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Flaccid paralysis
 
 
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Flaccid paralysis a clinical
Clinical

Clinical can refer to:...
 manifestation
Manifestation

Manifestation may refer to any one of the following:*The Manifestation of God, which are the prophets of the Bah?'? Faith.*The Law of Attraction is a New Age thought that people can manifest reality using thoughts....
 characterized by weakness
Weakness

Weakness may refer to:* Muscle weakness, the inability to exert force with one's muscles* The Weakness, the thirty-seventh book in the Animorphs series...
 or paralysis
Paralysis

Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. Paralysis can cause loss of feeling or loss of mobility in the affected area....
 and reduced muscle tone
Muscle tone

In physiology, medicine, and anatomy, muscle tone is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles. It helps maintain neutral spine, and it declines during REM sleep....
 without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma
Physical trauma

Physical trauma refers to a body injury. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury with the potential for secondary complications such as Shock , respiratory failure and death....
).

term acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is often used to describe a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.

AFP is the most common sign of acute polio, and used for surveillance
Clinical surveillance

Clinical surveillance refers to the surveillance of health data about a clinical syndrome that has a significant impact on public health, which is then used to drive decisions about health policy and health education....
 during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other pathogen
Pathogen

A pathogen , infectious agent, or germ, is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its Host .There are several substrates and pathways whereby pathogens can invade a host; the principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring...
ic agents including enterovirus
Enterovirus

The enteroviruses are a genus of Virus classification associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Historically the most significant has been the Poliovirus....
es, echovirus
Echovirus

An echovirus is a type of RNA virus that belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Echoviruses are found in the gastrointestinal tract and exposure to the virus causes other opportunistic infections and diseases....
es, and adenoviruses, among others.

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod shaped bacteria that produces the neurotoxin botulin, which causes the flaccid muscular paralysis seen in botulism....
 bacteria are the cause of botulism
Botulism

Botulism also known as "Botulinus Intoxication," is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by botulin toxin. The toxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum....
.






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Encyclopedia


Flaccid paralysis a clinical
Clinical

Clinical can refer to:...
 manifestation
Manifestation

Manifestation may refer to any one of the following:*The Manifestation of God, which are the prophets of the Bah?'? Faith.*The Law of Attraction is a New Age thought that people can manifest reality using thoughts....
 characterized by weakness
Weakness

Weakness may refer to:* Muscle weakness, the inability to exert force with one's muscles* The Weakness, the thirty-seventh book in the Animorphs series...
 or paralysis
Paralysis

Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. Paralysis can cause loss of feeling or loss of mobility in the affected area....
 and reduced muscle tone
Muscle tone

In physiology, medicine, and anatomy, muscle tone is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles. It helps maintain neutral spine, and it declines during REM sleep....
 without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma
Physical trauma

Physical trauma refers to a body injury. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury with the potential for secondary complications such as Shock , respiratory failure and death....
).

Causes


Polio

The term acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is often used to describe a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.

AFP is the most common sign of acute polio, and used for surveillance
Clinical surveillance

Clinical surveillance refers to the surveillance of health data about a clinical syndrome that has a significant impact on public health, which is then used to drive decisions about health policy and health education....
 during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other pathogen
Pathogen

A pathogen , infectious agent, or germ, is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its Host .There are several substrates and pathways whereby pathogens can invade a host; the principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring...
ic agents including enterovirus
Enterovirus

The enteroviruses are a genus of Virus classification associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Historically the most significant has been the Poliovirus....
es, echovirus
Echovirus

An echovirus is a type of RNA virus that belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Echoviruses are found in the gastrointestinal tract and exposure to the virus causes other opportunistic infections and diseases....
es, and adenoviruses, among others.

Botulism

The Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod shaped bacteria that produces the neurotoxin botulin, which causes the flaccid muscular paralysis seen in botulism....
 bacteria are the cause of botulism
Botulism

Botulism also known as "Botulinus Intoxication," is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by botulin toxin. The toxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum....
. Vegetative cells of C. botulinum may be ingested. Introduction of the bacteria may also occur via endospores in a wound. When the bacteria is in vivo
In vivo

In vivo means that which takes place inside an organism. In science, in vivo refers to experimentation done in or on the living tissue of a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead one or a in vitro....
 they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because C. botulinum produces a toxin which blocks the release of acetylcholine
Acetylcholine

The chemical compound acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system in many organisms including homo sapiens....
. When this occurs, the muscles are unable to contract.

Other

Flaccid paralysis can be associated with a lower motor neurone lesion
Lower motor neurone lesion

A lower motor neuron lesion is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the Anterior horn of the spinal cord to the relevant muscle -- the lower motor neuron....
. This is in contrast to a upper motor neurone lesion
Upper motor neurone lesion

An upper motor neuron lesion is a lesion of the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. This is in contrast to a lower motor neuron lesion, which affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the relevant muscle....
, which often presents with spastic paralysis. Included in AFP's list are Poliomyelitis, Transverse myelitis,Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barr? syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy , an Autoimmune Disease disease affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process....
, enteroviral encephalopathy , traumatic neuritis, Reye's syndrome
Reye's syndrome

Reye's syndrome is a potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver. It is associated with aspirin consumption by children with viral diseases such as chickenpox....
 etc. An AFP Surveillance programme is conducted to increase case yield of poliomyelitis. This includes collection of 2 stool samples within 14 days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus. and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunisation in that area.

External links

  • (Diagnosis, Management etc.)
  • A Collaboration between World Health Organization
    World Health Organization

    The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health....
     and Government of Nepal
  • information from the IPD
  • **