Flandreau, South Dakota
Encyclopedia
Flandreau is a city in Moody County
Moody County, South Dakota
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,595 people, 2,526 households, and 1,763 families residing in the county. The population density was 13 people per square mile . There were 2,745 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile...

, South Dakota
South Dakota
South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. Once a part of Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. The state has an area of and an estimated population of just over...

, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. The population was 2,341 at the 2010 census
United States Census, 2010
The Twenty-third United States Census, known as Census 2010 or the 2010 Census, is the current national census of the United States. National Census Day was April 1, 2010 and is the reference date used in enumerating individuals...

. It is the county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....

 of Moody County
Moody County, South Dakota
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,595 people, 2,526 households, and 1,763 families residing in the county. The population density was 13 people per square mile . There were 2,745 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile...

. It was named in honor of Charles Eugene Flandrau
Charles Eugene Flandrau
Charles Eugene Flandrau was an American lawyer and colonel in the Union Army.-Early life:...

, a judge in the territory and state of Minnesota, who is credited with saving the community of New Ulm, Minnesota
New Ulm, Minnesota
New Ulm is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,522 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Brown County....

 from destruction during conflict with the Sioux in 1862.

Geography

Flandreau is located at 44°2′52"N 96°35′47"W (44.047855, -96.596417), along the Big Sioux River
Big Sioux River
The Big Sioux River is a tributary of the Missouri River, long, in eastern South Dakota and northwestern Iowa in the United States. The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Big Sioux River" as the stream's name in 1961....

.

According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km²), of which, 1.7 square miles (4.4 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square mile (0.258998811 km²) of it (2.79%) is water.

Flandreau has been assigned the ZIP code
ZIP Code
ZIP codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, is properly written in capital letters and was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly, when senders use the...

 57028 and the FIPS place code 21540.

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2000, there were 2,376 people, 986 households, and 605 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 1,370.9 people per square mile (530.3/km²). There were 1,090 housing units at an average density of 628.9 per square mile (243.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.62% White, 0.46% African American, 24.92% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.08% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population.

There were 986 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,090, and the median income for a family was $40,272. Males had a median income of $26,369 versus $19,738 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the city was $15,895. About 9.8% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

Early history

The town of Flandreau, or possibly Flandrau, was originally settled in 1857, and named for U.S Indian Agent Charles E. Flandrau
Charles Eugene Flandrau
Charles Eugene Flandrau was an American lawyer and colonel in the Union Army.-Early life:...

. The settlement, like others in the region was abandoned within a year, as a result of threatening activities of the Yankton Sioux. In 1869, the town was resettled by twenty-five families of Christianized
Christianization
The historical phenomenon of Christianization is the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once...

 Sioux from the Santee reservation. White settlement resumed in 1872. When Moody County was organized in 1873, Flandreau was made the county seat. Richard F. Pettigrew
Richard F. Pettigrew
Richard Franklin Pettigrew was an American lawyer, surveyor, and land developer. He represented the Dakota Territory in the U.S. Congress and, after the Dakotas were admitted as States, he was the first U.S. Senator from South Dakota.-Biography:Pettigrew was born in Ludlow, Windsor County,...

of Sioux Falls, a relative of Pettigrew settlers in Flandreau, made the establishment of an Indian School at Flandreau part of his successful 1889 campaign for the U.S. Senate; the Riggs Institute was opened in 1892 and is today known as the Flandreau Indian School.
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