The First All Union Census of the Soviet Union took place in December 1926. It was an important tool in the state-building of the USSR

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

, provided the government with important ethnographic

Ethnography

Ethnography is a qualitative method aimed to learn and understand cultural phenomena which reflect the knowledge and system of meanings guiding the life of a cultural group...

 information, and helped in the transformation from Imperial Russia

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

n society to Soviet society. The decisions made by ethnographers in determining the ethnicity (narodnost) of individuals, whether in the Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

tic or Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

an parts of the former Russian Empire, through the drawing up of the "List of Ethnicities of the USSR", and how borders were drawn in mixed areas had a significant influence on Soviet policies. Ethnographers, statisticians, and linguists were drawing up questionnaires and list of ethnicities for the census. However, they also had the more ambitious goal of deliberately transforming their identities according to the principles of Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology, officially based upon the theories of Marxism and Vladimir Lenin, that promotes the development and creation of a international communist society through the leadership of a vanguard party over a revolutionary socialist state that represents a dictatorship...

. As Anastas Mikoyan

Anastas Mikoyan

Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan was an Armenian Old Bolshevik and Soviet statesman during the rules of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev, and Leonid Brezhnev....

 put it, the Soviet Union was "creating and organising new nations"

Previous censuses

The First All Union Census of the Soviet Union followed two partial censuses carried out by the Bolsheviks following their seizure of power in Russia

Russia

Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

. The first, the general census of 1920, took place during the Civil War

Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...

 and the Soviet-Polish War. It was thus unable to deal with the Crimea

Crimea

Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...

, much of Transcaucasia, Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

, Belarus

Belarus

Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...

, Far East

Far East

The Far East is an English term mostly describing East Asia and Southeast Asia, with South Asia sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons.The term came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 19th century,...

ern, Siberia

Siberia

Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...

n, and Central Asia

Central Asia

Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...

n parts of the Soviet Union as well as with its Far Northern parts. Yet it is worth to note that there was only 15,000,000 population increase between 1920 and 1926 constituting in some 131,304,931 people according to the TIME magazine while is still undisclosed in Russian history. The 1923 Census was restricted to cities. Prior to the Russian Revolution, the only Russian Empire Census

Russian Empire Census

The Russian Imperial Census of 1897 was the first and the only census carried out in the Russian Empire . It recorded demographic data as of ....

 was done in 1897.

Methodology

By classifying the population in terms of narodnosti (nationalities)—as opposed to tribe or clan—along with policies which gave these nations land, resources, and rights, experts and local elites were encouraged to interfere with the information collecting. Coercion and deception were used to manipulate the census information on nationality to gain more resources and land, as representatives of different groups tried to swell their groups numbers, or present them as a compact mass, the better to gain territorial rights. As often as not the new census aggravated territorial disputes rather than solving them.

List of ethnicities

This list, called Programmy i posobiya po razrabotke Vsesoyuznoy perepisi naseleniya 1926 goda, vol. 7, Perechen i slovar narodnostey, Moscow 1927, was developed by the Central Statistical Administration

Goskomstat

Goskomstat was the centralised agency dealing with statistics in the Soviet Union. Goskomstat was created in 1987 to replace the Central Statistical Administration. While maintaining the same basic functions in the collection, analysis, and publicationand distribution of state statistics,...

 of the USSR.

1. Russian
   Russians
   The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
   
    (Great Russian) - 77 791 124
2. Ukrainian
   Ukrainians
   Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
   
    - 31 194 976
3. Belarusian
   Belarusians
   Belarusians ; are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. Introduced to the world as a new state in the early 1990s, the Republic of Belarus brought with it the notion of a re-emerging Belarusian ethnicity, drawn upon the lines of the Old Belarusian...
   
    - 4 738 923
4. Pole
   Poles
   thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
   
    - 782 334
5. Czech
6. Slovak
   Slovaks
   The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
   
   
7. Serb
   Serbs
   The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
   
   
8. Bulgarian
   Bulgarians
   The Bulgarians are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to Bulgaria and neighbouring regions. Emigration has resulted in immigrant communities in a number of other countries.-History and ethnogenesis:...
   
    - 111 296
9. Latvian
   Letts
   Letts may refer to the following people:*Arthur Letts, English-born millionaire developer of Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California*Barry Letts , British actor, television director and producer...
   
    - 151 410
10. Lithuanian
    Lithuanians
    Lithuanians are the Baltic ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,765,600 people. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Russia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Their native language...
    
     - 41 463
11. Latgalian
    Latgalians
    The term Latgalians The term Latgalians The term Latgalians (Latgalian: latgalīši, latgali, (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale...
    
    
12. Zhmud
    Samogitians
    Samogitians are a part of the Lithuanian ethnicity inhabiting the region of Samogitia in Lithuania. Many speak the Samogitian dialect of the Lithuanian language.-History:...
    
     (Zhmudin, Samogitian)
13. German
    Germans
    The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
    
     - 1 238 549
14. English
    English people
    The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
    
    
15. Swede
    Swedes
    Swedes are a Scandinavian nation and ethnic group native to Sweden, mostly inhabiting Sweden and the other Nordic countries, with descendants living in a number of countries.-Etymology:...
    
    
16. Dutch
17. Italian
18. French
    French people
    The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
    
    
19. Romanian - 278 903
20. Moldavian
    Moldovans
    Moldovans or Moldavians are the largest population group of Moldova...
    
     - 278 903
21. Greek
    Greeks
    The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
    
     (Ellino) - 213 765
22. Albanian
    Albanians
    Albanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...
    
     (Arnaut)
23. Jew total - 2 599 973
24. Crimean Jew
    Krymchaks
    The Krymchaks are a Turkic people, community of Turkic languages and adherents of Rabbinic Judaism living in Crimea. They have historically lived in close proximity to the Crimean Karaites...
    
    
25. Mountain Jew (Dag Chufut)
26. Georgian Jew
27. Central Asian Jew
    Bukharim
    Bukharim is a neighborhood in the center of Jerusalem, Israel. Many of the residents of Shkhunat HaBukharim , as it is known, are Haredi Jews...
    
     (Dzhugur)
28. Karaim
    Crimean Karaites
    The Crimean Karaites , also known as Karaim and Qarays, are a community of ethnic Turkic adherents of Karaite Judaism in Eastern Europe...
    
    
29. Finn
30. Leningrad Finn (Chukhon)
31. Karelian
    Karelians
    The Karelians are a Baltic-Finnic ethnic group living mostly in the Republic of Karelia and in other north-western parts of the Russian Federation. The historic homeland of Karelians includes also parts of present-day Eastern Finland and the formerly Finnish territory of Ladoga Karelia...
    
    
32. Tavas
    Tavas
    Tavas is a town and a district of Denizli Province of Turkey, on a wide plain on the road to Muğla, near to the district of Kale...
    
    
33. Estonian
    Estonians
    Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting, primarily, the country of Estonia. They speak a Finnic language known as Estonian...
    
     (Esti) - 154 666
34. Veps (Chukar, Chud, Kaivan)
35. Vod
    Votes
    Votes are a people of Votia in Ingria, the part of modern day northwestern Russia that is roughly southwest of Saint Petersburg and east of the Estonian border-town of Narva. Their own ethnic name is Vadjalain . The Finnic Votic language spoken by Votes is close to extinction. Votians were one of...
    
     (Vot, Vad, Vad'd'alaiset)
36. Izhora
    Izhorians
    The Izhorians , along with the Votes are an indigenous people of Ingria. Small numbers can still be found in the Western part of Ingria, between the Narva and Neva rivers in northwestern Russia.- History :The history of the Izhorians is bound to the history of Ingria...
    
     (Ingrian)
37. Kven
38. Lopar (Sami people)
39. Zyrian
40. Permiak
41. Votiak (Udmurt)
42. Besermian
43. Mari (Cheremis)
44. Mordva (Moksha, Erzya, Teryukhan, Karatai)
45. Magyars (Hungarian)
46. Gagauz
    Gagauz people
    The Gagauz people are Turkic speaking group living mostly in southern Moldova , southwestern Ukraine , south-eastern Romania and northeastern Bulgaria. Unlike most other Turkic speaking people, the Gagauz are predominantly Orthodox Christians...
    
    
47. Chuvash
    Chuvash people
    The Chuvash people are a Turkic ethnic group, native to an area stretching from the Volga Region to Siberia. Most of them live in Republic of Chuvashia and surrounding areas, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout all Russia.- Etymology :...
    
     - 1 117 419
48. Tatar
    Tatars
    Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
    
     - 2 916 536
49. Misher (Meshcheriak)
50. Bashkir
    Bashkirs
    The Bashkirs are a Turkic people indigenous to Bashkortostan extending on both parts of the Ural mountains, on the place where Europe meets Asia. Groups of Bashkirs also live in the republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Samara and Saratov Oblasts of...
    
     (Bashkurd) - 713 693
51. Nagaibak
52. Nogai
    Nogais
    The Nogai people are a Turkic ethnic group in Southern Russia: northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia and the Astrakhan Oblast; undefined number live in Chechnya...
    
    
53. Gypsy
54. Kalmyk
    Kalmyk people
    Kalmyk people is the name given to the Oirats, western Mongols in Russia, whose descendants migrated from Dzhungaria in 1607. Today they form a majority in the autonomous Republic of Kalmykia on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Kalmykia is Europe's only Buddhist government...
    
    
55. Mongol
    Mongols
    Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
    
    
56. Buryat
    Buryats
    The Buryats or Buriyads , numbering approximately 436,000, are the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia and are mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic, a federal subject of Russia...
    
    
57. Sart-Kalmyk
58. Vogul (Mansi)
59. Ostyak
    Khanty people
    Khanty / Hanti are an indigenous people calling themselves Khanti, Khande, Kantek , living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together with the Mansi. In the autonomous okrug, the Khanty and Mansi languages are given co-official status with Russian...
    
     (Khanty)
60. Ostyak-Samoyed
61. Samoyed
    Samoyedic peoples
    The term Samoyedic peoples is used to describe peoples speaking Samoyedic languages, which are part of the Uralic family. They are a linguistic grouping, not an ethnic or cultural one. The name derives from the obsolete term Samoyed used in Russia for some indigenous peoples of Siberia...
    
     (Khasava)
62. Yurak
    Nenets people
    The Nenets are an indigenous people in Russia. According to the latest census in 2002, there are 41,302 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug...
    
    
63. Soyot (Soion, Uriankhai, Tuba)
64. Barabin
    Baraba Tatar
    The Baraba Tatars are a group of Siberian Tatars. Some of them still speak Baraba dialect of Siberian Tatar language. They traditionally live on the Baraba steppe.There were around 8,000 Baraba Tatars in 1979.-Sources:...
    
     (Barbara Tartar)
65. Bukharan
    Siberian Bukharans
    The Siberian Bukharans were merchants from Bukhara who settled in Siberia in the 17th Century after the area had been conqueored by the Russians. They were also known as Sarts and occasionally also classed as Tatars....
    
     (Bukharlyk)
66. Chernevyy Tatar
    Chelkans
    The Chlenkans are a small Turkic people living in southern Siberia. Those residing in Altai Republic are sometimes grouped together with the Altay ethnic group and those in Kemerovo Oblast are grouped with the Shors; however, they are recognized as a separate ethnic group by ethnographers...
    
     (Tubalar, Tuba-Kizhi)
67. Altai
    Altay people
    The Altay or Altai are an ethnic group of Turkic people living in the Siberian Altai Republic and Altai Krai and surrounding areas of Tuva and Mongolia. For alternative ethnonyms see also Teleut, Tele, Telengit, Mountain Kalmuck, White Kalmuck, Black Tatar, Oirat/Oirot.The Uriankhai people were...
    
     (Altai-Kizhi, Mountain or White Kalmyk)
68. Teleut
69. Telengit
    Telengit
    Telengits or Telengut are a Turkic people people primarily found in Altai Republic, Russia. Telengits mainly live in a territory of Kosh-Agach District of the Altai Republic. They are part of a larger cultural group of the Southern Altaians...
    
     (Telengut)
70. Kumandin (Lebedin, Ku-Kohzi)
71. Shors
    Shors
    Shors or Shorians are a Turkic people in the Kemerovo Oblast in Russia. Their self designation is Шор, or Shor. They were also called Kuznetskie Tatars , Kondoma Tatars , Mras-Su Tatars in some of the documents of the 17th-18th centuries.Most of Shors live in the Tom basin along the Kondoma and...
    
    
72. Kharagas (Tuba, Kharagaz)
73. Kızıl (Kyzyl)
74. Kachin
75. Sagai
76. Koybal
77. Beltir
78. Dolgan (Dolgan-Iakut)
79. Yakut
    Yakut
    Yakut may refer to:* Yakuts, the Turkic people associated with the Sakha Republic* Yakut language, a Turkic language also known as Sakha.* Ruby in Turkish language* Yakut , a breed from Russia*Yakut Pony, horse breed from Siberia, Russia...
    
     (Sakha, Urangkhai-Sakha) - 240 709
80. Tungus
    Tungusic peoples
    Tungusic peoples are the peoples who speak Tungusic languages. The word originated in Tunguska, an ill-defined region of Siberia.-Peoples:Tungusic peoples are:*Evenks*Evens*Jurchens *Manchu*Negidals...
    
     (Ovenk, Murchen)
81. Lamut
    Evens
    The Evens or Eveny are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East. They live in some of the regions of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai and northern parts of Sakha east of the Lena River. According to the 2002 census, there were 19,071 Evens in Russia...
    
    
82. Orochon
83. Goldai (Nanai)
84. Olchi (Mangun, Ulchi)
85. Negidal (Negda, Eleke Beye)
86. Orochi
87. Udegei (Ude)
88. Orok
89. Manegir
90. Samogir
91. Manchurian
92. Chukchi
    Chukchi people
    The Chukchi, or Chukchee , ) are an indigenous people inhabiting the Chukchi Peninsula and the shores of the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea region of the Arctic Ocean within the Russian Federation. They speak the Chukchi language...
    
    
93. Koryaks
    Koryaks
    Koryaks are an indigenous people of Kamchatka Krai in the Russian Far East, who inhabit the coastlands of the Bering Sea to the south of the Anadyr basin and the country to the immediate north of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the southernmost limit of their range being Tigilsk. They are akin to the...
    
    
94. Kamchadal (Itel'men)
95. Gilyak (Nivkhi)
96. Yukagir
97. Chuvan
98. Aleut
99. Eskimo
    Eskimo
    Eskimos or Inuit–Yupik peoples are indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the circumpolar region from eastern Siberia , across Alaska , Canada, and Greenland....
    
    
100. Enisei (Ket, Enisei Ostiak)
101. Aino
     Ainu people
     The , also called Aynu, Aino , and in historical texts Ezo , are indigenous people or groups in Japan and Russia. Historically they spoke the Ainu language and related varieties and lived in Hokkaidō, the Kuril Islands, and much of Sakhalin...
     
      (Ainu, Kuchi)
102. Chinese
     Chinese people
     The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....
     
     
103. Korean
     Koryo-saram
     Koryo-saram is the name which ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. Approximately 500,000 ethnic Koreans reside in the former Soviet Union, primarily in the now-independent states of Central Asia. There are also large Korean communities in southern Russia , the...
     
     
104. Japanese
     Japanese people
     The are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries...
     
     
105. Georgian
     Georgian people
     The Georgians are an ethnic group that have originated in Georgia, where they constitute a majority of the population. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America....
     
      (Kartvelian) - 1 821 184
106. Ajar
     Adjara
     Adjara , officially the Autonomous Republic of Adjara , is an autonomous republic of Georgia.Adjara is located in the southwestern corner of Georgia, bordered by Turkey to the south and the eastern end of the Black Sea...
     
     
107. Megeli (Mingrelian)
108. Laz
     Laz people
     The Laz are an ethnic group native to the Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia...
     
      (Chan)
109. Svan (Svanetian)
110. Abkhaz
     Abkhaz people
     The Abkhaz or Abkhazians are a Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. A large Abkhazian diaspora population resides in Turkey, the origins of which lie in the emigration from the Caucasus in the late 19th century known as Muhajirism...
     
      (Abkhazian) - 56 957
111. Cherkess (Adyghe
     Adyghe people
     The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
     
     )
112. Beskesek-Abaza
     Abazins
     The Abazins are a people who live mostly in Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygea of Russia.An Abazin diaspora exists in Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Egypt , and other Islamic countries, most of which are descendants of refugees from the Caucasian War...
     
      (Abazin)
113. Kabard
     Kabard
     Kabarda or Kabard ; are terms referring to a people of the northern Caucasus more commonly known by the plural term Kabardin . Originally they Kabarda or Kabard ; are terms referring to a people of the northern Caucasus more commonly known by the plural term Kabardin (or Kebertei as they term...
     
     
114. Ubykh
     Ubykh people
     The Ubykh are a group who spoke the Northwest Caucasian Ubykh language, until other local languages displaced it and its last speaker died in 1992....
     
     
115. Chechen
     Chechen people
     Chechens constitute the largest native ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus region. They refer to themselves as Noxçi . Also known as Sadiks , Gargareans, Malkhs...
     
      (Nakh, Nakhchuo)
116. Ingush
     Ingush people
     The Ingush are a native ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. They refer to themselves as Ghalghai . The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language...
     
      (Galgai, Kist)
117. Batsbi (Tsova-Tish, Batswa)
118. Maistvei
119. Lezgin
     Lezgins
     The Lezgians are an ethnic group living predominantly in southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan and who speak the Lezgian language.- Historical concept :While ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder, referred...
     
     
120. Tabasaran
     Tabasaran people
     The Tabasarans are an ethnic group who live mostly in Dagestan, Russia. Their population in Russia is about 200,000. They speak the Tabasaran language. They are mainly Sunni Muslims. Russian pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva is half Tabasaran....
     
     
121. Agul
122. Archi
     Archi language
     Archi is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the 1,200 Archis in the village of Archib, southern Dagestan, Russia and the six surrounding smaller villages...
     
     
123. Rutul (Mykhad)
124. Tsakhur
125. Khinalug
126. Dzhek (Dzhektsy)
127. Khaput (Gaputlin,Khaputlin)
128. Kryz
     Kryts people
     The Kryts people of Azerbaijan, residing in several villages in Cuba, Khachmaz, Ismayilli and Gabala regions, as well as in the cities of Baku and Sumgait....
     
     
129. Budukh (Budug)
130. Udin
131. Dargin
     Dargin people
     The Dargwa or Dargin people are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Caucasus who live mainly in the Russian republic of Dagestan. They speak the Dargwa language...
     
     
132. Kubachin (Ughbug)
133. Lak (Kazi-Kumukh)
134. Avar
     Eurasian Avars
     The Eurasian Avars or Ancient Avars were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit entourage of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turko-Mongol groups...
     
      (Avartsy, Khunzal)
135. Andi
     Andi (people)
     The Andis are one of the indigenous Dagestanian peoples of Russia. Their territory is included in the Botlikhsky District of Dagestan....
     
      (Andiitsy, Kwanally)
136. Botlog (Buikhatli)
137. Godoberi
138. Karatai
     Qaratay
     Qaratays are an ethnic group within Mokshas in Kamsko-Ustyinsky District, Tatarstan around the village of Mordovsky Karatay. They speak Tatar complemented by Moksha words, sometimes considered as a Qaratay Dialect of the Kazan Tatar language...
     
     
139. Akhvakh
140. Bagulal
     Bagulal
     The Babulal are one of the Andi-Dido peoples of Dagestan. Since the 1930s they have been largely classed as and assimlated by the Avars. However there were still some people reported separately in the 2002 census. Most Bagulals are Sunni Muslims.In 1926 there were 3,054...
     
      (Kvanandin)
141. Chamalal
142. Tindi (Tindal, Idera)
143. Didoi (Tsez)
144. Kvarshi
     Khwarshi people
     The Khwarshi people are a Caucasian people living in Dagestan, in several small settlements. The Khwarshi are originally from the southeastern part of Tsumadinsky District, where seven Khwarshi settlements are located: Upper- and Lower Inkhokwari village , Kwantlada village , Santlada village ,...
     
     
145. Kapuchin (Bezheta)
146. Khunzal (Enzebi, Nakhad)
147. Armenian
     Armenians
     Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian....
     
      - 1 567 568
148. Hemshin
149. Arab
     Arab
     Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
     
     
150. Aisor (Assyrian, Syriac, Chaldean)
151. Kaytak
     Kajtak language
     Kajtak is a language from the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia. It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa. The Ethnologue lists it under the dialects of Dargwa, but recognizes that it may be a separate language....
     
      (Karakaitak)
152. Bosha (Karachi, Armenian Gypsy)
153. Ossetian
     Ossetians
     The Ossetians are an Iranic ethnic group of the Caucasus Mountains, eponymous of the region known as Ossetia.They speak Ossetic, an Iranian language of the Eastern branch, with most also fluent in Russian as a second language....
     
      - 272 272
154. Kurd
     Kürd
     Kürd or Kyurd or Kyurt may refer to:*Kürd Eldarbəyli, Azerbaijan*Kürd Mahrızlı, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Goychay, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Jalilabad, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Qabala, Azerbaijan*Qurdbayram, Azerbaijan...
     
     
155. Yazid
     Yazid
     -Given name:* Yazid I , second Umayyad Caliph upon succeeding his father Muawiyah* Yazid II, Umayyad caliph* Yazid III, Umayyad caliph* Yazid Kaïssi, French-born Moroccan footballer* Yazid Mansouri, French-born Algerian footballer...
     
     
156. Talysh
     Talysh people
     Talysh are an Iranian people indigenous to a region shared between Azerbaijan and Iran which spans the South Caucasus and the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea. They speak the Talysh language, one of the Northwestern Iranian languages...
     
     
157. Tat
     Tats
     Tats are an Iranian people, presently living within Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Russia ....
     
     
158. Persian
     Persian people
     The Persian people are part of the Iranian peoples who speak the modern Persian language and closely akin Iranian dialects and languages. The origin of the ethnic Iranian/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples, who were part of the ancient Indo-Iranians and themselves part of...
     
     
159. Karachai
160. Kumyk
161. Balkar (Mountain Tartar, Malkar)
162. Karakalpak
     Karakalpaks
     The Karakalpaks are a Turkic speaking people. They mainly live in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and in the delta of Amu Darya on the southern shore of the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan. The name "Karakalpak" comes from two words: "qara" meaning black, and "qalpaq" meaning hat...
     
     
163. Turk
     Turkic peoples
     The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
     
     
164. Ottoman Turk (Osmanli)
165. Samarkand
     Samarkand
     Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest . In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came...
     
      and Fergana
     Fergana
     Fergana is a city , the capital of Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southern edge of the Fergana Valley in southern Central Asia, cutting across the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan...
     
      Turk
     Turkic peoples
     The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
     
     
166. Turkmen
     Turkmen people
     The Turkmen are a Turkic people located primarily in the Central Asian states of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and northeastern Iran. They speak the Turkmen language, which is classified as a part of the Western Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages family together with Turkish, Azerbaijani, Qashqai,...
     
      - 763 940
167. Kirgiz (Kyrgyz, Kara-Kirgiz)
168. Karakalpak - 146 317
169. Kypchak
170. Kashgar
     Kashgar
     Kashgar or Kashi is an oasis city with approximately 350,000 residents in the western part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Kashgar is the administrative centre of Kashgar Prefecture which has an area of 162,000 km² and a population of approximately...
     
     
171. Taranchi
     Taranchi
     The term Taranchi denotes the Muslim sedentary population living in oases around the Tarim Basin in today's Xinjiang, whose native language is Turkic Karluk, and whose ancestral heritages include Iranic and Tocharian populations of Tarim and the later Turco-Mongol immigrants of the Qarluq, Uyghur,...
     
     
172. Kazakh
     Kazakhs
     The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
     
      (Kirgiz-Kazakh, Kirgiz-Kaisak) - 3 968 289
173. Kurama
     Kurrama people
     The Kurrama people are an indigenous Australian people from the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Their traditional lands encompass much of the higher plateaus of the Hamersley Range. The indigenous Australian language associated with the people is the Kurrama language, from the Southwest branch...
     
     
174. Uzbek
     Uzbeks
     The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Pakistan, Mongolia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China...
     
      - 3 904 622
175. Dungan
176. Afghan
     Pashtun people
     Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
     
     
177. Tajik - 978 680
178. Vakhan
     Wakhi people
     The Wakhi people, or Khik , are an ethnic group originating in the Wakhan of today's Afghanistan. They also live in adjacent areas of Tajikistan and Xinjiang and in Pakistan . They speak the Wakhi language.-Population and demographics:A very rough estimate puts the population of Wakhis at about...
     
     
179. Ishkashim
180. Shugnan
     Shughni
     Shughni, Shighni is the commonly used but the short form of Shughnani, Shighnani may refer to:* Shughni language, spoken in Afghanistan and Tajikistan...
     
     
181. Yagnob
     Yaghnobi people
     Yaghnobi people, or Yagnobian people, is the name of an isolated people who live in the Sughd province of Tajikistan in the valleys of the Yagnob, Kul and Varzob rivers. These are the last living relics of the great Sogdian nation that once inhabited most of Central Asia beyond the Oxus/Amu Darya...
     
     
182. Yazgul
     Yazgulyam
     Yazgulyam, alternatively spelt Yazgulyami, Yazgulami, Yazgulomi, and Iazgulemi, may refer to:* Yazgulyam River in Tajikistan.* Yazgulyam language, spoken in Tajikistan.* Yazgulyam people of Tajikistan....
     
     
183. Iranian
     Iranian peoples
     The Iranian peoples are an Indo-European ethnic-linguistic group, consisting of the speakers of Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family, as such forming a branch of Indo-European-speaking peoples...
     
     
184. Jemshid
185. Beludji
186. Berber
     Berber people
     Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are continuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke the Berber language or varieties of it, which together form a branch...
     
     
187. Khazara
188. Hindu
     Hindu
     Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
     
      (Indian)
189. Other Ethnicities
190. Ethnicities not noted or noted inexactly

a) Tavlin

Caucasian Avars

Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, in which they are the predominant group. The Caucasian Avar language belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family ....

b) Kryashen

c) Teptyar

Bashkirs

The Bashkirs are a Turkic people indigenous to Bashkortostan extending on both parts of the Ural mountains, on the place where Europe meets Asia. Groups of Bashkirs also live in the republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Samara and Saratov Oblasts of...

d) Uigar

e) Oirot

f) Khakass

g) Others

191. Foreign subjects

Population by republics

• Russia
  Russia
  Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
  
   / RSFSR - 100 891 244 ( urban 17 442 655 )
• Ukraine
  Ukraine
  Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
  
   / Ukrainian SSR
  Ukrainian SSR
  The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
  
   - 29 018 187 ( urban 5 373 553 )
• Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
  
   / Kazakh SSR
  Kazakh SSR
  The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Kazakh SSR for short, was one of republics that made up the Soviet Union.At in area, it was the second largest constituent republic in the USSR, after the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Alma-Ata . Today it is the independent state of...
  
   - 6 503 006 ( urban 539 249 )
• Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
  
   / Uzbek SSR
  Uzbek SSR
  The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Uzbek SSR for short, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union since its creation in 1924...
  
   - 5 272 801 ( urban 1 102 218 )
• Belarus
  Belarus
  Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
  
   / Belarus SSR - 4 983 240 ( urban 847 830 )
• Georgia (country)
  Georgia (country)
  Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
  
   / Georgian SSR - 2 666 494 ( urban 594 221 )
• Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
  
   / Azeri SSR - 2 314 571 ( urban 649 557 )
• Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan
  Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
  
   / Turkmen SSR
  Turkmen SSR
  The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Turkmen SSR for short, was one of republics of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. It was initially established on 7 August 1921 as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR. On 13 May 1925 it was transformed into Turkmen SSR and became a...
  
   - 1 000 914 ( urban 136 982 )
• Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan
  Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
  
   / Kyrgyz SSR - 993 004 ( urban 121 080 )
• Armenia
  Armenia
  Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
  
   / Armenian SSR
  Armenian SSR
  The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet...
  
   - 880 464 ( urban 167 098 )
• Tajikistan
  Tajikistan
  Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
  
   / Tajik SSR
  Tajik SSR
  The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Tajik SSR for short, was one of the 15 republics that made up the Soviet Union. Located in Central Asia, the Tajik SSR was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union...
  
   - 827 200
• Transnistria
  Transnistria
  Transnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...
  
   / Moldavian ASSR
  Moldavian ASSR
  The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , shortened to Moldavian ASSR or, less frequently, Moldovan ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing modern Transnistria The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic...
  
   - 572 114
• Total USSR - 147 027 915 ( urban 26 314 114 )