Friedenau
Encyclopedia
Friedenau is a locality (Ortsteil) within the borough (Bezirk) of Tempelhof-Schöneberg
Tempelhof-Schöneberg
Tempelhof-Schöneberg is the seventh borough of Berlin, formed in 2001 by merging the former boroughs of Tempelhof and Schöneberg.-Geography:...

 in Berlin, Germany. Per population density it is the highest one into the city.

Etymology

The origin of the name Friedenau is German; coming from the word Frieden (peace) and the suffix
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs...

 -au, referring to floodplain
Floodplain
A floodplain, or flood plain, is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge...

s. Hence Friedenau means "floodplain of peace".

History

In 1871 Friedenau was founded as a commuter town
Commuter town
A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential, from which most of the workforce commutes out to earn their livelihood. Many commuter towns act as suburbs of a nearby metropolis that workers travel to daily, and many suburbs are commuter towns...

 on the estates of the former Deutsch-Wilmersdorf
Wilmersdorf
Wilmersdorf is an inner city locality of Berlin, formerly a borough by itself but since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform a part of the new borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.-History:...

manor. The name was proposed by Hedwig Hähnel, wife of the architect Hermann Hähnel, in memory of the Peace Treaty of Frankfurt
Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)
The Treaty of Frankfurt was a peace treaty signed in Frankfurt on 10 May 1871, at the end of the Franco-Prussian War.- Summary :The treaty did the following:...

, ending the Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...

 in 1871. The name was adopted by Mr. Hähnel, then the director of the Landerwerb- und Bauverein auf Actien (inc.), which developed the real estate in the area. When in 1874 the area constituted as an independent municipality within the Province of Brandenburg
Province of Brandenburg
The Province of Brandenburg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946.-History:The first people who are known to have inhabited Brandenburg were the Suevi. They were succeeded by the Slavonians, whom Henry II conquered and converted to Christianity in...

, the denotation had already been established and became the official municipal name.

Friedenau opened its own non-denominational municipal cemetery, today's Städtischer Friedhof III
Städtischer Friedhof III
Städtischer Friedhof III is a cemetery in the Friedenau district of the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg in Berlin, Germany. Buried here are Ferruccio Busoni , Marlene Dietrich and Helmut Newton ....

, which soon grew too small. So in 1909 Friedenau bought a tract of land in Güterfelde (today a component of Stahnsdorf
Stahnsdorf
Stahnsdorf is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.-Geography:It is situated 20 km southwest of Berlin , and 12 km east of Potsdam.-History:...

) as additional graveyard, with the first burial taking place in 1913. Friedenau's municipal construction councillor Hans Altmann designed for the cemetery a mourning chapel, an office, a gardener's house, a flower shop, benches and a fountain as well as a net of paths replicating the streets net in Friedenau. Since June 1913 the cemetery was accessible via the so-called cemetery train line ending at Stahnsdorf station.

Friedenau joined with the town of Schöneberg
Schöneberg
Schöneberg is a locality of Berlin, Germany. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a separate borough including the locality of Friedenau. Together with the former borough of Tempelhof it is now part of the new borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg....

 in 1920 – under the latter's name – as the former 11th administrative borough of Greater Berlin
Greater Berlin Act
The Greater Berlin Act , in full the Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin , was a law passed by the Prussian government in 1920 that greatly expanded the size of the German capital of Berlin.-History:...

. In the short time from 29 April to 30 June 1945, when the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...

 occupied all Berlin, it was a borough in its own right, until it was reunified with Schöneberg as one borough within the American Sector of West Berlin
West Berlin
West Berlin was a political exclave that existed between 1949 and 1990. It comprised the western regions of Berlin, which were bordered by East Berlin and parts of East Germany. West Berlin consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors, which had been established in 1945...

.

The Güterfelde cemetery, since 1920 called Forest Cemetery of Schöneberg was operated since 1935 by Berlin's Borough of Wilmersdorf
Wilmersdorf
Wilmersdorf is an inner city locality of Berlin, formerly a borough by itself but since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform a part of the new borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.-History:...

, called Wilmersdorf Forest Cemetery Güterfelde . After 1945 the cemetery happened to be in the Soviet Zone of Occupation and later in the German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic
The German Democratic Republic , informally called East Germany by West Germany and other countries, was a socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city...

 (East Germany), thus with the increasing Eastern interdiction of West Berlin the cemetery grew inaccessible for the Friedenauers.

On 5 April 1986 a bomb exploded at the La Belle
1986 Berlin discotheque bombing
The 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing was a terrorist attack on the La Belle discothèque in West Berlin, Germany, an entertainment venue that was commonly frequented by United States soldiers...

 discotheque, Hauptstraße 78, killing a Turkish woman and two U.S. servicemen and injuring numerous people. A plaque marks the site.

Notable people

Friedenau has always been home to creative artists, especially of authors. Prominent residents include:
  • Max Bruch
    Max Bruch
    Max Christian Friedrich Bruch , also known as Max Karl August Bruch, was a German Romantic composer and conductor who wrote over 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin repertoire.-Life:Bruch was born in Cologne, Rhine Province, where he...

    , composer, Albestraße 3,
  • Hans Magnus Enzensberger
    Hans Magnus Enzensberger
    Hans Magnus Enzensberger , is a German author, poet, translator, and editor. He has also written under the pseudonym Andreas Thalmayr. He lives in Munich.- Life :...

    , poet and writer, Fregestraße 19,
  • Max Frisch
    Max Frisch
    Max Rudolf Frisch was a Swiss playwright and novelist, regarded as highly representative of German-language literature after World War II. In his creative works Frisch paid particular attention to issues relating to problems of human identity, individuality, responsibility, morality and political...

    , architect and writer, Sarrazinstraße 8,
  • Günter Grass
    Günter Grass
    Günter Wilhelm Grass is a Nobel Prize-winning German author, poet, playwright, sculptor and artist.He was born in the Free City of Danzig...

    , writer, Nobel laureate in Literature
    Nobel Prize in Literature
    Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...

    , Niedstraße 13,
  • Georg Hermann, writer, Bundesallee 68 and 108 (at that time Kaiserallee) and Stubenrauchstraße 5,
  • Theodor Heuss
    Theodor Heuss
    Theodor Heuss was a liberal German politician who served as the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany after World War II from 1949 to 1959...

    , the later President of Germany, Fregestraße 80,
  • Kurt Hiller
    Kurt Hiller
    Kurt Hiller also known as Keith Lurr and Klirr was a German essayist of high stylistic originality and a political journalist from a Jewish family. A socialist, he was deeply influenced by Immanuel Kant and Arthur Schopenhauer, despising the philosophy of G. W. F...

    , writer, Hähnelstraße 9,
  • Hannah Höch
    Hannah Höch
    Hannah Höch was a German Dada artist. She is best known for her work of the Weimar period, when she was one of the originators of photomontage.-Biography:...

    , artist, Büsingstraße 16,
  • Uwe Johnson
    Uwe Johnson
    Uwe Johnson was a German writer, editor, and scholar.- Life :Johnson was born in Kammin in Pomerania . His father was a Swedish-descent peasant from Mecklenburg and his mother was from Pommern...

    , writer, Niedstraße 14 and Stierstraße 3,
  • Erich Kästner
    Erich Kästner
    Emil Erich Kästner was a German author, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known for his humorous, socially astute poetry and children's literature.-Dresden 1899–1919:...

    , writer Niedstraße 5 (with his secretary Elfriede Mechnig),
  • Karl Kautsky
    Karl Kautsky
    Karl Johann Kautsky was a Czech-German philosopher, journalist, and Marxist theoretician. Kautsky was recognized as among the most authoritative promulgators of Orthodox Marxism after the death of Friedrich Engels in 1895 until the coming of World War I in 1914 and was called by some the "Pope of...

    , politician, Saarstraße 14,
  • Heinrich Klemme, film studio founder and director (The Pamir, 1959)
  • Adam Kuckhoff
    Adam Kuckhoff
    Adam Kuckhoff was a German writer, journalist, and resistance fighter in the Third Reich....

    , writer, resistance fighter
    German Resistance
    The German resistance was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to Adolf Hitler or the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945. Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime...

    , Wilhelmshöher Straße 18,
  • Friedrich Luft, drama critic, Bundesallee 74,
  • Rainer Maria Rilke
    Rainer Maria Rilke
    René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke , better known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was a Bohemian–Austrian poet. He is considered one of the most significant poets in the German language...

    , lyric poet, Rheingaustraße 8,
  • Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
    Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
    Karl Schmidt-Rottluff was a German expressionist painter and printmaker, and a member of Die Brücke.-Life and work:...

    , painter, Niedstraße 14 and Stierstraße 3,
  • Walter Trier
    Walter Trier
    Walter Trier was an illustrator, best known for his work for the children's books of Erich Kästner and the covers of the magazine Lilliput....

    , drawer and illustrator, Elsastraße 2,
  • Kurt Tucholsky
    Kurt Tucholsky
    Kurt Tucholsky was a German-Jewish journalist, satirist and writer. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Kaspar Hauser, Peter Panter, Theobald Tiger and Ignaz Wrobel. Born in Berlin-Moabit, he moved to Paris in 1924 and then to Sweden in 1930.Tucholsky was one of the most important journalists of...

    , satirist and writer, Bundesallee 79 (former Kaiserallee).
  • Herta Muller
    Herta Müller
    Herta Müller is a Romanian-born German novelist, poet and essayist noted for her works depicting the effects of violence, cruelty and terror, usually in the setting of Communist Romania under the repressive Nicolae Ceauşescu regime which she experienced herself...

    , Nobel Prize in literature 2009.

Transportation

Friedenau has access to the Berlin U-Bahn
Berlin U-Bahn
The Berlin is a rapid transit railway in Berlin, the capital city of Germany, and is a major part of the public transport system of that city. Opened in 1902, the serves 173 stations spread across ten lines, with a total track length of , about 80% of which is underground...

 network at Innsbrucker Platz station (U4
U4 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U4 is a line of the Berlin U-Bahn, and the second shortest after the U55 with a length of . It serves five stations, with only the termini being step-free.-History:...

) as well as at Bundesplatz, Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz
Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn)
Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the .Opened in 1971, this station was created by Rümmler. It was build just next to the grounding of the 1893 built church "Zum Guten Hirten". The place was named after Fr.Wilhelm the emperor Friedrich III. who died after only 99 days...

 and Walther-Schreiber-Platz
Walther-Schreiber-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn)
Walther-Schreiber-Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the .-Overview:The station is located in Friedenau, close to the borders with Steglitz....

 (U9
U9 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U9 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn. The line was opened on 28 August 1961 as Line G.-References:...

). S-Bahn
Berlin S-Bahn
The Berlin S-Bahn is a rapid transit system in and around Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It consists of 15 lines and is integrated with the mostly underground U-Bahn to form the backbone of Berlin's rapid transport system...

 service is available at the Bundesplatz and Innsbrucker Platz stations of the Ringbahn. The nearby Friedenau
Berlin-Friedenau railway station
Berlin-Friedenau is a railway station in Berlin, Germany. Though it is named after the nearby Friedenau locality, the station officially is located in the southern area of the Schöneberg district. It was opened in 1891 with the Wannseebahn rapid transit railway. Today it is served by the S1 line of...

 station of the S1
S1 (Berlin)
The S1 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates over:*the Prussian Northern Railway, opened on 10 July 1877 and electrified in 1925,*a short section of the Berlin-Szczecin railway, opened on 1 August 1842 and electrified in 1924,...

 line is actually situated in neighbouring Schöneberg
Schöneberg
Schöneberg is a locality of Berlin, Germany. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a separate borough including the locality of Friedenau. Together with the former borough of Tempelhof it is now part of the new borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg....

.

The locality can also be reached via Bundesautobahn 100
Bundesautobahn 100
is an Autobahn in Germany. The A 100 encloses the city centre of the German capital Berlin, running from the Wedding district of the Berlin-Mitte borough in a southwestern bow through Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf and Tempelhof-Schöneberg to Neukölln...

 (Stadtring) at Wexstraße and Innsbrucker Platz junctions and by Bundesautobahn 103
Bundesautobahn 103
is a short urban Autobahn in western Berlin, Germany connecting to the A 100. Before reunification, it was called the A 13.- External links :...

 (Westtangente), also Bundesstraße 1
Bundesstraße 1
The Bundesstraße 1 or B1 is a German federal highway running in an east-west direction from the Dutch border near Aachen to the Polish border at Küstrin-Kietz on the Oder River.-Route description:...

, at Saarstraße.
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