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Flint glass is optical glass
Glass

Glass generally refers to a Hardness, brittle, transparency amorphous solid, such as that used for windows, many Glass Bottles, or eyewear, including, but not limited to, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, acrylic glass, sugar glass, Muscovite , or aluminium oxynitride....
 that has relatively high refractive index
Refractive index

The refractive index of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light is reduced inside the medium. For example, typical soda-lime glass has a refractive index of 1.5, which means that in glass, light travels at times the speed of light in a vacuum....
 and low Abbe number
Abbe number

In physics and optics, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a Transparency material, is a measure of the material's dispersion in relation to the refractive index....
. Flint glasses are arbitrarily defined as having an Abbe number of 50 to 55 or less. The currently known flint glasses have refractive indices ranging between 1.45 and 2.00. A concave lens
Lens (optics)

A lens is an optics device with perfect or approximate axial symmetry which transmittance and refraction light, converging or diverging the beam....
 of flint glass is commonly combined with a convex lens
Lens (optics)

A lens is an optics device with perfect or approximate axial symmetry which transmittance and refraction light, converging or diverging the beam....
 of crown glass
Crown glass (optics)

Crown glass is type of optical glass used in lens and other optical components.Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide....
 to produce an achromatic doublet lens because of their compensating optical properties.

With respect to glass, the term flint derives from the flint
Flint

Flint is a hard, sedimentary rock cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert. It occurs chiefly as Nodule s and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones....
 nodules found in the chalk deposits of southeast England that were used as a source of high purity silica by George Ravenscroft
George Ravenscroft

George Ravenscroft was an English businessman in the import/export and glass making trades. He is primarily known for his work in developing clear lead crystal glass in England....
, circa 1662, to produce a potash
Potash

Potash is the common name given to potassium carbonate and various mined and manufactured salts that contain the element potassium in water-soluble form....
 lead glass
Lead glass

Glass consists of a network former, typically silica , and network modifiers, including alkali fluxes such as potassium oxide or sodium oxide, and a stabilizer, typically calcium oxide....
 that was the predecessor to English lead crystal.

Traditionally, flint glasses were lead glass
Lead glass

Glass consists of a network former, typically silica , and network modifiers, including alkali fluxes such as potassium oxide or sodium oxide, and a stabilizer, typically calcium oxide....
es containing around 4–60% lead oxide
Lead oxide

Lead oxide may refer to:* Lead oxide, PbO, litharge, massicot* Lead oxide, Pb3O4, minium, red lead* Lead dioxide , PbO2...
; however, the manufacture and disposal of these glasses are sources of pollution
Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms ....
.






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Encyclopedia


Flint glass is optical glass
Glass

Glass generally refers to a Hardness, brittle, transparency amorphous solid, such as that used for windows, many Glass Bottles, or eyewear, including, but not limited to, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, acrylic glass, sugar glass, Muscovite , or aluminium oxynitride....
 that has relatively high refractive index
Refractive index

The refractive index of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light is reduced inside the medium. For example, typical soda-lime glass has a refractive index of 1.5, which means that in glass, light travels at times the speed of light in a vacuum....
 and low Abbe number
Abbe number

In physics and optics, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a Transparency material, is a measure of the material's dispersion in relation to the refractive index....
. Flint glasses are arbitrarily defined as having an Abbe number of 50 to 55 or less. The currently known flint glasses have refractive indices ranging between 1.45 and 2.00. A concave lens
Lens (optics)

A lens is an optics device with perfect or approximate axial symmetry which transmittance and refraction light, converging or diverging the beam....
 of flint glass is commonly combined with a convex lens
Lens (optics)

A lens is an optics device with perfect or approximate axial symmetry which transmittance and refraction light, converging or diverging the beam....
 of crown glass
Crown glass (optics)

Crown glass is type of optical glass used in lens and other optical components.Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide....
 to produce an achromatic doublet lens because of their compensating optical properties.

With respect to glass, the term flint derives from the flint
Flint

Flint is a hard, sedimentary rock cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert. It occurs chiefly as Nodule s and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones....
 nodules found in the chalk deposits of southeast England that were used as a source of high purity silica by George Ravenscroft
George Ravenscroft

George Ravenscroft was an English businessman in the import/export and glass making trades. He is primarily known for his work in developing clear lead crystal glass in England....
, circa 1662, to produce a potash
Potash

Potash is the common name given to potassium carbonate and various mined and manufactured salts that contain the element potassium in water-soluble form....
 lead glass
Lead glass

Glass consists of a network former, typically silica , and network modifiers, including alkali fluxes such as potassium oxide or sodium oxide, and a stabilizer, typically calcium oxide....
 that was the predecessor to English lead crystal.

Traditionally, flint glasses were lead glass
Lead glass

Glass consists of a network former, typically silica , and network modifiers, including alkali fluxes such as potassium oxide or sodium oxide, and a stabilizer, typically calcium oxide....
es containing around 4–60% lead oxide
Lead oxide

Lead oxide may refer to:* Lead oxide, PbO, litharge, massicot* Lead oxide, Pb3O4, minium, red lead* Lead dioxide , PbO2...
; however, the manufacture and disposal of these glasses are sources of pollution
Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms ....
. In many modern flint glasses, the lead can be replaced with other additives such as titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula titaniumoxygen2....
 and zirconium dioxide
Zirconium dioxide

Zirconium dioxide , sometimes known as zirconia, is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium. Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the rare mineral, baddeleyite....
 without significantly altering the optical properties of the glass.

Flint glass can be fashioned into rhinestone
Rhinestone

A rhinestone or paste or diamante is a diamond simulant made from rock crystal, glass or Polymethyl methacrylate.Originally, rhinestones were rock crystals gathered from the river Rhine....
s which are used as diamond simulant
Diamond simulant

The high price of gemstone-grade diamonds has created a large demand for materials with similar gemology characteristics, known as diamond simulants or imitations....
s.

See also

  • Crown glass (optics)
    Crown glass (optics)

    Crown glass is type of optical glass used in lens and other optical components.Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide....
  • Chromatic aberration
    Chromatic aberration

    In optics, chromatic aberration is the failure of a lens to Focus all colors to the same point. It occurs because lenses have a different refractive index for different wavelengths of light ....
  • Cup plate
    Cup plate

    Cup plates are coasters for tea cups, which came into common use during the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States. They were used to protect furniture from tea cups by providing a coaster for the cup....