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Friability
 
 
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Friability means the ability to reduce a solid
Solid

A solid object is in the states of matter characterized by resistance to deformation and changes of volume. In other words, it has high values both of Young's modulus and of shear modulus; this contrasts e.g....
 substance into smaller pieces with little effort.

Often, substances designated as being hazardous, such as asbestos
Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring silicate mineral with long, thin fibrous crystals. The word asbestos is derived from a Greek language adjective meaning inextinguishable....
 or crystal
Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions....
line silica
Silicon dioxide

The chemical compound 'silicon dioxide', also known as 'silica' , is an oxide of silicon with a chemical formula of and has been known for its hardness since antiquity....
 are referred to as being friable if they are present in such a state
State of matter

States of matter are the distinct forms that different phase take on. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties....
 that it is possible for small particles to become dislodged, thus enabling them to become respirable (able to enter human lung
Lung

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart....
s), posing a health hazard.

A friable substance is any substance that can be reduced to fibres or finer particles by the action of comparatively little pressure
Pressure

Pressure is the force per unit area applied to an object in a direction surface normal to the surface. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure....
 or friction
Friction

File:Friction alt.svgFriction is the force resisting the relative lateral motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements in contact....
 on its mass
Mass

In physical science, mass refers to the degree of acceleration a body acquires when subject to a force: bodies with greater mass are accelerated less by the same force....
, such as inadvertently brushing up against the substance.






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Encyclopedia


Friability means the ability to reduce a solid
Solid

A solid object is in the states of matter characterized by resistance to deformation and changes of volume. In other words, it has high values both of Young's modulus and of shear modulus; this contrasts e.g....
 substance into smaller pieces with little effort.

Often, substances designated as being hazardous, such as asbestos
Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring silicate mineral with long, thin fibrous crystals. The word asbestos is derived from a Greek language adjective meaning inextinguishable....
 or crystal
Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions....
line silica
Silicon dioxide

The chemical compound 'silicon dioxide', also known as 'silica' , is an oxide of silicon with a chemical formula of and has been known for its hardness since antiquity....
 are referred to as being friable if they are present in such a state
State of matter

States of matter are the distinct forms that different phase take on. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties....
 that it is possible for small particles to become dislodged, thus enabling them to become respirable (able to enter human lung
Lung

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart....
s), posing a health hazard.

A friable substance is any substance that can be reduced to fibres or finer particles by the action of comparatively little pressure
Pressure

Pressure is the force per unit area applied to an object in a direction surface normal to the surface. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure....
 or friction
Friction

File:Friction alt.svgFriction is the force resisting the relative lateral motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements in contact....
 on its mass
Mass

In physical science, mass refers to the degree of acceleration a body acquires when subject to a force: bodies with greater mass are accelerated less by the same force....
, such as inadvertently brushing up against the substance. The term could also apply to any material that exhibits these properties. Examples include but are not limited to:

  • Typically ionically
    Ionic bond

    An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a non-metal ions through electrostatic attraction. In short, it is a bond formed by the attraction between two oppositely charged ions....
     bound
    Chemical bond

    A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds....
     substances <1 kg
    Kilogram

    The kilogram or kilogrammeThe spelling kilogram is used by the International Committee for Weights and Measures and the U.S....
    /L
    Litre

    The litre or liter is a unit of volume. There are two official symbols: the Latin letter L in lower and upper case . The lower case L is often written as a cursive l to avoid confusion with the number 1 in antiqua fonts....
     density
    Density

    The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is ....
    ,
  • Clumps of dried clay
    Clay

    Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals, which show plasticity through a variable range of water content, and which can be hardened when dried and/or fired....
    ,
  • Chalk
    Chalk

    Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. It forms under relatively deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates shed from micro-organisms called coccolithophores....
    ,
  • Stone
    Rock (geology)

    In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids.The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock....
    ,
  • Tablet
    Tablet

    A tablet is a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in Powder form, pressed or compacted into a solid. The excipients include binders, glidants and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting; disintegrants to ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours to mask the taste of bad-tasting activ...
    s,
  • Crackers
    Cracker (food)

    A cracker is a type of biscuit that developed from military hardtack and nautical ship biscuits....
    ,
  • Perlite
    Perlite

    Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content, typically formed by the hydration of obsidian. It occurs naturally and has the unusual property of greatly expanding when heated sufficiently....
  • Mineral fibres
    Mineral wool

    Mineral wool, also known as mineral fibers or man-made mineral fibers are fibers made from natural or synthetic minerals or metal oxides....
  • Polyurethane
    Polyurethane

    A polyurethane, commonly abbreviated PU, is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic chemistry units joined by carbamate links. Polyurethane polymers are formed by reacting a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups with another monomer containing at least two alcohol groups in the presence of a catalyst....
     (foam)


Tougher substances, such as concrete
Concrete

Concrete is a construction material composed of cement as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, construction aggregate , water , and Chemistry admixtures....
 may also be mechanically ground down and reduced to finely divided mineral dust. However, such substances are not generally considered friable because of the degree of difficulty involved in breaking the substance's chemical bonds through mechanical means. Some substances, such as polyurethane foams, can increase in friability with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (such as is present in sunlight).

See also

  • Asbestos abatement
    Asbestos abatement

    Many buildings contain asbestos, which was used in spray-applied flame retardant, thermal system insulation, and in a variety of other materials. Asbestos was sometimes "Flocking " above false ceilings, inside technical ducts, and in many other small spaces where firefighters would have difficulty gaining access....


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