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Flame cell

 
Flame Cell

 
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Flame cell
 
 
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A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in most "lower" freshwater invertebrates, including Nematode
Nematode

The "roundworms" or "nematodes" are the most diverse phylum of body cavity, and one of the most diverse of all animals. Nematode species are very difficult to distinguish; over 80,000 have been described, of which over 15,000 are parasite....
, Platyhelminthes (except the tubellarian order
Order (biology)

In Biological classification used in biology, the order is a taxonomic rank between class and family . The superorder is a rank between class and order....
 Acoela), flatworms, rotifers and nemerteans; these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system
Excretory system

This system involves the kidneys and the liver which is not part of the system but creates most of the excreted waistLeifangThe excretory system excretes wastes....
.






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Flamecell
A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in most "lower" freshwater invertebrates, including Nematode
Nematode

The "roundworms" or "nematodes" are the most diverse phylum of body cavity, and one of the most diverse of all animals. Nematode species are very difficult to distinguish; over 80,000 have been described, of which over 15,000 are parasite....
, Platyhelminthes (except the tubellarian order
Order (biology)

In Biological classification used in biology, the order is a taxonomic rank between class and family . The superorder is a rank between class and order....
 Acoela), flatworms, rotifers and nemerteans; these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system
Excretory system

This system involves the kidneys and the liver which is not part of the system but creates most of the excreted waistLeifangThe excretory system excretes wastes....
. Flame cells function like a kidney
Kidney

The kidneys are Organ that have numerous biological roles. Their primary role is to maintain the homeostasis balance of bodily fluids by filtering and secreting Metabolomics#Metabolitess and minerals from the blood and excreting them, along with water , as urine....
, removing waste materials. Bundles of flame cells are called protonephredia.

The flame cell has a nucleated cell body, with a "cup-shaped" projection, with flagella covering the inner surface of the cup. The beating of these flagella resemble a flame, giving the cell its name. The cup is attached to a tube cell. The inner surface of the tube cell is coated in flagella. The beating of the cilia and flagella help move liquid through the tube cell. The tube opens externally through a nephropore, or, in the trematoda
Trematoda

The Trematoda is a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes that contains two groups of parasitic worms, commonly referred to as flukes....
, into an excretory bladder
Urinary bladder

In anatomy, the urinary bladder is a solid, muscle, and distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor in mammals. It is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination....
. The function of these cells is to regulate the osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure is the Fluid_statics#Hydrostatic_pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a differentially permeable membrane....
 of the worm, and maintain its ionic balance. Microvilli in the tube cell may be used to reabsorb some ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
s.

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