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Francis I of the Two Sicilies

 

 
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Francis I (Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe, August 14, 1777 – November 8, 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830.
cis was born in Naples
Naples

Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
, the son of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

Ferdinand I was King variously of Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain, later Charles III of Spain, King of Sicily by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony....
 and his wife Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria

Maria Carolina of Austria , born Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria , and later becoming Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily was queen consort and de facto ruler of Naples from 1768 to 1799 and from 1799 to 1806, and of Sicily from 1768 until her death in 1814, though she had lost the de facto power in 1812....
. He was also the nephew of Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette

For the 2006 film about this person that stars Kirsten Dunst, see Marie-Antoinette .Marie Antoinette was born an Archduchess of Austria and later became Queen of France and of Navarre....
 and Louis XVI
Louis XVI of France

Louis XVI or Louis-Auguste de France ruled as List of French monarchs of France and of List of Navarrese monarchs from 1774 until 1791, and then as Popular monarchy from 1791 to 1792....
 the last King and Queen of France before the first French Republic.

In 1796 Francis married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria
Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria

Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Louisa of Spain....
, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792, King of Hungary, archduke of Austria, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790....
.






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Francis I (Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe, August 14, 1777 – November 8, 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830.

Biography

Francis was born in Naples
Naples

Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
, the son of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

Ferdinand I was King variously of Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain, later Charles III of Spain, King of Sicily by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony....
 and his wife Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria

Maria Carolina of Austria , born Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria , and later becoming Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily was queen consort and de facto ruler of Naples from 1768 to 1799 and from 1799 to 1806, and of Sicily from 1768 until her death in 1814, though she had lost the de facto power in 1812....
. He was also the nephew of Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette

For the 2006 film about this person that stars Kirsten Dunst, see Marie-Antoinette .Marie Antoinette was born an Archduchess of Austria and later became Queen of France and of Navarre....
 and Louis XVI
Louis XVI of France

Louis XVI or Louis-Auguste de France ruled as List of French monarchs of France and of List of Navarrese monarchs from 1774 until 1791, and then as Popular monarchy from 1791 to 1792....
 the last King and Queen of France before the first French Republic.

In 1796 Francis married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria
Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria

Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Louisa of Spain....
, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792, King of Hungary, archduke of Austria, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790....
. When she died, he married his first cousin María Isabel
Maria Isabella of Spain

Maria Isabella of Spain...
, daughter of King Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV of Spain

Charles IV was list of Spanish monarchs from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808....
.

After the Bourbon
House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled Kingdom of Navarre and France in the 16th century....
 family fled from Naples to Sicily
Sicily

Sicily is an Autonomous regions with special statute of Italy. Of all the regions of Italy, Sicily covers the largest land area at 25,708 km? and currently has just over five million inhabitants....
 in 1806, and Lord William Bentinck
Lord William Bentinck

Lord William Henry Cavendish-House of Bentinck was a United Kingdom statesman who served as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. He was the second son of the William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, who was briefly Prime Minister of Great Britain....
, the British resident, had established a constitution and deprived Ferdinand of all power, Francis was appointed regent (1812).

On the fall of Napoleon his father returned to Naples and suppressed the Sicilian constitution and autonomy, incorporating his two kingdoms into that of the Two Sicilies (1816); Francis then assumed the revived title of duke of Calabria
Calabria

Calabria , is a Regions of Italy in Southern Italy Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian peninsula. It is bounded to the north by the region of Basilicata, to the south-west by the region of Sicily, to the west by the Tyrrhenian Sea, and to the east by the Ionian Sea....
. While still heir apparent he professed liberal ideas, and on the outbreak of the revolution of 1820 he accepted the regency apparently in a friendly spirit towards the new constitution. But he was probably more conservatively inclined than that.

Hence, on succeeding to the throne in 1825, he followed more conservative principles as well. He took little part in the government, which he left in the hands of favourites and police officials, and lived with his mistresses, surrounded by soldiers, ever in dread of assassination. During his reign the only revolutionary movement was the outbreak on the Cilento (1828), repressed by the marquis Delcarretto, an ex-Liberal. He was, however successful in having the Austrian occupation force withdrawn (1827) therefore relieving a large financial burden on the Treasury.

During his reign, the Royal Order of Francis I
Royal Order of Francis I

The Royal Order of Francis I has since 1999 been awarded as an inter-religious order although it was founded on 28 September 1829 to reward civil and military merit and services to industry, agriculture, and the arts to the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies....
 was founded to reward civil merit.

Issue

With Maria Clementina of Austria:

  • Carolina Ferdinanda Luisa (1798-1870), who married 1st Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry
    Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry

    Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry was the younger son of Charles X of France and his wife, Marie Th?r?se of Savoy. As the son of the king, he was a Fils de France....
    , the second son of King Charles X of France
    Charles X of France

    Charles X ruled as List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs from 20 May 1824 until the July Revolution, when he Abdication. He was the last king of the senior House of Bourbon line to reign over France....
    , and 2nd Ettore Count Lucchesi Palli, Prince di Campofranco, Duke della Grazia.
  • Ferdinando (1800-1801).


With Isabella of Spain:

  • Luisa Carlotta (1804-1844), who married her mother's younger brother Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain
    Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain

    File:Francisco de Paula de Borb?n.jpgInfante Francisco de Paula of Spain was born on 10 March 1794 in Aranjuez, Spain. He was the youngest son of Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma....
    .
  • María Cristina (1806-1878), who married 1st her uncle Ferdinand VII of Spain
    Ferdinand VII of Spain

    Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....
     (her mother's older brother) and 2nd Ferdinand Muñoz, Duke of Rianzares.
  • Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
    Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies

    Ferdinand II was the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death....
     (1810-1859) who became Francis I's successor and married twice.
  • Carlo Ferdinando
    Charles Ferdinand, Prince of Capua

    Prince Charles Ferdinand of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Prince of Capua was a member of the House of Bourbon. Charles Ferdinand was second-eldest son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain....
    , Prince of Capua (1811-1862). Married morganatically to Penelope Smyth and had issue.
  • Leopoldo
    Leopold of the Two Sicilies (1813-1860)

    Prince Leopoldo Beniamino Giuseppe of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Syracuse was a member of the House of Bourbon. Leopold was the fifth son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain....
    , Count di Siracusa (1813-1860). Married Maria Princess of Savoy-Carignano. No issue.
  • Maria Antonietta (1814-1898). Married Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
    Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany

    Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, in Italian language Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Francesco Ferdinando Carlo, in German language Leopold Johann Joseph Franz Ferdinand Karl , of Habsburg-Lorraine, was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1824 until 1859....
    .
  • Antonio, Count of Lecce (1816-1843).
  • Maria Amalia
    Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

    Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies was a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies by birth and an Infanta of Portugal and Spain through her marriage to Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain....
     (1818-1857), who married Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain
    Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain

    Sebastian Gabriel de Borbon y de Braganza, Infante of Portugal and Spain, was a royal of the 19th century, progenitor of the ducal lines of Hernani, Ansola, Durcal and Marchena, and army commander in the First Carlist War....
    .
  • Maria Carolina
    Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

    Princess Maria Carolina Ferdinanda of Bourbon-Two Sicilies was a princess of the House of Bourbon and an infanta of Spain through her marriage to Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin, Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Carlos VI....
     (1820-1861). Married Carlos, Conde de Montemolin of Spain and Carlist
    Carlism

    Carlism is a Tradition#Traditionalism and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the House of Bourbon family on the Monarchy of Spain....
     pretender to the throne of Spain.
  • Teresa (1822-1889). Married Pedro II of Brazil
    Pedro II of Brazil

    Pedro II, , or Dom Pedro de Alc?ntara; December 2, 1825 December 5, 1891) was the second and last Emperor of Brazil, having ruled for almost 50 years....
    .
  • Luigi
    Prince Louis, Count of Aquila

    Prince Luigi Carlo Maria Giuseppe of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Aquila was a member of the House of Bourbon. Louis was second-youngest son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain....
    , Count di Aquila (1824-1897). Married Januária Maria, Princess Imperial of Brazil (sister of Pedro II of Brazil and Maria II of Portugal
    Maria II of Portugal

    Maria II was Queen of Portugal from 1826 to 1853. She was the second Queen regnant of Portugal and the Algarve, and the 29th or 30th List of Portuguese monarchs....
    ). Had issue.
  • Francesco, Count of Trapani
    Prince Francis, Count of Trapani

    Prince Francis of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Trapani was a member of the House of Bourbon. Leopold was the youngest child and son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain....
     (1827-1892). Married Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria, Princess of Tuscany and had issue.


Also had illegitimate children with his mistresses.

Titles, styles, honours and arms


Titles and styles

  • 19 August 1777 – 17 December 1778: His Royal Highness Prince Francis of Naples and Sicily
  • 7 December 1778 – 8 December 1816: His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Naples and Sicily
  • 8 December 1816 - 4 January 1825: His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of the Two Sicilies
  • 4 January 1825 - 8 November 1830: His Majesty The King of the Two Sicilies


Ancestry