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Fred Allen

 
Fred Allen

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Fred Allen



 
 
Fred Allen (born John Florence Sullivan May 31 1894 - March 17, 1956) was an American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 comedian
Comedian

A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain members of an audience, primarily by making them laughter. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, or employing prop comedy....
 whose absurdist, pointed radio
Radio

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiation with frequency below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation radio propagation by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space....
 show (1934–1949) made him one of the most popular and forward-looking humorists in the so-called classic era of American radio.

His best-remembered gag may be his long-running mock feud with friend and fellow comedian Jack Benny
Jack Benny

Jack Benny was an American comedian, vaudeville, and actor for radio programming, television, and film.Widely recognized as one of the leading American entertainers of the 20th century, Benny was known for his comic timing and his ability to get laughs with either a pregnant pause or a single expression, such as his signature exasperated "...
. Allen has been considered one of the more accomplished, daring and relevant humorists of his time.






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Quotations


California is a fine place to live — if you happen to be an orange.

I have just returned from Boston. It is the only sane thing to do if you find yourself up there.

The American arrives in Paris with a few French phrases he has culled from a conversational guide or picked up from a friend who owns a beret.

When I was a boy, I said, 'Daddy, take me to the zoo.' My father said, 'Son, when the zoo wants you, they'll come and get you'.

Imitation is the sincerest form of television.

You can take all the sincerity in Hollywood, place it in the navel of a firefly and still have room enough for three caraway seeds and a producer's heart.






Encyclopedia


Fred Allen (born John Florence Sullivan May 31 1894 - March 17, 1956) was an American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 comedian
Comedian

A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain members of an audience, primarily by making them laughter. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, or employing prop comedy....
 whose absurdist, pointed radio
Radio

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiation with frequency below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation radio propagation by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space....
 show (1934–1949) made him one of the most popular and forward-looking humorists in the so-called classic era of American radio.

His best-remembered gag may be his long-running mock feud with friend and fellow comedian Jack Benny
Jack Benny

Jack Benny was an American comedian, vaudeville, and actor for radio programming, television, and film.Widely recognized as one of the leading American entertainers of the 20th century, Benny was known for his comic timing and his ability to get laughs with either a pregnant pause or a single expression, such as his signature exasperated "...
. Allen has been considered one of the more accomplished, daring and relevant humorists of his time. A master adlibber, he constantly battled censorship and developed routines the style and substance of which influenced future comic talents, notably Stan Freberg
Stan Freberg

Stanley Victor Freberg is an United States author, recording artist, animation voice actor, comedian, radio personality, puppeteer, and advertising creative director....
. Perhaps more than anyone else of his generation, Fred Allen wielded influence that outlived both his contemporaries and the medium that made him famous.

Childhood

Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cambridge is a city in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England....
, to Irish Catholic
Irish Catholic

Irish Catholics is a term used to describe people of Catholic or Roman Catholic background who are Irish people or of Irish descent.The term is of note due to Irish immigration to many countries of the English speaking world, particularly as a result of the Irish Famine in the 1840s - 1850s, following which the population declined by over...
 parents, Allen barely knew his mother, Cecilia Herlihy Sullivan, who died of pneumonia
Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an Inflammation illness of the lung. Frequently, it is described as lung parenchyma/alveolus inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid ....
 when he was not quite three years old. His father, James Henry Sullivan, and his infant brother, Robert, were taken in by one of his mother's sisters, "my Aunt Lizzie", around whom he focused the first chapter of his second memoir, Much Ado About Me. The father was so shattered by the mother's death that, according to his son, he drank more heavily.

Aunt Lizzie, too, suffered: her husband, Michael, was partially paralyzed by lead poisoning shortly after they married, leaving him mostly unable to work, something Allen remembered as causing contention among Lizzie's sisters. Eventually, Allen's father remarried and offered his sons the choice between coming with him and his new wife or staying with Aunt Lizzie. Allen's younger brother chose to go with their father, but Allen decided to stay. "I never regretted it," he wrote.

Vaudeville

Allen took piano lessons as a boy, his father having brought an Emerson upright along when they moved in with his aunt. He learned exactly two songs -- "Hiawatha" and "Pitter, Patter, Little Raindrops" -- and would be asked to play "half or all my repertoire" when visitors came to the house. He also worked at the Boston Public Library, where he discovered a book about the origin and development of comedy. Enduring various upheavals at home (other aunts came and went, prompting several moves), Allen also took up juggling while learning as much as possible about comedy.

Some library co-workers planned to put on a show and asked him to do a bit of juggling and some of his comedy. When a girl in the crowd told him, "You're crazy to keep working here at the library; you ought to go on stage," Allen decided his career path was set.

Allen took a later job with a local piano company, added to his library work, and appeared at a number of amateur night competitions, soon taking the stage name Fred St. James and booking with the local vaudeville circuit at $30 a week, enough at that time to allow him to quit his jobs with the library and the piano company. Often billing himself as the world's worst juggler, Allen refined and advanced the mix of his clumsy juggling and the comic routines. He toured the world in a decade worth of vaudeville work during which a billing mixup provided the stage name change that stayed with him the rest of his life. Booked with a performer named Edgar Allen, he found the venue's front office scrambled the names, advertising Edgar James and Fred Allen.

While performing in vaudeville, Allen commissioned comic-strip artist Martin Branner
Martin Branner

Martin Branner , known to his friends as Mike Branner, was a cartoonist who created the popular comic strip Winnie Winkle....
 to cover a theatre curtain with an elaborate mural painting depicting a cemetery with a punchline on each gravestone. This was the cemetery where old jokes go to die. In Allen's act, the audiences would see the curtain (and have at least a minute to read its punchlines) before Allen made his entrance. Audiences often would be laughing at the curtain before Allen even appeared. Robert Taylor's biography of Allen includes an impressive full-length photo of Branner's curtain painting, and many of the punchlines are clearly legible in the photo.

Allen's wit was at times not intended for the vaudeville audience but rather for other professionals in show business. After one of his appearances failed one day, Allen made the best of it by circulating an obituary of his act on black-bordered funeral stationery.

Broadway

Allen gave vaudeville itself a timeline of 1875–1925 in Much Ado About Me, but he actually left vaudeville a few years earlier, moving to work in such Shubert Brothers stage productions as The Passing Show in 1922. The show played well in its runup to Broadway but lasted only ten weeks at the Winter Garden Theatre
Winter Garden Theatre

The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre theatre located at 1634 Broadway in midtown-Manhattan.It was built by William Kissam Vanderbilt in 1896 to be the American Horse Exchange....
. Allen did, however, take something far more lasting from the show: one of the show's chorus girls, Portland Hoffa
Portland Hoffa

Portland Hoffa , an United States of America comedienne, actor, and dancer, is remembered best as the stage and radio partner of her first husband, legendary humorist Fred Allen....
, who became his wife.

He also took good notices for his comic work in several of the productions, particularly Vogues and Greenwich Village Follies, and continued to develop his comic writing, even writing a column for Variety called "Near Fun." A salary dispute ended the column: Allen wanted only $60 a week to give up his theater work to become a full-time columnist, but his editor tried a sleight-of-hand based on the paper's ad rates to deny him. He spent his summer in Boston, honed his comic and writing skills even further, worked in a respectfully received duo that billed themselves as Fink and Smith, and played a few of the dying vaudeville houses.

He returned to New York to the pleasant surprise that Portland Hoffa was taking instruction to convert to Roman Catholicism. After the couple married, Allen began writing material for them to use together ("With a vaudeville act, Portland and I could be together, even if we couldn't find any work"), and the couple divided their time between the show business circuit, Allen's New England family home and Old Orchard Beach, Maine, in summers.

Radio

Fred Allen's first taste of radio came while he and Portland Hoffa waited for a promised slot in a new Arthur Hammerstein
Arthur Hammerstein

Arthur Hammerstein , was the uncle of Oscar Hammerstein II, was an opera producer and one of the writers of the song "Because of You ," a major hit for Tony Bennett in 1951....
 musical. In the interim, they appeared on a Chicago station
WLS (AM)

WLS is a Chicago radio station. The Call sign stand for World's Largest Store . The station operates on an AM broadcasting clear channel frequency of 890 kHz with a power of 50,000 watts, with In-band on-channel during the day, and C-QUAM AM Stereo at night ....
's program, WLS Showboat, into which, Allen recalled, "Portland and I were presented... to inject a little class into it." Their success in these appearances helped their theater reception; live audiences in the Midwest liked to see their radio favorites in person, even if Allen and Hoffa would be replaced by Bob Hope
Bob Hope

Bob Hope, Order of the British Empire, Order of St. Gregory the Great , was an British-born American comedian and actor who appeared in vaudeville, on Broadway theatre, and in radio, television and movies....
 when the radio show moved to New York several months afterward.

The couple eventually got their Hammerstein show, Polly, which opened in Delaware and made the usual tour before hitting Broadway. Also in that cast was a young Englishman named Archie Leach, who received as many good notices for his romantic appeal as Allen got for his comic work. Hammerstein retooled the show before bringing it to New York, replacing everyone but two women and Allen. Leach decided to buy an old car and drive to Hollywood. "What Archie Leach didn't tell me," Allen remembered, "was that he was going to change his name to Cary Grant
Cary Grant

Archibald Alec Leach , better known by his stage name, Cary Grant, was a British-born American actor. With his distinctive yet not quite placeable accent, he was noted as perhaps the foremost exemplar of the debonair leading man, handsome, virile, charismatic and charming....
."

Polly never succeeded in spite of several retoolings, but Allen did go on to successful shows like The Little Show (1929-30) and Three's a Crowd (1930-31), which eventually led to his full-time entry to radio in 1932.

"It's Town Hall Tonight!"

Allen first hosted The Linit Bath Club Revue on CBS
CBS

CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American radio network and television network. The name is derived from the initials of Columbia Broadcasting System, its former legal name....
, moving the show to NBC and becoming The Salad Bowl Revue (in a nod to new sponsor Hellmann's Mayonnaise) later in the year. The show became The Sal Hepatica Revue (1933-34), The Hour of Smiles (1934–35), and finally Town Hall Tonight (1935–40). Allen's perfectionism (odd to some, considering his deft ad-libs) caused him to leap from sponsor to sponsor until Town Hall Tonight allowed him to set his chosen milieu (either an urbane small town or a small neighborhood in the big city, depending on your interpretation) and finally established Allen as a bona fide radio star.

The hour-long show featured segments that would influence radio and, much later, television. Such news satires as Rowan and Martin's Laugh-Ins "Laugh-In Looks at the News" and Saturday Night Live
Saturday Night Live

Saturday Night Live is a weekly late-night 90-minute American sketch comedy/variety show filmed in New York City. It made its debut on October 11, 1975....
's "Weekend Update" owed their genesis to Town Hall Tonight's "The News Reel," later renamed "Town Hall News".

The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson

The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson is a late-night Talk/Chat show hosted by Johnny Carson under the The Tonight Show franchise from 1962 to 1992....
's "Mighty Carson Art Players" routines owed much, including its name, to Allen's Mighty Allen Art Players. Allen and company also satirized popular musical comedies and films of the day, including and especially Oklahoma!
Oklahoma! (film)

The 1943 musical play Oklahoma!, written by composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist/librettist Oscar Hammerstein II , was adapted into a musical film in 1955, starring Gordon MacRae, Shirley Jones , Rod Steiger, Charlotte Greenwood, Gloria Grahame, Gene Nelson, James Whitmore and Eddie Albert....
. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives — including his own.

The show that became
Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history. In 1940, Allen moved back to CBS
CBS

CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American radio network and television network. The name is derived from the initials of Columbia Broadcasting System, its former legal name....
 with a new sponsor and show name,
Texaco Star Theater
Texaco Star Theater

Texaco Star Theater, a comedy-variety show , was one of the first successful examples of United States television broadcasting. Remembered best as the show that made a household name out of comedian Milton Berle, the show's root was radio---first, in a manic late-1930s version starring Ed Wynn; then, the classic 1940-44 version, hosted b...
(every Wednesday at 9:00 p.m. EST on CBS). By 1942, he shortened the show to half an hour — under network and sponsor edict, not his own. He also chafed under being forced to give up a Town Hall Tonight signature, using barely-known and amateur guests effectively, in favor of booking more recognizable guests, though he liked many of those.

On NBC

He took over a year off due to hypertension and returned in 1945 with
The Fred Allen Show on NBC. Blue Bonnet Margarine, Tenderleaf Tea and Ford Motor Company were the sponsors for the rest of the show's life. Texaco revived Texaco Star Theater in 1948 on radio, and more successfully on television
Television

Television is a widely used telecommunication mass-media for transmitting and receiving moving , either monochrome or color, usually accompanied by sound....
, making an American icon out of star Milton Berle
Milton Berle

Milton Berle, born Milton Berlinger was an Emmy-winning United States comedian and actor. As the manic host of NBC's Texaco Star Theater , he was the first major star of television and as such became known as Uncle Miltie and Mr....
).

Allen again made a few changes. One was adding the singing DeMarco Sisters, to whom he'd been tipped by arranger-composer Gordon Jenkins
Gordon Jenkins

Gordon Hill Jenkins was an United States arranger, composer and pianist who was an influential figure in popular music in the 1940s and 1950s, renowned for his lush string arrangements....
. "We did four years with Mr. Allen and got one thousand dollars a week," Gloria DeMarco remembered. "Sunday night was the best night on radio." Sunday night with Fred Allen seemed incomplete on any night listeners didn't hear the DeMarco Sisters — whose breezy, harmonious style became as familiar as their cheerfully sung "Mr. Al-len, Mr. Alll-llennnn" in the show's opening theme. During the theme's brief pause, Allen would say something like, "It isn't the mayor of Anaheim, Azusa and Cucamonga, kiddies." That device became a signature for three of the four years.

Allen's Alley

The other change, born in the Texaco days and evolving from his earlier news spoofs, proved his most enduring, premiering December 6th, 1942. The inspiration for the mythical Main Street of "Allen's Alley" came from the small-town heartland folks who were often profiled in the newspaper columns written by O. O. McIntyre
O. O. McIntyre

Oscar Odd McIntyre was a famed New York newspaper columnist of the 1920s and 1930s. The Washington Post once described his column as "the letter from New York read by millions because it never lost the human, homefolk flavor of a letter from a friend."...
 (1884-1938), one of the most popular columnists of the 1930s with some seven million readers.

"Allen's Alley" followed a brief Allen monologue and comic segment with Portland Hoffa ("Misssss-ter Allll-llennnn!"), usually involving gags about her family which she instigated. Then a brief music interlude would symbolize the two making their way to the fictitious Alley. The segment was always launched by a quick exchange that began with Hoffa asking Allen what he would ask the Alley denizens that week. After she implored him, "Shall we go?" Allen would reply with cracks like, "As the two drumsticks said when they spotted the tympani, 'let's beat it!'"; or "As one strapless gown said to the other strapless gown, 'What's holding us up?'"

A small host of stereotypical characters greeted Allen and Hoffa down the Alley, discussing Allen's question of the week, usually drawing on news items or popular happenings around town, whether gas rationing, traffic congestion, the Pulitzer Prizes, postwar holiday travel, or the annual Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus visit.

The Alley went through a few changes in the first installments. Early denizens included sarcastic John Doe
John Doe

The name "John Doe" is used as a placeholder name for a male party, in a legal action, case or discussion, whose true identity is either unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons....
 (John Brown), self-possessed Senator Bloat and town drunk Sampson Souse (Jack Smart), dimwitted Socrates Mulligan (Charlie Cantor), and pompous poet Falstaff Openshaw (Alan Reed
Alan Reed

Alan Reed was an United States actor and voice artist, best known as the original voice of Fred Flintstone on The Flintstones and various spin-off series....
). By 1945, three members of the Alley's best-remembered quartet solidified and rarely disappeared: Parker Fennelly
Parker Fennelly

Parker Fennelly was an United States actor who appeared in ten films, numerous television episodes and hundreds of radio programs....
 as stoic New England farmer Titus Moody, Minerva Pious
Minerva Pious

Minerva Pious , an actress/comedian in United States Radio programming, became a radio icon playing malaprop-prone Jewish housewife Pansy Nussbaum in Fred Allen's famous "Allen's Alley" current-events skits....
 as the Jewish housewife Pansy Nussbaum, and Peter Donald
Peter Donald

Peter Donald was famed as the character of Ajax Cassidy on Fred Allen's radio show.In addition to his long run on "Allen's Alley," Donald was also the host during the 1940s on radio's joke-telling panel program, Can You Top This?...
 as fast-talking Irishman Ajax Cassidy. Pious told Allen about Kenny Delmar
Kenny Delmar

Kenneth Howard "Kenny" Delmar was an United States actor active in radio, film, and animation media.Delmar is notable for, among other jobs, his reading the role of Senator Claghorn on Fred Allen's radio program, which he did while also serving as the show's regular announcer....
, who joined the cast October 5, 1945, as both the show's announcer and the bellowing Southerner Senator Beauregard Claghorn
Senator Claghorn

Senator Beauregard Claghorn was a popular radio character on the "Allen's Alley" segment of The Fred Allen Show beginning in 1945. Succeeding the vaguely similar but not nearly as popular Senator Bloat from the earliest "Allen's Alley" routines, Senator Claghorn---portrayed by Allen's announcer, Kenny Delmar---was a blustery Southern Un...
. Delmar based the character on a real-life person he had encountered while hitchhiking in 1928. Within weeks, Claghorn became one of the leading comedy characters of radio as listeners across the country began quoting his catch phrases: "Somebody, Ah say, somebody knocked"; "That's a joke, son"; and "Pay attention, boy!" Claghorn served as the model for the Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.

Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. is one of the world's largest film producer of film and television.It is a subsidiary of Time Warner, with its headquarters in Burbank, California and New York City....
 cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn, who first appeared the following August in the Oscar-nominated
Walky Talky Hawky
Walky Talky Hawky

Walky Talky Hawky is a Henery Hawk/Foghorn Leghorn animated short film from Warner Bros. released in 1946 in film and directed by Robert McKimson....
.

Despite the ethnic diversity, the Alley characters seemed less citified and more akin with O. O. McIntyre's small-town America. Highly literate and often absurdist, Allen's topical humor is sometimes thought an acquired taste for audiences curious about his generation of radio stars. But others find many parallels to today's world and its absurdities. The "Allen's Alley" stereotypes make some cringe, as Allen biographer Robert Taylor noted (in
Fred Allen: His Life and Wit), but others find them lancing more than lauding stereotypes, letting listeners make up their own minds about how foolish they could be. "Interestingly enough," wrote Frank Buxton and Bill Owen in The Big Broadcast 1920-1950, "[Claghorn, Nussbaum, Moody, and Cassidy] were never criticized as being anti-Southern, anti-Semitic, anti-New England or anti-Irish. The warmth and good humor with which they were presented made them acceptable even to the most sensitive listeners."

Allen was probably his own best writer; he employed a staff (including the future author of
The Caine Mutiny
The Caine Mutiny

The Caine Mutiny is a 1951 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winning novel by Herman Wouk. The novel grew out of Wouk's personal experiences aboard a destroyer-minesweeper in the Pacific in World War II and deals with, among other things, the moral and ethical decisions made at sea by the captains of ships....
, Herman Wouk
Herman Wouk

Herman Wouk is a bestselling United States author with a number of notable novels to his credit, including The Caine Mutiny, The Winds of War, and War and Remembrance....
), but they served as his sounding boards and early draft consultants as much as actual writers. Allen himself worked as long as 12 hours a day on ideas and sketches. And his adlibbing was so skilled that many a surviving show fades away behind the ending network identification, because Allen often ate up air time. It was not as unusual for him as for others to sign off with "We're a little late, so good night, folks." Buxton and Owen believed the Allen show needed it more than anyone else of his era.

Allen also "died" more eloquently than other radio comics, particularly in the later years. When a joke was greeted with an awkward silence, Allen would comment on the lack of response, with his ad-libbed "explanation" almost always funnier than the original joke.

Closing the Alley

Then, in 1948, Fred Allen's radio fortunes changed almost overnight. In 1946-47, he had the top-ranked radio show. Thanks in large part to NBC's anxiety to keep more of its stars from joining Jack Benny in a wholesale defection to CBS
CBS

CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American radio network and television network. The name is derived from the initials of Columbia Broadcasting System, its former legal name....
, Allen got a lucrative new contract.

Allen was knocked off his NBC perch a year later, not by a CBS talent raid but by a show on a third rival network, ABC (the former NBC Blue network). The quiz show,
Stop the Music, hosted by Bert Parks
Bert Parks

Bert Parks was an United States actor, singer, and radio and television announcer and host, best known as the longtime host of the annual Miss America telecast....
, required listeners to participate live, by telephone. The show became a big enough hit to break into Allen's grip on that Sunday night time slot. At first, Allen fought fire with his own kind of fire: he offered $5,000 to any listener getting a call from
Stop the Music or any similar game show while listening to The Fred Allen Show. He never had to pay up, nor was he shy about lampooning the game show phenomenon (especially a riotous parody of another quiz show Parks hosted, lancing Break the Bank
Break the Bank

Break the Bank is a title that has been used for three entirely separate United States game shows throughout television history.* Break the Bank , the first show in the series...
in a routine called "Break the Contestant" in which players didn't receive a thing but were compelled to give up possessions when they blew a question.)

Unfortunately, Allen fell to number 38 in the ratings, as television began its rise as well. By this time, he had changed the show again somewhat, changing the famed "Allen's Alley" skits to take place on "Main Street," and rotating a new character or two in and out of the lineup. He stepped down from radio again in 1949, at the end of his show's regular season. When NBC declined his contract renewal, his doctor again advised him to take a break for his health, and he decided to take a year off. But this time the year layoff did everything for his health and almost nothing for his radio career. After the June 26, 1949, show, Fred Allen never hosted another radio show full time again.

The feud

Good friends in real life, Fred Allen and Jack Benny
Jack Benny

Jack Benny was an American comedian, vaudeville, and actor for radio programming, television, and film.Widely recognized as one of the leading American entertainers of the 20th century, Benny was known for his comic timing and his ability to get laughs with either a pregnant pause or a single expression, such as his signature exasperated "...
 inadvertently hatched a running gag in 1937. It all started when child violinist Stewart Canin's very credible performance on the Allen show inspired Allen to deliver a wisecrack about "a certain alleged violinist," who should hide in shame over his poor playing. Allen often mentioned his show-business friends on the air ("Mr. Jacob Haley of Newton Highlands, Massachusetts" was Allen's way of saying hello to his pal Jack Haley
Jack Haley

Jack Haley was an American film actor best known for his portrayal of the Tin Woodsman in The Wizard of Oz . He also portrayed farmworker Hickory, who appeared in the Kansas sequences, in the film....
), and on the Canin broadcast Allen knew his friend Jack Benny would be listening. When Benny responded in kind on his own program, Allen fired back, and they were off and running. The back-and-forth got good enough notice that the two went with it for over a decade, doing it so well that many fans of both shows believed the two really were blood enemies.

The Allen-Benny feud was the longest-playing, best-remembered dialogue running gag in classic radio history. The gag even pushed toward a boxing match between the two comedians and the promised event was a sellout. It also never happened, really. The pair even appeared together in films, including
Love Thy Neighbor
Love Thy Neighbor

Love Thy Neighbor can refer to:* Love Thy Neighbor , the 1940 American film* Love Thy Neighbour, the 1970s British situation comedy* Love Thy Neighbour , the 1967 Danish-German film...
(1940) and It's in the Bag!
It's in the Bag!

It's in the Bag! is a film comedy starring radio comedian Fred Allen in his only starring film role, as the ringmaster of a flea circus whose search for his inheritance, hidden in one of five chairs, leads to a variety of strange encounters....
(1945), Allen's only starring vehicle, also featuring William Bendix
William Bendix

William Bendix was an United States film actor.Bendix, named for his paternal grandfather, was born in Manhattan, New York City, the only son of Cleveland-born Oscar and London-born Hilda Bendix....
, Robert Benchley
Robert Benchley

Robert Charles Benchley was an American humorist best known for his work as a newspaper columnist and film actor. From his beginnings at the Harvard Lampoon while attending Harvard University, through his many years writing essays and articles for Vanity Fair and The New Yorker, and his acclaimed short films, Benchley's style o...
, and Jerry Colonna
Jerry Colonna

Jerry Colonna was an Italian-American comedian, singer and songwriter, remembered best as the zaniest of Bob Hope's sidekicks on Hope's popular radio shows and films of the 1940s and 1950s....
.

Some of the feud's highlights involved Al Boasberg, who is credited with helping Benny refine his character into (arguably) America's first stand-up comedian. Boasberg was well known behind the scenes as a top comedy writer, but he seldom received recognition in public. He worked, uncredited, on many films (including the Marx Brothers' hit
A Night at the Opera
A Night at the Opera (film)

A Night at the Opera is a comedy film starring Groucho Marx, Chico Marx and Harpo Marx, and featuring Kitty Carlisle Hart, Allan Jones , Margaret Dumont, Siegfried Rumann, and Walter Woolf King....
). Steaming mad because of his long battles for recognition, Boasberg was said to have delivered a tirade that ended up (in slightly altered form) in an Allen-Benny feud routine:

Allen:
Why you fugitive from a Ripley cartoon ... I'll knock you flatter than the first eight minutes of this program.

Benny:
You ought to do well in pictures, Mr. Allen, now that Boris Karloff
Boris Karloff

Boris Karloff was an Cinema of the United Kingdom who emigrated to Canada in the 1910s. He is best remembered for his roles in horror films and his portrayal of Frankenstein's monster in the 1931 film Frankenstein , 1935 film Bride of Frankenstein and 1939 film Son of Frankenstein....
 is back in England.

Allen:
Why, if I was a horse, a pony even, and found out that any part of my tail was used in your violin bow, I'd hang my head in my oatbag from then on.

Benny's side of the feud included a tart interpretation of Allen's
Town Hall Tonight show, which Benny and company called "Clown Hall Tonight." What those enraptured by the feud often missed: Whenever they guested on each other's shows, the host was liable to hand the feuding guest the best lines of the night.

They toned the gag down after 1941, though they kept it going often enough as the years continued. The biggest climactic event of the feud was broadcast on Allen's show May 26, 1946. In a sketch called "King for a Day," satirizing big-money game shows, Benny pretended to be a contestant named Myron Proudfoot on Allen's new quiz show. Allen:
Tomorrow night, in your ermine robe, you will be whisked by bicycle to Orange, New Jersey
Orange, New Jersey

The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 32,868....
, where you will be the judge in a chicken-cleaning contest.

Benny (rapturously):
I'm KING for a Day!

[Allen proceeds to have Benny's clothes pressed:]

Allen:
Upon our stage we have a Hoffman pressing machine.

Benny:
Now wait a minute! Wait a minute!

Allen:
An expert, operating the Hoffman pressing machine, will press your trousers.

Benny:
NOW WAIT A MINUTE!!! (total audience hysteria laughter, as Benny's pants are literally removed).

Allen:
Quiet, King!

Benny:
Allen, this is a frame--- (starts laughing himself) Where are my pants?

Allen:
Keep your shirt on, King.

Benny:
You BET I'll keep my shirt on!

Allen:
We're a little late, folks! Tune in next week---

Benny:
Come on, Allen, where are my pants!

Allen:
Benny, for 15 years I've been waiting to see you here like this!

Benny:
Allen, you haven't seen the END of me!

Allen:
It won't be long NOW!

Benny:
I WANT MY PANTS!

Allen and Benny couldn't resist one more play on the feud on Allen's final show. Benny appeared as a skinflint bank manager and mortgage company owner bedeviling Henry Morgan
Henry Morgan (comedian)

Not to be confused with Harry Morgan, American actor of film and television, who was billed as Henry Morgan in certain roles. For the pirate, see Henry Morgan....
. Typically, Allen handed Benny the show's best crack: "Listen, I was never
this cheap on my own program!"

Benny even used the feud on his TV show, which depicted Benny and Allen as rivals for the sponsor's favors. When the sponsor pointed out that Benny was also a musician, Allen countered with a passage on his clarinet.

In Benny's co-memoir
Sunday Nights at Seven: The Jack Benny Story (1990) -- his daughter Joan Benny added her own recollections and published it after his death -- he revealed that the feud began spontaneously, following the Stewart Canin incident. However, it went over big enough with listeners "that we decided to hold a summit meeting with my two writers and Allen's five writers and plan the strategy of our feud. It was all cold and calculated and the sky was the limit. Or rather, the mud was the limit."

Censorship

Allen may have battled censors more than most of his radio contemporaries. "Fred Allen's fourteen-year battle with radio censorship," wrote the
New York Herald-Tribune critic John Crosby, "was made particularly difficult for him by the fact that the man assigned to reviewing his scripts had little sense of humor and frankly admitted he didn't understand Allen's peculiar brand of humor at all." Among the blue pencils, according to Crosby, were:

  • Allen was barred from saying "Brenda never looked lovelier", at the time of socialite Brenda Frazier
    Brenda Frazier

    Brenda Diana Duff Frazier , was an American debutante popular during the Great Depression era. Her December 1938 coming-out party was so heavily publicized worldwide she eventually appeared on the cover of Life magazine for that reason alone....
    's wedding, unless he could get direct permission from the Frazier family itself.


  • Allen was ordered to change the Cockney accent he assigned the character of a first mate aboard the Queen Mary — on the grounds that the ship's first mate could only be a cultured man who might not like a Cockney accent.


  • Allen actually had to fight to keep Mrs. Nussbaum in the Allen's Alley routines — because NBC feared Jewish-dialect humour "might offend all Jews", never mind that Jewish dialect humour had been a vaudeville and burlesque staple for years.


  • Allen was ordered not to even mention the fictitious town of North Wrinkle until or unless it could be proven that no such town actually did exist. (It didn't.)


"Allen not only couldn't poke fun at individuals", Crosby wrote, "he also had to be careful not to step on their professions, their beliefs, and sometimes even their hobbies and amusements. Portland Hoffa was once given a line about wasting an afternoon at the rodeo. NBC objected to the implication that an afternoon at the rodeo was wasted and the line had to be changed. Another time, Allen gagged that a girl could have found a better husband in a cemetery. (The censor) thought this might hurt the feelings of people who own and operate cemeteries. Allen got the line cleared only after pointing out that cemeteries have been topics for comedy since the time of Aristophanes
Aristophanes

Aristophanes , son of Philippus, of the deme Cydathenaus, was a prolific and much acclaimed comedy playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his forty plays have come down to us virtually complete....
."

After his own show ended, Allen became a regular attraction on NBC's
The Big Show (1950–1952), hosted by Tallulah Bankhead
Tallulah Bankhead

Tallulah Brockman Bankhead was an United States actress, talk-show host and wikt:bon vivant....
. He appeared on 24 of the show's 57 installments, including the landmark premiere, and showed he had not lost his trademark ad-lib skill or his rapier wit. In some ways,
The Big Show was an offspring of the old Allen show: his one-time Texaco Star Theater announcer, Jimmy Wallington, was one of The Big Show's announcers, and Portland Hoffa made several appearances with him as well. On the show's premiere, in fact, Allen — with a little prodding from head writer Goodman Ace
Goodman Ace

Goodman Ace In a twist that could have been one of his own plot lines, Ace's broadcasting career happened by accident, thanks to one night of bridge and a following night of absenteeism, by the show that followed his wry movie reviews on a Kansas City radio station....
 — could not resist one more play on the old Allen-Benny "feud," a riotous parody of Benny's show called "The Pinch Penny Program."

Television

It was also on
The Big Show's premiere that Allen delivered perhaps his best-remembered crack about television: "You know, television is called a new medium, and I have discovered why they call it a medium — because nothing is well done." This jaundiced TV eye proved a bigger influence on the medium than his cynicism would have suggested. The Museum of Broadcast Communications
Museum of Broadcast Communications

The Museum of Broadcast Communications is located in Chicago, Illinois. Its mission is "to collect, preserve, and present historic and contemporary radio and television content as well as educate, inform, and entertain through our archives, public programs, screenings, exhibits, publications and online access to our resources." It is home t...
 considers Allen "the intellectual conscience of television." Aside from his famous crack about not liking furniture that talked, Allen observed that television allowed "people who haven't anything to do to watch people who can't do anything."

Allen tried three short-lived television projects of his own, including a bid to bring "Allen's Alley" to television in a visual setting similar to
Our Town. NBC apparently rejected the idea out of hand. "Television is a triumph of equipment over people," Allen observed after that, "and the minds that control it are so small that you could put them in the navel of a flea and still have enough room beside them for the heart of a network vice president." His other two TV tries were quiz shows. Judge For Yourself (subtitled "The Fred Allen Show") was a game show incorporating musical acts. The idea was to allow Allen to ad-lib with guests a la Groucho Marx
Groucho Marx

Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx , was an American comedian and film star famed as a master of wit. He made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers and also had a successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and television game shows You Bet Your Life and Tell it to Groucho....
, but the involved format had to be revamped in the middle of the run. (The star was "lost in the confusion of a half hour filled with too many people and too much activity," wrote Alan Havig.) A comedy series,
Fred Allen's Sketchbook, didn't catch on.

Allen finally held down a two-year stint as a panelist on the CBS quiz show
What's My Line?
What's My Line?

What's My Line? is a weekly panel game show which was produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS television. When first sold to CBS, the proposed title was Occupation Unknown....
from 1954 until his death in 1956 (March 17, 1956). Allen actually appeared as a Mystery Guest on What's My Line?
What's My Line?

What's My Line? is a weekly panel game show which was produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS television. When first sold to CBS, the proposed title was Occupation Unknown....
on July 17, 1955, when he was taking a week off from the show to have an emergency appendectomy.

Allen also spent his final years as a newspaper columnist/humorist and as a memoirist, renting a small New York office to work six hours a day without distractions. He wrote
Treadmill to Oblivion (1954, reviewing his radio and television years) and Much Ado About Me (1956, covering his childhood and his vaudeville and Broadway years, and detailing especially vaudeville at its height with surprising objectivity); the former — which included many of his vintage radio scripts — was the best-selling book on radio's classic period for many years.

But before he finished the final chapter completely (the book was published as the author had left it), Allen took one of his regular midnight walks on West 57th Street in New York on the night of St. Patrick's Day, 1956 — and suffered a fatal heart attack
Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction , commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the Blood flow to part of the heart is interrupted. This is most commonly due to occlusion of a coronary artery following the rupture of a Vulnerable plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids and white blood cells in the wall of an artery....
 at the age of 61. A myth for many years (first perpetuated by the
New York Times
The New York Times

The New York Times is an American daily newspaper published in New York City. The largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States, "The Gray Lady"?named for its staid appearance and style?is regarded as a national newspaper of record....
story the next day reporting his death) was that he died walking his dog, but his biographer Robert Taylor revealed Allen had never owned a dog. A tireless (and funny) letter writer, Allen's letters were edited by his wife into the publication of Fred Allen's Letters in 1965.

The following Sunday after his death, the producers of
What's My Line? wanted to do a Fred Allen tribute and retrospective, but, as host John Daly
John Charles Daly

John Charles Patrick Croghan Daly, was a journalist, game show, and radio personality, probably best known for hosting the panel show What's My Line?....
 stated in a special message before the opening credits, Allen's wife Portland Hoffa said no, instead wishing that the show be conducted as it always was, in honor of Fred. Steve Allen
Steve Allen

Steve Allen may refer to:*Steve Allen , American musician, comedian, and writer*Steve Allen , presenter on the London-based talk radio station LBC 97.3...
 sat in Fred's chair on the panel, and he, Arlene Francis
Arlene Francis

Arlene Francis was an United States actress, radio talk show host, and game show panelist. She is known for her long-standing role as a panelist on the television game show What's My Line?, on which she regularly appeared for 25 years, from 1950 through the mid-1970s....
, and Bennett Cerf
Bennett Cerf

Bennett Alfred Cerf was a publisher and co-founder of Random House, also known for his own compilations of jokes and puns, for regular personal appearances lecturing across the United States, and for his television appearances in the panel game show What's My Line?....
 gave heartfelt tributes to Fred at the end of that program. Dorothy Kilgallen
Dorothy Kilgallen

Dorothy Mae Kilgallen was an United States journalist and television game show panelist known nationally for her coverage of the Sam Sheppard trial, her syndicated newspaper column, The Voice of Broadway, and her role as panelist on the television game show What's My Line?....
 thanked Steve Allen for stepping in at a difficult moment.

Allen is buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery
Gate of Heaven Cemetery

The Gate of Heaven Cemetery, approximately 25 miles north of New York City, was established in 1917 at 10 West Stevens Ave. in Hawthorne, New York, Westchester County, New York, United States, as a Roman Catholic burial site....
 in Hawthorne, New York
Hawthorne, New York

Hawthorne is an unincorporated Political subdivisions of New York State#Hamlet and Political subdivisions of New York State#Census-designated place located in the Political subdivisions of New York State#Town of Mount Pleasant, New York in Westchester County, New York....
 (his headstone has both his real and stage names) and has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
Hollywood Walk of Fame

The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA, that serves as an entertainment hall of fame....
: a radio star on 6709½ Hollywood Blvd. and a TV star on 7021 Hollywood Blvd. His widow, Portland Hoffa, married bandleader Joe Rimes in 1959 and celebrated a second silver wedding anniversary well before her own death of natural causes in Los Angeles
Los Αngeles

Los ?ngeles is the Capital of the Biob?o Province, in the municipality of the same name, in Regions of Chile VIII , in the center-south of Chile....
 on Christmas Day, 1990. Hoffa has a star on the Walk of Fame as well. Fred Allen was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame
Radio Hall of Fame

HistoryThe National Radio Hall of Fame and Museum, is a project of the Museum of Broadcast Communications in Chicago, Illinois, and is a museum dedicated to recognizing those who have contributed to the development of the radio medium throughout its history in the United States....
 in 1988.

Quotations

  • Imitation is the sincerest form of television.
  • One avid TV fan wrote and asked me if I was extinct. This last card was sent in care of the Smithsonian Institution.
  • I'd like to be a squirrel. With all the nuts in radio, I would be very, very happy.
  • A classic Allen put-on: his routines often included a loud knock and an actor--who was supposed to report to another studio to do another show--entering his by mistake.
  • A telescope will magnify a star a thousand times, but a good press agent can do even better.
  • Most of us spend the first 6 days of each week sowing wild oats, then we go to church on Sunday and pray for a crop failure.
  • During the Samuel Johnson
    Samuel Johnson

    Samuel Johnson was an English author. Beginning as a Grub Street journalist, he made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, novelist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer....
     days they had big men enjoying small talk. Today we have small men enjoying big talk.
  • The motto of the quiz show is, 'If you can't entertain them, give them something'.
  • Allen once noted that the name of the famous advertising firm, Batten, Barton, Durstine and Osborn
    BBDO

    BBDO is a worldwide advertising agency network, with its headquarters in New York. Formed through a merger of BDO and Batten Co. in 1928, BBDO Worldwide has been named the "Most Awarded Agency Network in the World" by The Gunn Report in 2007, for the second year running....
    , "
    sounded like a steamer trunk
    Trunk (luggage)

    A trunk, also known as a travelling chest, is a large cuboid container for holding clothing and other personal belongings, typically about 1.5 metres wide, and 0.5 metres each deep and high, or about 25" to 40" wide, 14" to 28" high, and 14" to 24" deep....
     falling down a flight of stairs."
  • I never look a gift horse in the mouth, but I am not averse to looking an organization in the motive.
  • The trouble with television is, it's too graphic. In radio, even a moron could visualize things his way; an intelligent man, his way. It was a custom-made suit. Television is a ready-made suit. Everyone has to wear the same one. Everything is for the eye these days: Life, Look, the picture business. Nothing is for the mind. The next generation will have eyeballs as big as cantaloupes and no brains at all.
  • Television is a medium because anything well done is rare.
  • "California is a great place to live, if you're an orange."
  • On Jack Benny as honorary chairman of the March of Dimes: "There isn't a dime minted yet that can march past Jack Benny."
  • After a tree planted in honor of Jack Benny in his home town died: "How can they expect the tree to grow in Waukeegan when the sap is in Hollywood?"


Footnotes


Listen to



External links

  • Biography with list of radio, television, film and record appearances