In a number of countries, plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas. Some countries have a country-wide
floral emblem; others in addition have symbols representing subdivisions. Different processes have been used to adopt these symbols - some are conferred by government bodies, whereas others are the result of informal public polls. The term floral emblem, which refers to flowers specifically, is primarily used in
AustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the continental mainland , the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans...
and
CanadaCanada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
. In the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, the term
state flower is more often used.
Antigua & Barbuda
The national flower of Antigua & Barbuda is
Agave karatto, also known as Dagger Log or Batta Log.
Argentina
The national flower of Argentina is the flower of the
ceiboErythrina crista-galli is a flowering tree in the family Fabaceae, native to Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Paraguay. It is widely planted as a street or garden tree in other countries, most notably in California...
tree, also known as seibo or bucaré
(Erythrina crista-galli)
Barbados
The national flower of
BarbadosBarbados , situated just east of the Caribbean Sea, is an independent West Indian Continental Island-nation in the western Atlantic Ocean. For over three centuries Barbados was a colony and protectorate of the United Kingdom; and still currently maintains Queen Elizabeth II as head of state...
is the known locally as the Pride of Barbados (
Caesalpinia pulcherrimaIn the genus Caesalpinia the most popularly planted species is Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Common names for this species include Poinciana, Peacock Flower, Red Bird of Paradise, Mexican Bird of Paradise, Dwarf Poinciana, Pride of Barbados, and flamboyan-de-jardin. It is a shrub growing to 3 m tall,...
).
Bolivia
Bolivian national flowers are Kantuta (
Catua buxifolia) and patujú (
Heliconia rostrata)
Canada
The
maple leafThe maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is the most widely recognized national symbol of Canada.At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the settlements of New France had attained a population of about 18,000...
is widely used as a symbol for
CanadaCanada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
.
Many Canadian flags and coat of arms have floral emblems on them. The
Flag of MontrealThe Flag of Montreal was first displayed in May 1939, and is based on the city's coat of arms. The flag's proportions are 1:2 in a symmetric cross.-Symbolism:...
has four floral emblems. On the right side of the
Flag of SaskatchewanThe flag of Saskatchewan features the armorial bearings in the upper quarter nearest the staff, with the floral emblem, the western red lily, in the fly. The upper green half of the flag represents the northern Saskatchewan forest lands, while the gold lower half symbolizes the southern, prairie...
overlapping both green and gold halves is the western red lily, the provincial floral emblem. The
Coat of Arms of Port Coquitlam- Symbols :The shield blends the themes of native and natural heritage and the railway. The central band or heraldic fess features a special edge implying a conifer twig , originally developed by a Finnish heraldic artist. The fess represents a pathway, with the edge suggesting the City's green...
has the City's floral emblem, the azalea displayed on a collar. The
Coat of Arms of Prince Edward IslandThe Coat of Arms of Prince Edward Island was begun when the shield and motto in the achievement were granted in 1905 by royal warrant of the late King Edward VII.-History:In the chief of the shield is the lion passant of England...
displays
Lady's SlipperLady's slipper orchids, lady slipper orchids or slipper orchids are the orchids in the subfamily Cypripedioidea, which includes the genera Cypripedium, Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium and Selenipedium...
s, the floral emblem of the Island. The
Coat of Arms of Nova ScotiaThe Coat of Arms of the Province of Nova Scotia is the oldest provincial achievement of arms in Canada, and the oldest British coat of arms outside Great Britain. It was granted in 1625 by King Charles I for the first Scottish colony on the Canadian mainland...
has the trailing arbutus or mayflower, the floral emblem of Nova Scotia, added when the arms were reassumed in 1929.
Quebec
- Quebec
Quebec is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking identity and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....
– Iris versicolorIris versicolor, also commonly known as the Harlequin Blueflag, the Larger Blue Flag, and other variations of those names, is a species of Iris native to North America where it is common in sedge meadows, marshes, and along streambanks and shores.-Growth:I. versicolor is a perennial herb, growing...
, Madonna lilyLilium candidum is a plant in the genus Lilium, one of the true lilies. It is native to the Balkans and West Asia. It forms bulbs at ground level, and unlike other lilies, has a basal rosette of leaves through the winter, which die back in summer...
(until 1999 but still on the flag), Maple LeafThe maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is the most widely recognized national symbol of Canada.At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the settlements of New France had attained a population of about 18,000...
Newfoundland and Labrador
The Pitcher Plant was officially declared as the provincial flower in 1954 but appeared on the colony's coinage as early as the 1880s. It can be found in the marshlands of the province feeding on insects that fall into its leaves and drown.
Colombia
Cattleya trianaeCattleya trianae , or Flor de Mayo , is a plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family. It grows as an epiphytic orchid, with succulent leaves, endemic to Colombia where it was nominated as the National Flower in November 1936...
is the national flower of
ColombiaColombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean...
and is the Orchid which flowers in May. The May flower was chosen because the colors are the same as those of the
Colombian flagThe flag of Colombia was adopted on November 26, 1863. It is a horizontal tricolour of yellow, blue and red. The yellow stripe takes up the top half of the flag and the blue and red take up a quarter of the space each.
-Symbolism and Design:...
.
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic's national flower is the Caoba
(Swietenia mahagoniSwietenia mahagoni, commonly known as the West Indian Mahogany, is a species of Swietenia that is native to southern Florida in the United States as well as the islands of The Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. Its flower is the national flower of the Dominican Republic.It is a medium-sized...
) or
MahoganyThe name mahogany is used when referring to numerous varieties of dark-coloured hardwood, it is an American Indian word originally used for the wood of the species Swietenia mahagoni, known as West Indian or Cuban mahogany. Mahogany it was next equally applied to the wood of Swietenia macrophylla,...
tree flower.
Nicaragua
NicaraguaNicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km
2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of...
's national flower is the Sancuanjoche (
Plumeria rubra var albaPlumeria rubra is a deciduous plant belonging to the genus Plumeria. Its common names are Red Frangipani, Common Frangipani or Temple Tree. Its native range extends from central Mexico south through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela in South America.Plumeria rubra can grow to a height of...
), and was declared the country's national flower on August 17, 1971. Its name is derived from
NicaraoNicarao is the name of the then-leader and/or the capital city of the most populous indigenous tribe when the Spanish arrived in Nicaragua. Gil González Dávila, who first explored the area, came up with this Central American country's name by combining Nicarao and the Spanish word Agua, meaning...
, the name of the Nahuatl-speaking tribe which inhabited
NicaraguaNicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km
2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of...
; "xacuan"(sacuan) means beautiful yellow petals and "xochilt"(joche) means flower. The flower can be found in the
Masaya VolcanoMasaya is a Shield volcano located 20 km south of Managua, Nicaragua. It is Nicaragua's first and largest National Park, and one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua. The volcanic complex is composed of a nested set of calderas and craters, the largest of which is Las Sierras shield volcano and...
National Park among other places.
NicaraguaNicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km
2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of...
and
LaosLaos , officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
share the same national flower under different local names. In Laos it is named "Champa".
Panama
PanamaPanama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of both Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the...
's national flower is the Holy Ghost Orchid or La Flor del Espiritu Santo (
Peristeria elataPeristeria is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae commonly called Dove Orchid or Holy Ghost Orchid. In line with the common name, the genus' name is from the Greek word peristerion meaning "from dove"...
). It is best known for its ivory color petals.
Peru
The national flower of Peru is the
Cantuta240px|right|thumb|Cantutas in [[Taquile Island]], [[Lake Titicaca]], [[Peru]].The Cantuta is a flowering plant found in the high valleys of the yungas. It is the national flower of Peru and one of two national flowers of Bolivia, the other being the Patujú...
(often spelled
Kantuta or
Qantuta, from
QuechuaQuechua is a Native American language family spoken primarily in the Andes of South America, derived from an original common ancestor language, Proto-Quechua. It is the most widely spoken language family of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, with a total of probably some 6 to 8 million speakers...
qantu)(
cantua buxifolia). It can be found at the high valleys of the Andean territory, in
PeruPeru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico...
and
BoliviaBolivia, officially Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, and Chile and Peru to the west....
.
United States
In 1986 President
Ronald ReaganRonald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States and the 33rd Governor of California .Born in Tampico, Illinois, Reagan moved to Los Angeles, California in the 1930s...
signed legislation to make the
roseA rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colours. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles...
the floral emblem of the United States. In the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
,
state flowers and
state trees have been adopted as symbols by state legislatures.
Lewis MumfordLewis Mumford was an American historian and philosopher of technology and science. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a tremendously broad career as a writer that also included a period as an influential literary critic...
remarked “Our national flower is the
concrete cloverleafA cloverleaf interchange is a two-level interchange in which left turns are handled by loop roads...
.”
Bangladesh
The national flower and national emblem of
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...
is the shapla
(Nymphaea pubescens) See also:
National Emblem of BangladeshThe National Emblem of Bangladesh was adopted shortly after independence in 1971.Located on the emblem is a water lily, that is bordered on two sides by rice sheaves. Above the water lilly are four stars and a three connected jute leaves. The water lily is the country's national flower, and is...
.
Cambodia
- Cambodia
The Kingdom of Cambodia , formerly known as Kampuchea , is a country in South East Asia with a population of over 14 million people. The kingdom's capital and largest city is Phnom Penh...
– Romduol (Mitrella mesnyi) or Melodorum fruticosumMelodorum is a genus of plant in family Annonaceae.-Species:Genus Melodorum contains 55 species, among which the following deserve mention:...
(flower), "Chicken-egg bananaBanana is the common name for a herbaceous plants of the genus Musa, and the commonly eaten fruit it produces. They are native to the tropical region of Southeast Asia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. Today, they are cultivated throughout the tropics.Banana...
" (fruit)
People's Republic of China
The floral emblem of
ChinaChina is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
is usually the
Rock's PeonyRock's peony or Rock's tree peony is a woody species of peony that is named after Joseph Rock. It is one of several species given the vernacular name tree peony, and is native to the mountains of midwestern China, mainly in Gansu and adjoining provinces...
(unofficial) or
peonyPeony or paeony is a name for plants in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America. Boundaries between species are not clear and estimates of the number of species range from 25 to 40...
, also
SunflowerSunflowers are annual plants native to the Americas, that possess a large inflorescence .-Description :...
(obsolete),
plum blossomPrunus mume, commonly known as or Japanese apricot, or Chinese plum is a species of Asian plum in the family Rosaceae. The flower, long a beloved subject in the traditional painting of East Asia and Vietnam, is usually translated as plum blossom.The tree originates from China, and was brought to...
, and
ChrysanthemumChrysanthemums, often called mums, are a genus of about 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Asia and northeastern Europe.-Taxonomy:...
.
Hong Kong
Bauhinia blakeanaBauhinia × blakeana is an evergreen tree, in the genus Bauhinia, with large thick leaves and striking purplish red flowers. The fragrant, orchid-like flowers are usually 10-15 cm across, and bloom from early November to the end of March...
, a native species discovered in Hong Kong, is the floral emblem of
Hong KongHong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a highly autonomous territory of the People's Republic of China, facing Guangdong to the north and the South China Sea to the east, west and south...
. It was chosen as the logo of the Urban Council in 1965. It was later incorporated in the flag and emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China after the
1997 handover of Hong KongThe transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, referred to as the Reunification by Chinese and the Handover by British press, took place on 1 July 1997...
from the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
to the
People's Republic of ChinaThe People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the most populous in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately one-fifth of the world's population...
.
Republic of India
The flower of India is the
LotusLotus identifies various plant taxa:* Nelumbo, a genus of aquatic plants with showy flowers, and the source of lotus seeds used in Chinese medicine and desserts.** Nelumbo nucifera, an archetypal species in the genus...
(
Nelumbo nuciferaNelumbo nucifera, known by a number of names including Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, or simply lotus, is a plant in the Nelumbonaceae family. Botanically, Nelumbo nucifera may also be referred to by its former names, Nelumbium speciosum or Nymphaea nelumbo. This plant is an aquatic...
). This is due to the Hindu Goddess
LakshmiLakshmi is the Hindu goddess of wealth, prosperity, light, wisdom, fortune, fertility, generosity and courage; and the embodiment of beauty, grace and charm...
as she is often seen standing inside a
LotusLotus identifies various plant taxa:* Nelumbo, a genus of aquatic plants with showy flowers, and the source of lotus seeds used in Chinese medicine and desserts.** Nelumbo nucifera, an archetypal species in the genus...
and
MangoMangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The mango is indigenous to the Indian Subcontinent...
(National Fruit).
Indonesia
The national flowers of
IndonesiaThe Republic of Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With an estimated population of around 237 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, with the world's largest population of Muslims.Indonesia is a republic, with an...
are
MelatiJasminum sambac is a species of jasmine native to southwestern and southern Asia, in the Philippines, India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka....
(
Jasminum sambac), Moon Orchid (
Phalaenopsis amabilisPhalaenopsis amabilis, commonly known as the Moon Orchid, is a species of orchid.It was first discovered on a small island off the east coast of New Guinea by native botanist Georgius Everhardus Rumphius in 1653; however, he named it Angraecum ablum majus...
),
Rafflesia arnoldiiRafflesia arnoldii is a member of the genus Rafflesia. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth. It occurs only in the rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo in the Malay Archipelago...
and
Titan arumThe titan arum or Amorphophallus titanum is a flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world...
Israel
- Israel
Israel officially the State of Israel , is a developed state in Western Asia located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its...
- CyclamenCyclamen is a genus of 23 species of flowering plants, traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae, but in recent years reclassified in the family Myrsinaceae...
(Rakefet רקפת in Hebrew)
Japan
Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
's national government has never formally named a "national flower." (The green pheasant was named as national bird [by a non-government body] in 1947, but it wasn't until 1999 that the national flag and national anthem were officially passed into law.)
Many consider the national flower of Japan to be the 'Japanese Flowering Cherry' or
Cherry blossomA cherry blossom is the name for the flower of cherry trees known as Sakura in Japanese. In English, the word "sakura" is equivalent to the Japanese flowering cherry...
, while a stylized picture of a
chrysanthemumChrysanthemums, often called mums, are a genus of about 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Asia and northeastern Europe.-Taxonomy:...
is used as the official seal of the
Japanese Imperial FamilyThe , also referred to as the Imperial Family, or the Yamato Dynasty, comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties. Under the present Constitution of Japan, the emperor is the symbol of the state and unity of the people...
. (See picture.)
Malaysia
The national flower of
MalaysiaMalaysia is a country in Southeast Asia that consists of thirteen states and three Federal Territories, with a total landmass of . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population stands at over 28 million inhabitants...
is the Chinese Hibiscus or bunga raya (
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).
Kedah ( pokok temucut )
The state flower for the
stateMalaysia is a federation which consists of thirteen states and three federal territories . Eleven states and two federal territories are located on the Malay Peninsula while the remaining two states and one federal territory are on the island of Borneo.-West Malaysia, on the Malay...
of
SarawakSarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang , it is situated on the north-west of the island...
in eastern
MalaysiaMalaysia is a country in Southeast Asia that consists of thirteen states and three Federal Territories, with a total landmass of . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population stands at over 28 million inhabitants...
is
Phalaenopsis bellina.
Maldives
- Maldives
The Maldives , or Maldive Islands, officially Republic of Maldives, is an island country in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls stretching along north-south direction off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and Chagos Archipelago...
– Fiyaathoshi Finifenmaa, Pink RoseA rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colours. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles...
(Rose Polyantha)
Pakistan
The
floral emblem are the
National symbolsA national symbol is a symbol of any entity considering itself and manifesting itself to the world as a national community – namely sovereign states, but also nations and countries in a state of colonial or other dependence, federal integration, or even an ethnocultural community considered a...
of the
countryIn geography, a country is a geographical region. The term is often applied to a political division or the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region...
constituting the
nation-stateThe nation-state is a certain form of state that derives its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit. The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity...
such as the
Poet's JasmineJasminium officinale or is a species of jasmine, in the family Oleaceae. It is widely recognised as the National flower of Pakistan....
(National flower of Pakistan) and
RhododendronRhododendron is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It is a large genus with over 1000 species and most have showy flower displays. It includes the plants known to gardeners as azaleas...
the (State flower) and the
ChinarPlatanus orientalis, translated into English as the Oriental plane, is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family, known for its longevity and spreading crown. The species name derives from its historical distribution eastward from the Balkans, where it was recognized in ancient Greek...
(State tree) in the
Regional stateIn political geography, a regional state is a state more centralized than a federation, but less centralized than an unitary state. Regional states include federations in which power has become more centralized, and unitary states in which some power has been devolved to regional governments...
of
Jammu and KashmirJammu and Kashmir is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the Pakistani...
(disputed territory), Deodar (National tree of Pakistan),
MangoMangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The mango is indigenous to the Indian Subcontinent...
(National fruit of Pakistan),
Provincial floral emblem of Pakistan
The ProvincialProvincial indicates anything pertaining to a province.Provincial may also mean "not from a large city". Historically many countries did not include their capital city in their division into provinces. As a result "provincial" meant from anywhere outside the capital, leading to this occasional...
floral emblems of Pakistan are the symbols of the four constituting provincesPakistan is subdivided into four provinces, two federally administered areas and a federal capital territory. The provinces are subdivided into more than a hundred Zillahs, or districts and further subdivided into Tehsils...
of the nation-stateThe nation-state is a certain form of state that derives its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit. The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity...
.
- Islamabad Capital Territory
The Islamabad Capital Territory is one of the two federal territories of Pakistan. It includes Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, and covers an area of 1,165.5 km² of which 906 km² is Islamabad proper...
- Common figThe Common fig is a large, deciduous shrub or small tree native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region . It grows to a height of tall, with smooth grey bark. The leaves are long and across, and deeply lobed with three or five lobes. The fruit is long, with a green skin,...
(Territorial tree) and the RoseA rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colours. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles...
(Territorial flower)
- Balochistan (Pakistan)
Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by geographical area, constituting approximately 48% of the total area of Pakistan. At the 1998 census, Balochistan had a population of roughly 6.5 million. Its neighbouring regions are Iran to the west, Afghanistan and the North West Frontier...
- Date palmPhoenix dactylifera , commonly known as the Date Palm, is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible sweet fruit...
(Provincial tree) and Ephedra (genus)Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the northern hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the...
(Provincial flower)
- North-West Frontier Province
The North-West Frontier Province is the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan...
- Juniperus squamataJuniperus squamata is a species of juniper native to the Himalaya and China, from northeastern Afghanistan east to western Yunnan in southwestern China, and with disjunct populations north to western Gansu and east to Fujian...
(Provincial tree) and Morina----Morina is a genus of the angiosperm family Morinaceae. It is the provincial flower of the North-West Frontier Province...
(Provincial flower)
- Punjab (Pakistan)
The Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the country's most populous region with about 45% of Pakistan's total population. The Punjab is home to the Punjabis and various other groups...
- PomegranateThe pomegranate is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing to between five and eight meters tall. The pomegranate is native to Southwest Asia and has been cultivated in the Caucasus since ancient times...
(Provincial tree) and Justicia adhatodaJusticia adhatoda Justicia adhatoda Justicia adhatoda (Adulsa, Malabar Nut; syn. Adhatoda vasica Nees is a medicinal plant native to Asia.The plant is found abudently in wild in all over Nepal, India, Pothohar region of Pakistan particularly Pharwala area, within Pakistan it is the Provincial...
(Provincial flower)
- Sindh
Sindh , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Different cultural and ethnic groups also reside in Sindh including Urdu-speaking Muslim refugees who migrated to Pakistan from India upon independence as well as the people migrated from other provinces after...
- Capparis deciduaCapparis decidua is commonly known as kerda, kair, karir, kirir, karril, etc. .- Tree characteristics :...
(Provincial tree) and Water hyacinthThe seven species of water hyacinth comprise the genus Eichhornia. Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial aquatic plant native to tropical South America. With broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves, water hyacinth may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 meter in height. The leaves...
(Provincial flower)
Also See: National Emblem of PakistanThe State Emblem of Pakistan was adopted in 1954. The emblem's green colour and the star and crescent at the top are symbols of Islam, the religion with which most Pakistani citizens identify. In the center is a quartered shield, with each quarter containing a major crop of Pakistan at the time of...
.
Sri Lanka
Sri LankaSri Lanka , officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka , is an island country in South Asia, located about off the southern coast of India...
-
Nil Mānel, Star lotus (
Nymphaea nouchaliNymphaea nouchali, commonly known as the Red and blue water lily, Blue star water lily, Star lotus, or by its synonym Nymphaea stellata, is a water lily of genus Nymphaea.-Distribution and habitat:...
). Since
"Nil" means ‘blue’ in Sinhala, the Sinhalese name of this plant is often rendered as "
blue lotusBlue lotus may refer to:* Nymphaea caerulea, an aquatic flower* Nymphaea nouchali, an aquatic flower* Nelumbo nucifera, an aquatic flower* The Blue Lotus, a book in the Tintin series...
" in English.
This beautiful aquatic flower appears in the
SigiriyaSigiriya is an ancient rock fortress and palace ruin situated in the central Matale District of Sri Lanka, surrounded by the remains of an extensive network of gardens, reservoirs, and other structures. A popular tourist destination, Sigiriya is also renowned for its ancient paintings , which are...
frescoes and has been mentioned in
SanskritSanskrit is a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. It is also declared as a classical language by the government of India....
,
Pali
and Sinhala literary works since ancient times under the names
"Kuvalaya",
"Indhīwara",
"Niluppala",
"Nilothpala" and
"Nilupul" as a symbol of virtue, discipline and purity. Buddhist lore in Sri Lanka claims that this flower was one of the 108 auspicious signs found on Prince
SiddharthaThe word Siddhartha is joined by two parts- Siddh+Artha. Siddh means to fulfil/prove and Artha in Sanskrit means "Meaning". Hence, the Meaning derived from the word "Siddhartha" is one who proves himself...
's footprint.
Republic of China (Taiwan)
The
national flowerThe National Flower of the Republic of China was officially designated as the five petaled plum blossom by the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China on July 21, 1964. The flower has great symbolic value for the people of the ROC. The triple grouping of stamens represents Dr...
for the
Republic of ChinaThe Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia that has evolved from a single-party state with full global recognition and jurisdiction over China into a democratic state with limited international recognition and jurisdiction only over Taiwan and minor islands, though it...
is the Plum Blossom.
Thailand
The national flower for
ThailandThe Kingdom of Thailand is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia.It is bordered to the north by Laos and Burma, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and Burma...
is
Golden Shower TreeThe Golden Shower Tree is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to southern Asia, from southern Pakistan east through India to Myanmar and south to Sri Lanka. It is the national tree of Thailand.-Growth:It is a medium-sized tree growing to 10-20 m tall with fast growth...
, locally called
dok khuen or
Rachapruek
Australia
The floral emblem of Australia is the
Golden WattleGolden Wattle is Australia's floral emblem. It is a tree which flowers in late winter and spring, producing a mass of fragrant, fluffy, golden flowers.-Description:...
(Acacia pycnantha). Floral emblems have also been adopted by each state and territory. See
List of Australian floral emblems for a complete list.
New Zealand
The "Silver Fern" (foliage) is acknowledged as a national emblem in New Zealand. Other plant emblems are:
KoruThe koru is the Māori name given to the new unfurling fern frond and symbolizes new life, growth, strength and peace. It is an integral symbol in Māori art, carving and tattoos. The circular shape of the Koru helps to convey the idea of perpeptual movement while the inner coil suggests a return to...
(a curled fern symbol) and
KowhaiKowhai are small, woody legume trees in the genus Sophora native to New Zealand. There are eight species, S. microphylla being the most common.Kowhai trees grow throughout the country and are a common feature in New Zealand gardens...
(a native tree with yellow cascading flowers).
Armenia
- Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
– Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca) and PomegranateThe pomegranate is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing to between five and eight meters tall. The pomegranate is native to Southwest Asia and has been cultivated in the Caucasus since ancient times...
, which symbolizes fertility in Armenian belief.
Albania
The floral emblem of
AlbaniaAlbania , officially the Republic of Albania , is a Mediterranean country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the north, Kosovo to the northeast, Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south-east...
is the red and black
poppyA poppy is any of a number of colorful flowers, typically withone per stem, belonging to the poppy family. They include a number of attractive wildflower species with colorful flowers found growing singularly or in large groups; many species are also grown in gardens...
. The poppy can be found everywhere in this Mediterranean country, and are recognized for their beauty, medicinal value, and seeds.
County flowers in Ireland
- Bog-rosemary
Andromeda polifolia, commonly known as Bog-rosemary, is a heath found across northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Bog rosemary is only found in bogs in cold peat-accumulating areas....
is the county flower of County OffalyCounty Offaly is one of the traditional counties of Ireland and is located within the province of Leinster. It was named after the of Kingdom of Uí Failghe. Offaly is the 18th largest of Ireland’s 32 counties in area and 23rd largest in terms of population...
http://www.destinations-uk.com/ireland.php?countyid=65
County Flowers of Norway
- Lily-of-the-valley was chosen as the county flower of Østfold
is a county in southeastern Norway, bordering Akershus and southwestern Sweden , while Buskerud and Vestfold is on the other side of the bay. The county administration is in Sarpsborg, and Fredrikstad is the largest city....
http://www.ostfold-f.kommune.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=377&I=17148
- Globe flower is the county flower of Troms
or Romsa is a county in North Norway, bordering Finnmark to the northeast and Nordland in the southwest. To the south is Norrbotten Län in Sweden and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea...
http://www.tromsofoto.net/troms_county.htm
Portugal
- Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east...
- LavenderThe lavenders are a genus of 39 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region south to tropical Africa and to the southeast regions of India. The genus includes annuals, herbaceous plants, subshrubs, and small shrubs...
, Olive leavesThe Olive is a species of a small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin, from Lebanon, Syria and the maritime parts of Turkey and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea...
, Cork OakThe Cork Oak is a medium-sized, evergreen oak tree in the section Quercus sect. Cerris, and the primary source of cork for wine bottle stoppers and other uses. It is native to southwest Europe and northwest Africa....
, Red Carnation, SunflowerSunflowers are annual plants native to the Americas, that possess a large inflorescence .-Description :...
and Blue-White HydrangeaHydrangea is a genus of about 70-75 species of flowering plants native to southern and eastern Asia and North and South America. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China, Korea, and Japan...
Spain
- Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
[The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...]
– Carnation
The national flower of Spain is considered to be the carnation, in
SpanishSpanish or Castilian is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that originated in northern Spain and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile, evolving into the principal language of government and trade in the Iberian peninsula...
clavel. Essentially it's associated with Spanish folklore, especially from southern Spain, or Andalusia.
In any case, it's not only related to the more seedy side of Spain, like
gipsyThe Romani people in Spain are generally known as Gitanos. Spanish Romanies tend to speak Caló which is basically Andalusian Spanish with a large number of Romani loan words...
's
lapelsJacket lapels are the folded flaps of cloth on the front of a jacket or coat, and are most commonly found on formal clothing and suit jackets. Usually they are formed by folding over the front edges of the jacket or coat and sewing them to the collar, an extra piece of fabric around the back of the...
or thrown into the bullringruedos, but it's also associated with
RenacentistThe Spanish Renaissance refers to a movement in Spain, emerging from the Italian Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century, that spread to Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries...
a symbol of affection between lovers and especially as a religious symbol related to the
Jesus passionThe Passion is the Christian theological term used for the events and suffering – physical, spiritual, and mental – of Jesus in the hours before and including his trial and execution by crucifixion...
that represents the
Crown of ThornsIn Christianity, the Crown of Thorns, one of the instruments of the Passion, was woven of thorn branches and placed on Jesus before his crucifixion. It is mentioned in the Gospels of Matthew , Mark , and John and is often alluded to by the early Christian Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria,...
(
Clavos de Cristo).
It comes from the
catalan languageCatalan is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of the Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencian Community, where it is known as Valencià , as well as in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of...
word for
cloveCloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and India and used as a spice in cuisine all over the world...
: "clavell" because the carnation also has a nice fragrant aroma, as does this spice.
In
SpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
[The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...]
and America it symbolizes passion, and it's a very expressive
gestureA gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions are used to communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel with spoken words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body...
to bite its stem and hold the
clavel between one's teeth. In the Spanish
language of flowersThe language of flowers, sometimes called floriography, was a Victorian-era means of communication in which various flowers and floral arrangements were used to send coded messages, allowing individuals to express feelings which otherwise could not be spoken...
represents
caprice- Arts :*Caprice *Caprice *Los Caprichos - a series of prints by Goya- Entertainment :*Caprice , a 1967 film starring Richard Harris and Doris Day.*Caprice , by Charles Ludlam- Transportation :...
,
passion-Emotion:* Passion * Passions , emotional states as used in philosophical discussions* Stoic Passions, various forms of emotional suffering in Stoicism-Crucifixion of Jesus Christ:...
,
wishA wish is a hope or desire for something. Fictionally, wishes can be used as plot devices. In folklore, opportunities for "making a wish" or for wishes to "come true" or "be granted" are themes that are sometimes used.- In literature :...
and desire.
Sweden
Sweden has no national floral emblem, however, each of the traditional
provincesThe provinces of Sweden, landskap, are historical, geographical and cultural regions. Sweden has 25 provinces and they have no administrative function, but remain historical legacies and the means of cultural identification....
has a province flower.
Switzerland
- Switzerland
Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 states named cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities...
– EdelweissEdelweiss , is one of the best-known European mountain flowers, belonging to the sunflower family . The name comes from German edel and weiss...
, alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum), alpine gentian (Gentiana alpina)
United Kingdom
Each of the constituent countries of the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
has a traditional national floral symbol. In
EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
this is officially the
Tudor roseThe Tudor rose is the traditional floral heraldic emblem of England and takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty.-Origins:...
or unofficially the red
roseA rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colours. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles...
; in
Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and it is situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
the
flaxFlax is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. It is native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean to India and was probably first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. This is called as Agasi/Akshi in Kannada, Jawas/Javas or Alashi in Marathi...
,
orange lilyThe Orange Lily or Fire Lily is a lily species native to Europe.When offered as a gift, the Orange Lily also signifies death to the recipient.The Orange Lilly has long been recognised as a symbol of the Orange Order in Northern Ireland....
, or
shamrockThe shamrock is a symbol of Ireland. It is a three-leafed old white clover. It is sometimes of the variety Trifolium repens but today usually Trifolium dubium .The diminutive version of the Irish word for "clover" is "seamróg", which was anglicised as...
; in
ScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
the
thistleThistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterised by leaves with sharp prickles on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae. Prickles often occur all over the plant - on surfaces such as those of the stem and flat parts of leaves. These are an adaptation that protects the...
, Scottish bluebell (
harebellThe Harebell is a short to medium, slender, hairless, rhizomatous perennial in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. In Scotland, it is often known as the Bluebell, whereas elsewhere in Britain, "bluebell" refers to Hyacinthoides non-scripta.The species is very variable in form...
) or
heatherCalluna vulgaris, known as Common Heather, ling, or simply heather, is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the family Ericaceae. It is a low-growing perennial shrub growing to tall, or rarely to , and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in...
; and in
WalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It is also an elective region of the European Union...
the daffodil, leek or
sessile oakThe Sessile Oak , also known as Durmast Oak, is a species of oak native to most of Europe, and into Anatolia.-Description:...
.
County flowers in the United Kingdom
A
county flower is a
flowering plantThe flowering plants or angiosperms are the most diverse group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of seed plants...
chosen to symbolise a
countyA county is a land area of local government within a country. A county may have cities and towns within its area. Originally, in continental Europe, a county was the land under the jurisdiction of a count .Counts are called earls in post-Celtic Britain, Ireland and France—the term is from Old...
. They exist primarily in the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
, but some counties in other countries also have them.
One or two county flowers have a long history in
EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
- the Red rose of Lancashire dates from the
Middle AgesThe Middle Ages of European history is a period of European history covering roughly a millennium in the 5th century through 16th centuries. More specific starting and ending points are sometimes adopted by scholars to suit their respective specializations or current focus...
, for instance. However, the county flower concept was only extended to cover the whole United Kingdom in 2002, as a promotional tool by a charity. In that year, the plant conservation charity
PlantlifePlantlife is a wild plant conservation charity, founded in 1989. As of 2007, its membership was 10,500 and it owned 23 nature reserves around the UK. Its patron is HRH the Prince of Wales, its president is Adrian Darby OBE and its chairman is Roger Crofts...
ran a competition to choose county flowers for all counties, to celebrate the
Golden JubileeThe Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II was the international celebration marking the 50th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II to the thrones of seven countries. It was marked with large-scale events throughout London in June 2002, which were bookended by events in the other Commonwealth...
of
Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known informally as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,...
.
Plantlife's scheme is loosely based on Britain's
historic countiesThe counties of the United Kingdom are a type of subnational division of historical origin; by the Middle Ages they had become established as a unit of local government...
, and so some current local government areas are not represented by a flower, and some of the counties included no longer exist as administrative areas. Flowers were also chosen for thirteen major cities:
BelfastBelfast is the capital of and the largest city in Northern Ireland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom. It is the seat of devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. It is the largest urban area in the province of Ulster, and the second largest city on the island of...
,
BirminghamBirmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England. Birmingham is the second-most populous British city, with a population of 1,006,500 ....
,
BristolBristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London, and east of Cardiff.With an estimated population of 416,400 for the unitary authority in mid-2007, and a surrounding urban area with an estimated 561,500 residents, it is England's sixth, and...
,
CardiffCardiff is the capital, largest city and most populous county of Wales. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for many national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. According to recent estimates, the...
,
EdinburghEdinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. It is the second largest Scottish city, after Glasgow, and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas....
,
GlasgowGlasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
,
LeedsLeeds is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. The historic core at the heart of Leeds in 2001 had an estimated subdivision population of 443,247, whilst the entire city, that includes the urban and suburban areas incorporated into the city in 1974, had an estimated...
,
LiverpoolLiverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
,
London[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
,
ManchesterManchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2007, the population of the city was estimated to be 458,100...
, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
NottinghamNottingham is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England and is one of only eight members of the English Core Cities Group....
and
SheffieldSheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base...
. The Isles of Scilly was also treated as a county (distinct from Cornwall) for the purpose of the scheme. The
Isle of ManThe Isle of Man , or Mann , is a self-governing British Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Britain and Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Crown is represented by a Lieutenant Governor...
was included, but not the
Channel IslandsThe Channel Islands are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey...
.
A total of 94 flowers was chosen in the competition. 85 of the 109 counties have a unique county flower, but several species were chosen by more than one county.
FoxgloveDigitalis purpurea , is a flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae , native to most of Europe.-Description:...
or
Digitalis purpurea was chosen for four counties -
ArgyllArgyll , archaically Argyle , is a region of western Scotland corresponding with most of the part of ancient Dál Riata that was located on the island of Great Britain, and in a historical context can be used to mean the entire western seaboard between the Mull of Kintyre and Cape Wrath.The early...
, Birmingham,
LeicestershireLeicestershire or , abbreviation Leics.is a landlocked county in central England. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire...
and
MonmouthshireMonmouthshire , also known as the County of Monmouth , is one of thirteen ancient counties of Wales and a former administrative county....
- more than any other species. The following species were chosen for three counties each:
- Bog Rosemary Andromeda polifolia (Cardiganshire
Cardiganshire was an ancient county of Wales created in 1282. In extent it is more or less identical to Ceredigion, a county constituted as Cardiganshire in 1996, with the name reverting to Ceredigion a day later.-History:...
, KirkcudbrightThe Stewartry of Kirkcudbright or Kirkcudbrightshire was formerly a county of south-western Scotland...
and TyroneCounty Tyrone is one of the traditional counties of Ireland. It is located within the province of Ulster and is part of Northern Ireland....
)
- Cowslip
Primula veris is a flowering plant in the genus Primula. The species is native throughout most of temperate Europe and Asia, and although absent from more northerly areas including much of northwest Scotland, it reappears in northernmost Sutherland and Orkney.-Growth:It is a low growing herbaceous...
Primula veris (NorthamptonshireNorthamptonshire is a landlocked county in the English East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the 2001 census...
, SurreySurrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford...
and WorcestershireWorcestershire or ; abbreviated Worcs) is a historic and administrative county located in the West Midlands region of central England. In 1974 it was merged with the county of Herefordshire to form the single administrative county of Hereford and Worcester; which was divided in 1998,...
)
- Harebell
The Harebell is a short to medium, slender, hairless, rhizomatous perennial in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. In Scotland, it is often known as the Bluebell, whereas elsewhere in Britain, "bluebell" refers to Hyacinthoides non-scripta.The species is very variable in form...
Campanula rotundifolia (AntrimCounty Antrim is one of the traditional counties of Ireland. It is located within the province of Ulster and is part of Northern Ireland. It was named after the town of Antrim ....
, DumfriesshireDumfriesshire or the County of Dumfries is a registration county of Scotland. The lieutenancy area of Dumfries has similar boundaries.Until 1975 it was a county. Its county town was Dumfries...
and YorkshireYorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the British Isles. Because of its great size, functions were increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as...
)
- Thrift
Armeria maritima is the botanical name for a species of flowering plant.It is a popular garden flower, known by several common names, including "thrift", "sea thrift", and "sea pink". The plant has been distributed worldwide as a garden and cut flower...
Armeria maritima (ButeshireThe County of Bute is one of the registration counties of Scotland. In 2001 its usually resident population was 13,720.-Local government county:...
, PembrokeshirePembrokeshire is a county in the southwest of Wales.-Geography:Pembrokeshire is a maritime county, bordered by the sea on three sides, by Ceredigion to the north east and by Carmarthenshire to the east...
and the Isles of Scilly)
And the following species were chosen for two counties:
- Grass-of-parnassus Parnassia palustris (Cumberland
Cumberland was a historic county of north west England, on the border with Scotland, from the twelfth century to 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 and now forms part of Cumbria....
and SutherlandSutherland is a registration county, lieutenancy area and historic administrative county of Scotland. It is now within the Highland local government area. In Gaelic the area is referred to according to its traditional areas: Dùthaich 'Ic Aoidh , Asainte , and Cataibh...
)
- Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris (Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west...
and HertfordshireHertfordshire , abbreviated Herts, is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford....
)
- Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas (Essex
Essex is a county in the East of England region of the United Kingdom. The county town of Essex is Chelmsford.-History:In pre-Roman Britain the territories of Suffolk and Essex were home to the Trinovantes tribe, which had grown wealthy through intensive trade with the Roman Empire, contemporary...
and NorfolkNorfolk is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast, including The Wash. The county town is Norwich...
)
In addition,
Sticky CatchflyLychnis viscaria, the sticky catchfly, is a flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae.It is an upright perennial, growing to 60 cm in height. It gets its English name from the stickiness of its stem. It grows on cliffs and in rocky places. It has a purple flower.Lychnis viscaria is said to...
Lychnis viscaria was chosen for both Edinburgh and
MidlothianMidlothian is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It borders the Scottish Borders, East Lothian and the City of Edinburgh council areas....
, the county containing Edinburgh.
For most counties,
nativeIn biogeography, a species is defined as indigenous or native to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural resources, with no human intervention. Every natural organism has its own natural range of distribution in which it is regarded as native...
species were chosen, but for a small number of counties, non-natives were chosen, mainly
archaeophyteAn archaeophyte is a plant species which is non-native to a geographical region, but which was introduced in "ancient" times, rather than being a modern introduction...
s.
External links