Fort Carson is a
United States ArmyThe United States Army is the branch of the United States Military responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military and is one of seven uniformed services...
installation located immediately south of
Colorado SpringsColorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. It is located just east of the geographic center of the state and south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. At 6,035 feet the city sits over one mile above...
in
El Paso CountyEl Paso County is the second most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States behind Denver County. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the county population was 596,053 in 2008. The county seat is Colorado Springs, the second most populous city in Colorado...
,
ColoradoColorado is a U.S. state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. It may also be considered to be part of the Western and Southwestern regions of the United States. Colorado entered statehood in 1876 and was nicknamed the “Centennial State”...
, and 30 miles north of
Pueblo, ColoradoPueblo is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous city of Pueblo County, Colorado, United States. The population was estimated to be 104,951 in 2008, making it the 245th most populous city in the United States....
in
Pueblo CountyPueblo County is the tenth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. The county was named for the historic city of Pueblo which took its name from the Spanish language word meaning "town" or "village". The United States Census Bureau estimates that the...
. A portion of the installation located within El Paso County forms a
census-designated placeA census-designated place is a type of place identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the statistical counterparts of incorporated places such as cities, towns and villages...
(CDP), which had a population of 10,566 at the
2000 censusThe Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 persons enumerated during the 1990 Census...
. Fort Carson is the home of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Brigade Combat Teams of the 4th Infantry Division, the 10th Special Forces Group, the 71st Ordnance Group (
EODBomb disposal is the process by which hazardous explosive devices are rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the following fields:*Military:...
), the 759th Military Police Battalion, the 10th Combat Support Hospital, and the 43rd Sustainment Brigade. The post also hosts units of the Army Reserve, Navy Reserve and the Colorado Army National Guard.
The
Colorado SpringsColorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. It is located just east of the geographic center of the state and south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. At 6,035 feet the city sits over one mile above...
Post Office (
ZIP CodeThe ZIP code is the system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service . The letters ZIP, a backronym for Zone Improvement Plan, are properly written in capital letters and were chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly, when senders use the...
s 80902 and 80913) serves Fort Carson postal addresses.
One of the former commanders of Fort Carson, who had two sons in the current military operations in the Middle East (one died in an ambush, one committed suicide when he came home), is U.S. Army Major General Mark Graham. MG Graham has pushed for better mental health care for soldiers as a result of his experiences and a string of 10 homicides as of July 2009, as well as instances of abuse and rapes at various U.S. military installations, including Fort Carson.
History
Fort Carson was established in 1942, following Japan's attack on
Pearl HarborPearl Harbor is a harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet...
. The city of
Colorado Springs, ColoradoColorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. It is located just east of the geographic center of the state and south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. At 6,035 feet the city sits over one mile above...
purchased land south of the city and donated it to the War Department. Construction began immediately and the first building, the camp headquarters, was completed January 31, 1942. Camp Carson was named in honor of the legendary Army scout, General Christopher "Kit" Carson, who explored much of the West in the 1800s.
At the construction's peak, nearly 11,500 workers were employed on various construction projects at the new camp. Facilities were provided for 35,173 enlisted men, 1,818 officers and 592 nurses. Nearly all of the buildings were of mobilization type construction, with wood sided exteriors. The hospital complex was constructed of concrete block, and considered to be semi-permanent, and had space for 1,726 beds, expandable to 2,000 beds. The 89th Infantry Division was the first major unit to be activated at Camp Carson. During World War II, over 100,000 soldiers trained at Camp Carson. Along with three other infantry divisions - the 71st Infantry Division, 104th Infantry Division and 10th Mountain Division - more than 125 units were activated at Camp Carson and more than 100 others were transferred to the Mountain post from other installations.
Nurses, cooks, mule packers, tank battalions, a Greek infantry battalion, and an Italian ordnance company - literally soldiers of every variety - trained at Camp Carson during the war years. Camp Carson was also home to nearly 9,000 Axis prisoners of war - mostly Italians and Germans. The internment camp at Camp Carson opened on the first day of 1943. These POWs alleviated the manpower shortage in Colorado by doing general farm work, canning tomatoes, cutting corn, and aiding in logging operations on Colorado's Western Slope.
Between 1942 and 1956, pack mules were a common sight at Camp Carson. The first shipment arrived by train from Nebraska in July 1942. The mules were used by Field Artillery (Pack) battalions to carry equipment, weapons and supplies over mountainous terrain. The most famous of these animals was Hambone, the pride of the 4th Field Artillery Regiment. For 13 years, he carried First Sergeants up Ute Pass to
Camp HaleCamp Hale, between Red Cliff and Leadville in the Eagle River valley in Colorado, was a U.S. Army training facility constructed in 1942 for what became the 10th Mountain Division. It was named in honor of General Irving Hale. Soldiers were trained in mountain climbing, skiing, and cold-weather...
. Camp Hale, located near
Leadville, ColoradoLeadville is a Statutory City that is the county seat of, and the only municipality in, Lake County, Colorado, United States. Situated at an elevation of 10,152 feet , Leadville is the highest incorporated city and the second highest incorporated municipality in the United States...
, was where the Army conducted cold weather and mountain warfare training. Hambone died in March 1971, and was buried with full military honors.
Activity at Camp Carson was greatly reduced following the end of World War II. By April 1946, the military strength at the Mountain Post had dropped to around 600. It appeared that Camp Carson would be closed. With the onset of the Korean War, however, activity once again increased. Many Reserve and National Guard units were called to active duty and stationed at Camp Carson during this time.
Camp Carson became "Fort Carson" in 1954. In the 1960s, mechanized units were assigned to the Mountain Post. At that time additional training land was purchased, bringing the post to its current size of 137,000 acres (570 km²). Fort Carson also has its own aviation facility,
Butts Army Air Field, which was constructed between 1963 and 1966. The facility primarily supports helicopters and has extensive landing pad facilities, as well as a 4,573 foot runway for light fixed-wing aircraft such as the C-12. Heavier fixed-wing military aircraft supporting Fort Carson, such as USAF C-130s, will typically operate from nearby Peterson AFB.
Throughout its history Fort Carson has been home to nine divisions. An additional training area, comprising 235,000 acres (959 km²), was purchased in September 1983. Named the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, this training area is located approximately road miles to the southeast, and is used for large force-on-force maneuver training. Comprehensive maneuver and live fire training also occurs downrange at Fort Carson.
Exercises and deployments continually hone the skills of Fort Carson Soldiers. When not deployed, Soldiers train annually at Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site and the National Training Center near Barstow, California. Additionally, units participate in joint exercises around the world, including Central and South Africa, Europe, and Southwest Asia. In 2003, most Fort Carson units were deployed in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Troops were also sent in support of the guard mission at
Guantanamo Bay Naval BaseGuantanamo Bay Naval Base is located on 45 square miles of land and water at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba which the United States leased for use as a coaling station following on the Cuban-American Treaty of 1903. The base is located on the shore of Guantánamo Bay at the southeastern end of Cuba. It is...
, Cuba. President George W. Bush addressed Soldiers and family members at the post on November 24, 2003, in praise of the Soldiers' determination and the sacrifices their families have made.
Fort Carson's beautiful scenery has made it one of the most requested duty stations in the U.S. Army. It is considered the second most popular CONUS duty station, after Fort Lewis, Washington, and adopted "Best Hometown in the Army" as its motto in 2007.
Fort Carson has undergone a construction boom in 2007 and 2008 in preparation for the arrival of the 4th Infantry Division (4ID) from Fort Hood, Texas. The 4ID will set up headquarters at Fort Carson after returning from their 2008 deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom. Arrival of the 4ID (headquarters and a heavy brigade) will bring with it approximately 5,000 additional Soldiers to Fort Carson.
Geography
Fort Carson is located at 38°44'45" North, 104°47'6" West (38.745744, -104.784907). It is located in Pueblo County,
El Paso CountyEl Paso County is the second most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States behind Denver County. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the county population was 596,053 in 2008. The county seat is Colorado Springs, the second most populous city in Colorado...
, and
Fremont CountyFremont County is the thirteenth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. The county is named for explorer and presidential candidate John C. Frémont. The county population was 46,145 at U.S. Census 2000. The county seat is Cañon City. The Cañon City...
.
According to the
United States Census BureauThe United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data. As part of the United States Department of Commerce, the Census Bureau serves as the leading source of quality data about...
, the CDP has a total area of 9.4 square miles (24.3 km²), all land.
Demographics
As of the
censusA "census" is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population.In other words every 10 years...next one would be in 2010 The term is used mostly in connection with...
of 2000, there were 10,566 people, 1,679 households, and 1,620 families residing on the post. The
population densityPopulation density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans. It is a key term used in geography....
was 1,126.8 people per square mile (434.9/km²). There were 2,664 housing units at an average density of 196.8/sq mi (75.9/km²). The racial makeup of the base was 62.75% White, 20.01% African American, 2.14% Asian, 1.67% Native American, 0.75% Pacific Islander, 7.94% from other races, and 3.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.39% of the population.
There were 1,679 households out of which 84.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 85.4% were
married couplesMarriage is a social union or legal contract between individuals that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged by a variety of ways, depending on the culture or demographic...
living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 3.5% were non-families. 3.2% of all households were made up of individuals, none of whom were 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.70 and the average family size was 3.74.
On the post the population was spread out with 27.5% under the age of 18, 37.1% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 1.2% from 45 to 64, and 0.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females there were 195.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 251.7 males.
The median income for a household on the post was $34,883, and the median income for a family was $34,385. Males had a median income of $19,865 versus $17,582 for females. The
per capita incomePer capita income means how much each individual receives, in monetary terms, of the yearly income generated in the country. This is what each citizen is to receive if the yearly national income is divided equally among everyone. Per capita income is usually reported in units of currency per year...
for the base was $12,772. About 7.8% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older.
Piñon Canyon Expansion Proposal
On February 14th, 2007 the U.S. Army announced it was moving forward with a plan to expand the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site in southeastern Colorado.
http://www.denverpost.com/ci_5225670
If expanded, Piñon Canyon would be the Army's largest single training area in the nation, tripling the size of the current site by adding of private ranch land. At 650,000 acres (2630 km²), it would be larger than the state of
Rhode IslandRhode Island and Providence Plantations, more commonly referred to as Rhode Island , is a state in the New England region of the United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area...
. Many in the local civilian population are opposed to this plan, because much of the land in rural areas that would be added to the training site is civilian-owned ranch land, and many current landowners are unwilling to be supplanted, regardless of the compensation that may be offered. The
Pinon Canyon Expansion Opposition Coalition, an activist group opposing the plans, says that former maps it obtained from the Army showed a "future expansion area" significantly greater than is now being contemplated. The Army's position is that expansion is essential for preparing soldiers for battle in evergrowing theaters such as Afghanistan and the Middle East.
Piñon Canyon Expansion Opposition Coalition
The Pinon Canyon Expansion Opposition Coalition
http://www.pinoncanyon.com, made of up ranchers, environmentalists, historians and educators, was formed in 2006 to organize against the federalization of as much as 6.9 million acres of state lands and private properties in order to expand the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site. According to Army planning documents the expansion would be phased over a 17-year period and would ultimately displace over 17,000 people in five counties and take in most of the southeastern corner of the state,
http://www.pinoncanyon.com/documents/7million.pdf. PCEOC, in collaboriation with another organization, Not 1 More Acre, was successful, through the efforts of Congressman John Salazar in securing a congressional ban which prohibits the Army from expending any funds for expansion during 2008 and 2009. A continuation of the ban is pending for 2010. The organizations also worked with State Senator Ken Kester and Representatives Wes McKinley and Sal Pace to enact Colorado state legislation barring the federal government from using the powers of eminent domain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminent_domain, HB1069,
http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite?c=Page&cid=1189240278668&pagename=GovRitter%2FGOVRLayout to acquire land, and prohibiting the sale of state lands to Army for the purpose of expanding the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, HB1317,
http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/GovRitter/GOVR/1243943883038. The organization is focusing its efforts on securing a permanent federal ban on expansion.
External links