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Formicinae

 
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Formicinae
 
 
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Formicinae is a subfamily within the Formicidae
Ant

Ants are Eusociality insects of the family Formicidae, and along with the related wasps and bees, they belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolution from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and Evolutionary radiation after the rise of flowering plants....
 containing ant
Ant

Ants are Eusociality insects of the family Formicidae, and along with the related wasps and bees, they belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolution from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and Evolutionary radiation after the rise of flowering plants....
s of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features such as the presence of cocoons
Pupa

A pupa is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in Holometabolism insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago....
 around pupa
Pupa

A pupa is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in Holometabolism insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago....
e, the presence of ocelli
Ocellus

So called 'simple', or 'camera' type eyes are an eye design similar to that found in humans and utilised in cameras. Namely, a single lens collects light and focusses this onto the retina, film , or CCD ....
 in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antenna
Antenna (biology)

Antennae are paired appendages connected to the front-most morphogenesis of arthropods. In crustaceans, they are biramous and present on the first two segments of the head, with the smaller pair known as antennules....
l segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandible
Mandible

The mandible or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower tooth in place. It also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beaks of birds....
s is rare, except in the genera Myrmoteras
Myrmoteras

Myrmoteras is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. They have enormous eyes, a character found in other ancient genera, and extremely elongate mandibles with eight to sixteen teeth....
 and Polyergus
Polyergus

Polyergus, or Legionnaire ant, is a small genus of 6 described species of "dulosis" ants, sometimes called Amazon ants. Its workers are incapable of caring for brood, in part due to their dagger-like, piercing mandibles, but more importantly, because in the evolution of their parasitism, they have lost the "behavioral wiring"...
.






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Formicinae is a subfamily within the Formicidae
Ant

Ants are Eusociality insects of the family Formicidae, and along with the related wasps and bees, they belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolution from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and Evolutionary radiation after the rise of flowering plants....
 containing ant
Ant

Ants are Eusociality insects of the family Formicidae, and along with the related wasps and bees, they belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolution from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and Evolutionary radiation after the rise of flowering plants....
s of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features such as the presence of cocoons
Pupa

A pupa is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in Holometabolism insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago....
 around pupa
Pupa

A pupa is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in Holometabolism insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago....
e, the presence of ocelli
Ocellus

So called 'simple', or 'camera' type eyes are an eye design similar to that found in humans and utilised in cameras. Namely, a single lens collects light and focusses this onto the retina, film , or CCD ....
 in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antenna
Antenna (biology)

Antennae are paired appendages connected to the front-most morphogenesis of arthropods. In crustaceans, they are biramous and present on the first two segments of the head, with the smaller pair known as antennules....
l segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandible
Mandible

The mandible or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower tooth in place. It also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beaks of birds....
s is rare, except in the genera Myrmoteras
Myrmoteras

Myrmoteras is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. They have enormous eyes, a character found in other ancient genera, and extremely elongate mandibles with eight to sixteen teeth....
 and Polyergus
Polyergus

Polyergus, or Legionnaire ant, is a small genus of 6 described species of "dulosis" ants, sometimes called Amazon ants. Its workers are incapable of caring for brood, in part due to their dagger-like, piercing mandibles, but more importantly, because in the evolution of their parasitism, they have lost the "behavioral wiring"...
. On the other hand, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as slave-making and symbiosis with root-feeding homopterans. Finally, all formicines have a very reduced sting and enlarged venom reservoir, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of formic acid
Formic acid

Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. Its formula is hydrogencarbonoxygenOH or CH2O2. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in the venom of bee and ant stingers....
.

Classification

The tribal
Tribe (biology)

In biology, a tribe — or infrafamily — is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes....
 structure of Formicinae is not completely understood. This list follows the scheme at , but there are other schemes and names.

  • Camponotini
    • Calomyrmex
    • Camponotus – Carpenter ant
      Carpenter ant

      Carpenter ants are large ants Indigenous to many parts of the world. They prefer dead, damp wood in which to build nests. Sometimes carpenter ants will hollow out sections of trees....
      s (Global)
    • Chaemeromyrma
    • Echinopla
    • Forelophilus
    • Opisthopsis
    • Overbeckia
    • Phasmomyrmex
    • Polyrhachis (Asian, African tropics)
    • Pseudocamponotus
  • Formicini
    • Alloformica
    • Bajcaridris
    • Cataglyphis
      Cataglyphis

      Cataglyphis is a genus of ant in the subfamily Formicinae. Its most famous species is C. bicolor, the Sahara Desert ant, which runs on hot sand to find insects that died of heat exhaustion, and can sustain body temperatures of up to 50?Celsius....
    • Formica
      Formica

      Formica is a genus of ants. It is the type genus of the family Formicidae and the subfamily Formicinae, and in turn Formicas own type species is the European red wood ant Formica rufa....
       – Wood ants
    • Polyergus – Amazon ants
    • Proformica
    • Protoformica
    • Rossomyrmex
  • Gesomyrmecini
    • Gesomyrmex
    • Prodimorphomyrmex
    • Santschiella
    • Sicilomyrmex
  • Gigantopini
    • Gigantiops (Neotropical)
  • Lasiini
    • Acanthomyops
      Acanthomyops

      Acanthomyops is a genus of ant in the family Formicidae. It includes the following species:* Acanthomyops latipes*       Acanthomyops murphii...
    • Acropyga
      Acropyga

      Acropyga is a genus of small Formicinae ants.Some species can be indirect pests. A. acutiventris, which is found from India to Australia, tends subterranean, root-feeding mealybugs of the species Xenococcus Xenococcus annandalei....
    • Anoplolepis
      Anoplolepis

      Anoplolepis is a genus of ant in the family Formicidae....
    • Cladomyrma
    • Lasiophanes
    • Lasius
      Lasius

      Lasius Pierre Andr? Latreille is a genus of boreal Formicinae ants.Included within this genus is the common black garden ant, Lasius niger, and its close relatives from dry heathland, Lasius alienus and Lasius neoniger....
    • Myrmecocystus
    • Prolasius
    • Stigmacros
    • Teratomyrmex
  • Melophorini
    • Melophorus (Australian)
  • Myrmecorhynchini
    • Myrmecorhynchus
    • Notoncus
    • Pseudonotoncus
  • Myrmoteranini
    • Myrmoteras
      Myrmoteras

      Myrmoteras is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. They have enormous eyes, a character found in other ancient genera, and extremely elongate mandibles with eight to sixteen teeth....
  • Notostigmatini
    • Notostigma
  • Oecophyllini
    • Oecophylla – Weaver ant
      Weaver ant

      Weaver ants or Green ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae . Weaver ants are obligately arboreal and are known for their unique nest building behaviour where workers construct nests by weaving together leaves using larval silk....
      s
  • Plagiolepidini
    Plagiolepidini

    Plagiolepidini are an ant Tribe from the subfamily Formicinae.The following genera belong to this subfamily:*Agraulomyrmex*Aphomomyrmex...
    • Agraulomyrmex
    • Aphomomyrmex
    • Brachymyrmex
      Brachymyrmex

      Brachymyrmex is a subfamily of ants in the Formicidae family which are generally very small and tend to be found in tropical or neo-tropical regions....
    • Bregmatomyrma
    • Euprenolepsis
    • Myrmelachista
    • Paratrechina
      Paratrechina

      Paratrechina is an ant genus from the subfamily Formicinae .There are over 150 described species and subspecies, some of which occur on every continent ....
       – Crazy ants
    • Petalomyrmex
    • Plagiolepis
      Plagiolepis

      Plagiolepis is an ant genus of the formic acid-producing subfamily Formicinae.Species include:* Plagiolepis ampeloni*       Plagiolepis grassei...
    • Pseudaphomomyrmex
    • Pseudolasius
    • Tapinolepis
  • Incertae sedis
    Incertae sedis

    Incertae sedis , abbreviation "inc. sed.", is a term used to define a taxonomy group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined....
    • Eucharis
    • Imhoffia
    • Kyromyrma (fossil
      Fossil

      Fossils are the preserved remains or trace fossil of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. The totality of fossils, both discovered and undiscovered, and their placement in fossiliferous Rock formations and sedimentary rock layers is known as the fossil record....
      : Cretaceous
      Cretaceous

      The Cretaceous , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide, is a geologic period from circa to million years ago . In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows on the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period....
      )
    • Leucotaphus
    • Protrechina
    • Tylolasius


External links

  • at
  • Kye S. Hedlund,