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Friedrich Hund (4 February 1896 - 31 March 1997) was a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
 from Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe is a city in the south west of Germany, in the States of Germany Baden-W?rttemberg, located near the France-German border.Founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, the surrounding town became the seat of two of the highest courts in Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany whose decisions have the force of a law, and the...
 known for his work on atoms and molecules.

Hund worked at the Universities of Rostock
University of Rostock

The University of Rostock is the university of the city Rostock, in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.Founded in 1419, it is the oldest and largest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area as well as the second oldest in northern Europe after the University of St Andrews....
, Leipzig
University of Leipzig

The University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest University in Europeand currently the List_of_universities_in_Germany#Universities_by_age university in Germany....
, Jena, Frankfurt am Main, and Göttingen.

Hund worked with such prestigious physicists as Schrödinger
Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schr?dinger was an Austrian theoretical physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schr?dinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933....
, Dirac
Paul Dirac

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, Order of Merit , Royal Society was a United Kingdom theoretical physicist. Dirac made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics....
, Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg

Werner Heisenberg was a German Theoretical physics who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory....
, Max Born
Max Born

Max Born was a Germany physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s....
, and Walter Bothe. At that time, he was Born's assistant, working with quantum interpretation of band spectra of diatomic molecules.

After his studies of mathematics, physics, and geography in Marburg and Göttingen, he worked as a private lecturer for theoretical physics in Göttingen (1925), professor in Rostock (1927), Leipzig (1929), Jena (1946), Frankfurt/Main (1951) and from 1957 again in Göttingen.






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Friedrich Hund (4 February 1896 - 31 March 1997) was a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
 from Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe is a city in the south west of Germany, in the States of Germany Baden-W?rttemberg, located near the France-German border.Founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, the surrounding town became the seat of two of the highest courts in Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany whose decisions have the force of a law, and the...
 known for his work on atoms and molecules.

Hund worked at the Universities of Rostock
University of Rostock

The University of Rostock is the university of the city Rostock, in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.Founded in 1419, it is the oldest and largest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area as well as the second oldest in northern Europe after the University of St Andrews....
, Leipzig
University of Leipzig

The University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest University in Europeand currently the List_of_universities_in_Germany#Universities_by_age university in Germany....
, Jena, Frankfurt am Main, and Göttingen.

Hund worked with such prestigious physicists as Schrödinger
Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schr?dinger was an Austrian theoretical physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schr?dinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933....
, Dirac
Paul Dirac

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, Order of Merit , Royal Society was a United Kingdom theoretical physicist. Dirac made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics....
, Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg

Werner Heisenberg was a German Theoretical physics who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory....
, Max Born
Max Born

Max Born was a Germany physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s....
, and Walter Bothe. At that time, he was Born's assistant, working with quantum interpretation of band spectra of diatomic molecules.

After his studies of mathematics, physics, and geography in Marburg and Göttingen, he worked as a private lecturer for theoretical physics in Göttingen (1925), professor in Rostock (1927), Leipzig (1929), Jena (1946), Frankfurt/Main (1951) and from 1957 again in Göttingen. Additionally he stayed in Copenhagen (1926) with Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr

Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Denmark physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922....
 and lectured on the atom at Harvard University
Harvard University

Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States, and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1636 by the colonial Massachusetts legislature, Harvard is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher learning in the United States....
 in Cambridge, Massachusetts (1928). He published more than 250 papers and essays. He made contributions to quantum theory - especially concerning the structure of the atom and the structure of molecular spectra. The Hund's rule was named after him and in 1926 he discovered the so-called tunnel effect or quantum tunnelling
Quantum tunnelling

In quantum mechanics, wave-mechanical tunneling is an evanescent wave that occurs because the behaviour of particles is governed by Schroedinger equation....
.

The Hund's cases, which are particular regimes in molecular angular momentum coupling
Angular momentum coupling

In quantum mechanics, the procedure of constructing eigenstates of total angular momentum out of eigenstates of separate angular momenta is called angular momentum coupling....
, and the Hund's rules
List of Hund's rules

In atomic physics, Hund's rules refer to a simple set of rules used to determine which is the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom....
, which govern electron configuration
Electron configuration

In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure....
s, are important in spectroscopy
Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function of wavelength . In fact, historically, spectroscopy referred to the use of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, e.g....
 and quantum chemistry
Quantum chemistry

Quantum chemistry is a branch of theoretical chemistry, which applies quantum mechanics and quantum field theory to address issues and problems in chemistry....
. In chemistry, the first of Hund's rules is especially important and is often referred to as simply Hund's Rule
Hund's rule of Maximum Multiplicity

As a part of the list of List of Hund's rules, Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity is an observational rule of atomic chemistry discovered by Friedrich Hund....
.

On the occasion of his 100th birthday, the book: Friedrich Hund: Geschichte der physikalischen Begriffe [history of physics terms] (Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford), Spektrum, Akademie Verlag 1996, ISBN 3-8274-0083-X was published. A review was also written by Werner Kutzelnigg
Werner Kutzelnigg

Werner Kutzelnigg, born on September 10, 1933 in Wien, Vienna, Austria, is a prominent theoretical chemistry. He is now emeritus Professor in the Chemistry Faculty, Ruhr-Universit?t Bochum, Germany....
.

Besides many different honors bestowed upon him, Friedrich Hund became an honorary citizen of Jena/Saale, and a street in Jena was named after him. Since June, 2004, a part of the new building of the Physics Department was given the Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 address. The same name was chosen for the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Göttingen.

He was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science

The International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science is an international scientific learned society covering all applications of Quantum mechanics to chemistry and chemical physics....
.

See also

  • List of Hund's rules
    List of Hund's rules

    In atomic physics, Hund's rules refer to a simple set of rules used to determine which is the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom....


External links