Flue gas

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Flue gas

Flue gas is gas

Gas

In physics, a gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion....
that exits to the atmosphere via a flue

Flue

A flue is a Duct , pipe, or chimney for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, furnace, water heater, boiler, or Electrical generator to the outdoors....
, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace

Furnace

File:Piec krepa.JPGA furnace is a device used for heating. The name derives from Latin fornax, oven. The earliest furnace was excavated at Balakot, a site of the Indus Valley Civilization, dating back to its mature phase ....
, boiler

Boiler

A boiler is a closed Pressure vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications....
or steam generator

Steam generator

A steam generator is a device used to boil water to create steam. It may refer to:*Boiler , a closed vessel in which water is heated under pressure...
. Quite often, it refers to the combustion

Combustion

Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat or both heat and light in the form of either a glow or flames, appearance of light flickering....
exhaust gas produced at power plants. Its composition depends on what is being burned, but it will usually consist of mostly nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
(typically more than two-thirds) derived from the combustion air, carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
(CO₂) and water vapor

Water vapor

Water vapor or water vapour , also aqueous vapor, is the gas phase of water . Water vapor is one Phase of the water cycle within the hydrosphere....
as well as excess oxygen

Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
(also derived from the combustion air).

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Encyclopedia

Flue gas is gas

Gas

Flue

Furnace

Boiler

Steam generator

A steam generator is a device used to boil water to create steam. It may refer to:*Boiler , a closed vessel in which water is heated under pressure...
. Quite often, it refers to the combustion

Combustion

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Water vapor

Water vapor or water vapour , also aqueous vapor, is the gas phase of water . Water vapor is one Phase of the water cycle within the hydrosphere....
as well as excess oxygen

Oxygen

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless and odorless, tasteless, yet highly toxic gas. Its molecules consist of one carbon atom covalent bond to one oxygen atom....
, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

For each ton of oil or coal fuel burned at a power plant, the flue gas contains 3 to 3.5 tons of carbon dioxide.

At power plants, flue gas is often treated with a series of chemical processes and scrubber

Scrubber

Scrubber systems are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams....
s, which remove pollutants. Electrostatic precipitators

Electrostatic precipitator

An electrostatic precipitator , or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic charge....
or fabric filters remove particulate matter and flue gas desulfurization

Flue gas desulfurization

Flue gas desulfurization is commonly known as FGD and is the technology used for removing sulfur dioxide from the exhaust Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion in Fossil fuel power plant that burn coal or oil to produce steam for the steam turbines that drive their electricity generators....
captures the sulfur

Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels, particularly coal. Nitrogen oxides are treated either by modifications to the combustion process to prevent their formation, or by high temperature or catalytic reaction with ammonia or urea. In either case, the aim is to produce nitrogen gas, rather than nitrogen oxides. In the US there is a rapid deployment of technologies to remove mercury from flue gas - typically by adsorption on sorbents or by capture in inert solids as part of the flue gas desulfurization product.

Technologies based on regenerative capture by amines for the removal of CO₂ from flue gas have been deployed to provide high purity gas to the food industry. They are now under active research as a method for CO₂ capture for long-term storage as a means of greenhouse gas remediation.

There are a range of emerging technologies for removing pollutants emitted from power plants. As yet, there is very little performance data available from large-scale industrial applications of such technologies and none has achieved significant penetration of the enormous worldwide market.

Flue gas

See also