 35. The introduction of Academy ratio in 1932 required that the lens mount
Lens mount

A lens mount is an interface ? mechanical and often also electrical ? between a photographic camera body and a lens. It is confined to cameras where the body allows interchangeable lenses, most usually the single lens reflex type or any movie camera of 16 mm or higher film gauge....
 needed to be shifted slightly horizontally to re-center the lens at the new center of frame; however, the gate size did not change as the extra negative information would be cropped out by lab processes in post-production. 4-perf Super 35 is nearly identical to the original full frame standard, although the lens mount requires vertical re-centering when common topline extraction is used. It should also be noted that hard mattes for all common ratios exist and either replace the film gate itself or are inserted within it. However, these are usually not used in the event that any reframing needs to be done.

Technical Specifications

Standardized by SMPTE
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers or SMPTE, , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE, is an international professional association, based in the United States of America, of engineers working in the motion imaging industries....
.

as per 35 mm film
35 mm film

35 mm film is the basic film gauge most commonly used for both still photography and motion pictures, and remains relatively unchanged since its introduction in 1892 by William Dickson and Thomas Edison, using film stock supplied by George Eastman....
, except:
  • aspect ratio: 4:3
  • camera aperture: 0.980" by 0.735"
  • projection aperture (silent): 0.931" by 0.698"


See also

  • List of film formats
    List of film formats

    This list of film formats catalogues formats developed for shooting or viewing motion pictures, ranging from the Chronophotographe format from 1888, to mid-20th century formats such as the 1953 CinemaScope format, to more recent formats such as the 1992 IMAX#IMAX_HD format....
  • Silent film
    Silent film

    A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially spoken dialogue. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, synchronized dialogue was only made possible in the late 1920s with the introduction of the Vitaphone system....