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A full breakfast is a traditional cooked meal, typically and originally eaten at breakfast
Breakfast

Breakfast is a meal eaten after a long period of sleep, most often eaten in the morning. The word came about because it means breaking the fast after one has not eaten since the night before....
, though now often served at other times during the day (this is particularly true of the Ulster Fry, described below).

The full breakfast traditionally comprises several fried foods, usually including bacon
Bacon

Bacon is a cut of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back of a pig, then Curing , Smoking , or both. Meat from other animals, such as beef, Lamb and mutton, chicken, goat, or turkey , may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon....
 and egg
Egg (food)

An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves....
s, (vegetarian alternatives exist) and is popular throughout the British Isles and other parts of the English-speaking world.






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Encyclopedia


Full English Breakfast
A full breakfast is a traditional cooked meal, typically and originally eaten at breakfast
Breakfast

Breakfast is a meal eaten after a long period of sleep, most often eaten in the morning. The word came about because it means breaking the fast after one has not eaten since the night before....
, though now often served at other times during the day (this is particularly true of the Ulster Fry, described below).

The full breakfast traditionally comprises several fried foods, usually including bacon
Bacon

Bacon is a cut of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back of a pig, then Curing , Smoking , or both. Meat from other animals, such as beef, Lamb and mutton, chicken, goat, or turkey , may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon....
 and egg
Egg (food)

An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves....
s, (vegetarian alternatives exist) and is popular throughout the British Isles and other parts of the English-speaking world. Depending on where it is served, it is called bacon and eggs, a fry, a fry up, The Great British breakfast, a full English breakfast, a full Irish breakfast, a full Scottish breakfast, a full Welsh breakfast or an Ulster fry. The complement of the breakfast varies depending on the location and which of these descriptions is used.

Origin


E. Cobham Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, published in 1898, describes a full breakfast, calling it a Scotch breakfast. He describes it as "a substantial breakfast of sundry sorts of good things to eat and drink."

Tradition


Bacon and Eggs
Many cafés and supermarkets serve the fry-up as an "all-day breakfast". The fry-up can be accompanied by orange juice
Orange juice

Orange juice is a popular beverage. It is a source of vitamin C , potassium, folic acid . Citrus juices also contain flavonoids that are believed to have beneficial health effects....
 and tea
Tea

Tea refers to the agricultural products of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods....
 or coffee
Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the Coffea. Caffeinated coffee has a stimulating effect in humans....
.

In hotel
Hotel

----A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including Bathroom#Types of bathroomss and air conditioning or clima...
s and bed-and-breakfasts, a full breakfast might include additional courses such as cereal, porridge
Porridge

Porridge, or porage, is a simple dish made by boiling oats or another cereal in water, milk, or both. It is eaten in a flat bowl or a dish....
, kippers
KIPPERS

KIPPERS is a term to describe individuals in their late twenties or early thirties that are living in their parent's homes. They may or may not be earning an income....
, toast and jam or marmalade
Marmalade

Marmalade is a fruit fruit preserves usually made of citrus fruits. British-style marmalade is sweet marmalade with a bitter tang made from fruit, sugar, water, zest and a gelling agent....
, kedgeree
Kedgeree

Kedgeree is a dish consisting of flaked fish , boiled rice, egg and butter. The dish originated from Scotland and was taken to India by Scottish troops during the British Raj, where it was adapted and adopted as part of Indian cuisine....
, or devilled kidneys
Devilled kidneys

Devilled kidneys is a Victorian era United Kingdom breakfast dish consisting of domestic sheep's kidneys cooked in a mixture of Worcestershire sauce, mushroom, ketchup, Mustard , butter, cayenne pepper, salt, and black pepper....
. Fruit juice and dry cereal were added to the breakfast after 1950. The term "full breakfast" is used to differentiate between the larger multiple course breakfast, and the simpler continental breakfast of tea, coffee and fruit juices, with croissant
Croissant

A croissant is a buttery flaky pastry, named for its distinctive crescent shape. It is also sometimes called a crescent or crescent roll....
s or pastries.

Typical ingredients


The ingredients of a fry-up vary according to region and taste. The bacon (often called rashers) and eggs are traditionally fried, but grilled bacon, poached egg
Poached egg

A poached egg is an Egg that has been cooked by poaching , that is, in water. No oil or fat is used in its preparation. Poached eggs are used in Eggs Benedict and Eggs Florentine....
s, or scrambled eggs
Scrambled eggs

Scrambled eggs is a dish made from beaten Egg white and Egg yolk of Egg . Beaten eggs are put into a hot greased pan and stirred frequently, forming curds as they coagulate....
 may be offered as alternatives. These are accompanied by toast
Toast

Toast is sliced bread which has been browned by exposure to dry heat . This browning reaction is a form of the Maillard reaction. Toasting warms the bread, making it more pleasant to eat for some, and makes it crisp such that it holds toppings more securely....
, which may be fried.

Some of the additional ingredients that might be offered as part of a full breakfast include:
  • toast
    Toast

    Toast is sliced bread which has been browned by exposure to dry heat . This browning reaction is a form of the Maillard reaction. Toasting warms the bread, making it more pleasant to eat for some, and makes it crisp such that it holds toppings more securely....
    , fried bread
    Fried bread

    Fried bread or fried slice is bread, sliced, frying and served as part of, or as an accompaniment to, a meal.A United Kingdom Full breakfast may include fried bread, as may the traditional Full breakfast....
    , English muffin
    English muffin

    A muffin , also known as a hot muffin, or a breakfast muffin, is a round, yeast-leavened form of bread almost always dusted with cornmeal....
    s, or scones
    Scone (bread)

    File:Tea and scones.jpgThe scone is a small United Kingdom quickbread of Scotland origin. Scones are especially popular in the United Kingdom, but are eaten in many other countries....
  • soda bread
    Soda bread

    Soda bread is a type of quick bread in which baking soda is used for leavening rather than the more common yeast. The ingredients of traditional soda bread are flour, Sodium bicarbonate, salt, and buttermilk....
  • potato bread
    Potato bread

    Potato bread is a form of bread in which potato replaces a portion of the regular wheat flour. It is cooked in a variety of methods, including by baking it on a hot griddle or pan, or in an oven....
     (also called "fadge")
  • sausage
    Sausage

    A sausage is a prepared food, usually made from ground meat, animal fat, salt, and spices , typically packed in a casing . Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique....
    s
  • black pudding
  • white pudding
    White pudding

    White pudding or oatmeal pudding is a meat dish popular in Scotland, Ireland, Northumberland, Iceland , Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador....
  • scrapple
    Scrapple

    Scrapple is a Mush of pork scraps and trimmings combined with cornmeal and flour, often buckwheat flour. The mush is formed into a loaf, and slices of the scrapple are then fried before serving....
     (in the Midatlantic US)
  • fried, grilled, or tinned tomato
    Tomato

    The Tomato is an herbaceous, usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, as are its close cousins Nicotiana, potatoes, aubergine , chilli peppers, and the poisonous Atropa belladonna....
    es
  • fried mushroom
    Mushroom

    A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, hence the word mushroom is most often applied to those fungi that have a stem , a cap , and gills on the unde...
    s
  • chips
  • baked beans
    Baked beans

    Baked beans is a dish consisting of beans, baking in a sauce. Most commercial canned baked beans are made from Common bean#White beanss, also known as Navy Beans - a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris - and sold in a sauce....
  • bubble and squeak
    Bubble and squeak

    Bubble and squeak is a traditional England dish made with the shallow-fried leftovers vegetables from a roast dinner. The chief ingredients are potato and cabbage, but carrots, peas, brussels sprouts, and other vegetables can be added....
  • sautéd potato
    Potato

    The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial plant Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family. The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well....
    es or hash brown
    Hash brown

    Hash browns or hashed browns are a simple potato preparation in which potato pieces are pan-Frying after being shredded, julienned, Dicing, or Rice ....
    s
  • condiment
    Condiment

    In the United Kingdom, a condiment used to be confined to salt, pepper, mustard and vinegar. Use of the term condiment has broadened and now is generally considered to be any prepared edible Chemical substance or mixture, often Food preservation or Fermentation , that is added in relatively small quantities, most often at the table...
    s such as brown sauce
    Steak sauce

    In the United States, steak sauce is a generic term derived from these pre-made sauces typically being served with steak in restaurants. A1 Steak Sauce is among the most prominent brands sold in the U.S....
     and ketchup
    Ketchup

    Ketchup, also known as tomato ketchup, tomato sauce, red sauce is a condiment, usually made from tomatoes. The primary ingredients in a typical modern ketchup are tomato concentrate, spirit vinegar, milk, corn syrup, or other sugar, edible salt, spice and herb extracts , spice and garlic powder....
  • pancakes (in the USA, Canada, and Ireland)
  • grits
    Grits

    Grits is a Native Americans in the United States maize-based food common in the Southern United States, consisting of coarsely ground maize. Grits can also be made from wheat....
     in the Southern United States
    Southern United States

    The Southern United States—commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South—constitutes a large distinctive region in the southeastern and south-central United States....
  • biscuit
    Biscuit

    File:Runny hunny.jpgA biscuit is a small Baking product; the exact meaning varies markedly in different parts of the world. The etymology of the word "biscuit" is from Latin language via Middle French and means "cooked twice", hence biscotti in Medieval Italian ....
    s (US-style, not British) and gravy
    Gravy

    Gravy is a sauce made often from the juices that run naturally from meat or vegetables during cooking. It is a smooth, non-chunky liquid. Ready-made bouillon cube and powders can be used as a substitute for natural meat or vegetable extracts....
     (normally sausage gravy), also in the American South and never in the UK


Regional variants


Full English breakfast

The normal ingredients of a traditional full English breakfast are bacon, eggs, fried or grilled tomatoes, fried mushrooms, fried bread or toast, and sausages, usually served with a mug of tea
Tea

Tea refers to the agricultural products of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods....
. Black pudding is added in some regions as well as fried leftover mashed potatoes (called Potato cake
Potato cake

Potato cakes may refer to different preparations of potatoes.In the U.S., the term commonly refers to a patty of hashed potatoes, a kind of hash brown....
s). Originally a way to use up leftover vegetables from the main meal of the day before, bubble and squeak
Bubble and squeak

Bubble and squeak is a traditional England dish made with the shallow-fried leftovers vegetables from a roast dinner. The chief ingredients are potato and cabbage, but carrots, peas, brussels sprouts, and other vegetables can be added....
, shallow-fried leftover vegetables with potato, has become a breakfast feature in its own right. Baked beans and hash browns are modern additions that have crept into many recipes.

When an English breakfast is ordered to contain everything available, it is often referred to as a "Full Monty", and often attributed to Field Marshal Montgomery, the prominent British military officer of World War II. However the OED
Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary , published by the Oxford University Press , is a comprehensive dictionary of the English language. Two fully-bound print editions of the OED have been published under its current name, in 1928 and 1989; as of December 2008 the dictionary's current editors have completed a quarter of the third edition....
 states that "Perhaps the most plausible (explanation) is that it is from a colloquial shortening of the name of Montague Maurice Burton (1885-1952), men's tailor, and referred originally to the purchase of a complete three-piece suit".

Full Irish breakfast

Irish Breakfast
In Ireland
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
, as elsewhere, the exact constituents of a full breakfast are matters of debate, depending on geographical area, personal taste and cultural affiliation. The most common ingredients are bacon (rashers), sausages, fried eggs, white pudding, black pudding, sometimes lamb's liver and toast, normally accompanied with black tea and milk. Potato cakes are sometimes served as well. Baked beans, fried tomatoes and/or mushrooms may sometimes be found served with a full Irish breakfast.

Ulster Fry

An Ulster Fry is a dish of fried
Frying

Frying is the cooking of food in oil or fat, a technique that originated in ancient Old_Kingdom around 2500BC. Chemically, oils and fats are the same, differing only in melting point, but the distinction is only made when needed....
 food that is popular throughout Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland

conventional_long_name = Northern Ireland|native_name= Tuaisceart ?ireannNorlin Airlann|motto =|image_map = Europe location N-IRL2.png...
 and the three counties of Ulster which lie in the Republic of Ireland (Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal). The Ulster fry is similar to the Irish fry.

A traditional Ulster fry consists of bacon, eggs, sausages (either pork
Pork

Pork is the culinary name for meat from the domestic pig . The word, pork, is often meant to denote specifically the fresh meat of the pig, but it can be used as an all-inclusive term, to include cured, smoked, or processed meats It is one of the most-commonly consumed meats worldwide, with evidence of pig animal husbandry dating back...
 or beef
Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle . Beef is one of the principal meats used in the cuisine of Australia, European cuisine and the Americas, and is also important in Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia....
), the farl
Farl

A farl is a term used in Ireland and Scotland for some roughly triangular flat breads and cakes, traditionally made by cutting a round into four pieces....
 form of soda bread
Soda bread

Soda bread is a type of quick bread in which baking soda is used for leavening rather than the more common yeast. The ingredients of traditional soda bread are flour, Sodium bicarbonate, salt, and buttermilk....
 (the farl split in half crossways to expose the inner bread and then fried with the exposed side down), potato bread
Potato bread

Potato bread is a form of bread in which potato replaces a portion of the regular wheat flour. It is cooked in a variety of methods, including by baking it on a hot griddle or pan, or in an oven....
 and tomatoes. Other common components include mushrooms, wheaten bread or pancakes. All this is traditionally fried
Frying

Frying is the cooking of food in oil or fat, a technique that originated in ancient Old_Kingdom around 2500BC. Chemically, oils and fats are the same, differing only in melting point, but the distinction is only made when needed....
 in lard
Lard

Lard is Domestic pig fat in both its Rendering and unrendered forms. Lard was commonly used in many cuisines as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a Spread similar to butter....
.

The Ulster Fry is not considered solely a breakfast dish as it is often served for lunch and dinner in households and cafés around the province. Emigrants have also popularised the serving of an Ulster Fry outside Northern Ireland.

From 2001-2007, a BBC Two Northern Ireland ident
Station identification

Station identification is the practice of radio or television stations or networks identifying themselves on air, typically by means of a call sign or brand name ....
 used during opt-outs of the network schedule featured the BBC Two logo of a figure 2 eating Ulster Fry at a table.

Full Scottish breakfast


In Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
, a square sliced sausage
Sliced sausage

Sliced sausage is a food product most often enjoyed in Scotland and North East England. Sausage meat ? which may be pork, beef, or a mixture of the two ? is set into a square and sliced into pieces generally about square by about thick....
 patty, black pudding, fried tomato
Tomato

The Tomato is an herbaceous, usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, as are its close cousins Nicotiana, potatoes, aubergine , chilli peppers, and the poisonous Atropa belladonna....
, tattie scone
Tattie scone

Tattie scones, tottie scones or potato scones are a regional variant of the savoury "griddle scone" which is especially popular in Scotland....
s, oatcake
Oatcake

}}An oatcake is a type of cracker or pancake, made from oatmeal, and sometimes flour as well. Oatcakes are cooked on a griddle.Oatcakes may be more familiar to United States in the form of their cousin, the Johnnycake, made of cornmeal, often cooked on a board, shovel, or even stones, just as the Scottish did in the past....
s and fruit pudding might also be served, along with the foundation of bacon and eggs.

Full Welsh breakfast

The traditional Welsh
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 breakfast include laverbread
Laverbread

#REDIRECT Laver #Laverbread...
, a seaweed
Seaweed

Seaweed is a loose colloquial term encompassing macroscopic, multicellular, benthos ocean algae. The term includes some members of the rhodophyta, phycophyta and green algae....
 purée which is mixed with oatmeal
Oatmeal

Oatmeal is a product of ground oat groats or a porridge made from this product . The term, 'oatmeal' can refer also to other products made from oat groats, such as steel-cut oats, crushed oats, and rolled oats....
, which is formed into patties and fried in bacon fat. Cockles
Cockle (bivalve)

Cockle is the common name for a group of small, edible, saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Cardiidae.Various species of cockles live in sandy sheltered beaches throughout the world....
 are also often eaten.

North America


A full North American breakfast consisting of streaky bacon
Bacon

Bacon is a cut of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back of a pig, then Curing , Smoking , or both. Meat from other animals, such as beef, Lamb and mutton, chicken, goat, or turkey , may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon....
, eggs, hash browns, toast and more is often referred to as a "country breakfast" in many areas of the USA's Midwest. The terms "fry" and "full breakfast" are not generally used in North America, though hotels may distinguish between a "Continental breakfast"
Breakfast

Breakfast is a meal eaten after a long period of sleep, most often eaten in the morning. The word came about because it means breaking the fast after one has not eaten since the night before....
 and "North American breakfast." "Bacon and eggs" as a meal name was popularised in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 by Edward Bernays
Edward Bernays

Edward Louis Bernays is considered one of the fathers of the field of public relations along with Ivy Lee. Combining the ideas of Gustave Le Bon and Wilfred Trotter on crowd psychology with the psychoanalysis ideas of his uncle, Sigmund Freud, Bernays was one of the first to attempt to manipulate public opinion using the subconscious....
 in the 1920s and 1930s. In order to promote sales of bacon
Bacon

Bacon is a cut of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back of a pig, then Curing , Smoking , or both. Meat from other animals, such as beef, Lamb and mutton, chicken, goat, or turkey , may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon....
, he conducted a survey of physicians and reported their recommendation that people eat hearty breakfasts. He sent the results of the survey to 5,000 physicians, along with publicity touting bacon and eggs
Egg (food)

An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves....
 as a hearty breakfast. In the Southern United States, it is typically known as a "big breakfast" or "Sunday breakfast," and usually consists of eggs
Egg (food)

An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves....
; bacon
Bacon

Bacon is a cut of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back of a pig, then Curing , Smoking , or both. Meat from other animals, such as beef, Lamb and mutton, chicken, goat, or turkey , may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon....
, sausage
Sausage

A sausage is a prepared food, usually made from ground meat, animal fat, salt, and spices , typically packed in a casing . Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique....
, and/or ham
Ham

Ham is the thigh and rump of pork, cut from the haunch of a pig or boar. Although it may be cooked and served fresh, most ham is Curing in some fashion....
 or steak
Steak

A steak is a slice of meat, typically beef. Most steaks are cut perpendicular to the muscle fibres, improving the perceived tenderness of the meat....
; grits
Grits

Grits is a Native Americans in the United States maize-based food common in the Southern United States, consisting of coarsely ground maize. Grits can also be made from wheat....
, toast
Toast

Toast is sliced bread which has been browned by exposure to dry heat . This browning reaction is a form of the Maillard reaction. Toasting warms the bread, making it more pleasant to eat for some, and makes it crisp such that it holds toppings more securely....
, and coffee
Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the Coffea. Caffeinated coffee has a stimulating effect in humans....
, and may also include pancakes or biscuits.

Central America

Important components of a Central America
Central America

Central America is a central geography region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmus portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast....
n full breakfast are sour cream
Sour cream

Sour cream is a dairy product rich in fats obtained by fermenting a regular cream by certain kinds of lactic acid bacteria. The bacterial culture, introduced either deliberately or naturally, sours and thickens the cream....
 and refried beans
Common bean

The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is an herbaceous annual plant domesticated independently in ancient Mesoamerica and the Andes, and now grown worldwide for its edible bean, popular both dry and as a green bean....
. Other ingredients include, ham or sausage, and eggs, much like a full breakfast elsewhere. Either tortilla
Tortilla

This aticle contains information about corn tortilla.For fluor tortilla, see: Flour tortilla For spanish tortilla, see: Tortilla_de_patatas...
s or toast
Toast

Toast is sliced bread which has been browned by exposure to dry heat . This browning reaction is a form of the Maillard reaction. Toasting warms the bread, making it more pleasant to eat for some, and makes it crisp such that it holds toppings more securely....
 are necessary while orange juice
Orange juice

Orange juice is a popular beverage. It is a source of vitamin C , potassium, folic acid . Citrus juices also contain flavonoids that are believed to have beneficial health effects....
 is often added as a drink.

See also

  • Brunch
    Brunch

    Brunch or bruncheon is a combination of breakfast and lunch. The term is a portmanteau of breakfast and lunch. Brunch is often served after a morning event or prior to an afternoon one, such as a wedding or sporting event....
  • Bubble and squeak
    Bubble and squeak

    Bubble and squeak is a traditional England dish made with the shallow-fried leftovers vegetables from a roast dinner. The chief ingredients are potato and cabbage, but carrots, peas, brussels sprouts, and other vegetables can be added....


External links