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In chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
 and common usage, a filter is a device (usually a membrane or layer) that is designed to block certain objects or substances while letting others through. Filters are often used to remove harmful substances from air
AIR

Air is the part of Earth's atmosphere that humans breath and as such Air .Air may also refer to:...
 or water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
, for example to remove air pollution
Air pollution

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment, into the Earth's atmosphere....
, to make water drinkable, to prepare coffee
Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the Coffea. Caffeinated coffee has a stimulating effect in humans....
. In domestic food and drink preparation where bulk solids are removed from liquids, this is often called a strainer.

Filtrate is the liquid produced after filtering a suspension
Suspension (chemistry)

In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than 1 micrometre....
 of a solid
Solid

A solid object is in the states of matter characterized by resistance to deformation and changes of volume. In other words, it has high values both of Young's modulus and of shear modulus; this contrasts e.g....
 in a liquid
Liquid

Liquid is one of the principal states of matter. A liquid is a fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material....
.






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In chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
 and common usage, a filter is a device (usually a membrane or layer) that is designed to block certain objects or substances while letting others through. Filters are often used to remove harmful substances from air
AIR

Air is the part of Earth's atmosphere that humans breath and as such Air .Air may also refer to:...
 or water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
, for example to remove air pollution
Air pollution

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment, into the Earth's atmosphere....
, to make water drinkable, to prepare coffee
Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the Coffea. Caffeinated coffee has a stimulating effect in humans....
. In domestic food and drink preparation where bulk solids are removed from liquids, this is often called a strainer.

Filtrate is the liquid produced after filtering a suspension
Suspension (chemistry)

In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than 1 micrometre....
 of a solid
Solid

A solid object is in the states of matter characterized by resistance to deformation and changes of volume. In other words, it has high values both of Young's modulus and of shear modulus; this contrasts e.g....
 in a liquid
Liquid

Liquid is one of the principal states of matter. A liquid is a fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material....
. Filtrand (or Residue) is the solid residue remaining in the filter following filtration.

For certain situations, such as separating an aqueous substance from a solid one, filtering may be replaced with decanting.

See also

  • tubular fluid
    Tubular fluid

    Tubular fluid is the fluid in the renal tubule of the kidney. It starts as a Ultrafiltration in the glomerulus, changes composition through the nephron, and ends up as urine leaving through the ureters....
    , the renal glomerulus
    Glomerulus

    A glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. It receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation....
     filtrate
Filters for various substances:
  • Filter (water)
    Filter (water)

    A water filter removes impurities from water by means of a fine physical barrier, a chemical process or a biological process. Filters cleanse water to various extents for irrigation, drinking water, aquariums, and swimming pools....
  • Filter (air)
    Air filter

    An air filter is a device which removes solid particulates such as dust, pollen, mold, and bacterium from the air. Air filters are used in applications where air quality is important, notably in building ventilation systems and in engines, such as internal combustion engines, gas compressors, diving air compressors, gas turbines and oth...
  • Filter (oil)
    Filter (oil)

    An oil filter is a filtration to remove contaminants from engine oil, Automatic transmission fluid, lubricant#Mineral oil, or Hydraulic fluid. Oil filters are used in many different types of Hydraulic machinery....


Filters for specific applications:
  • Pneumatic filter
    Pneumatic filter

    A pneumatic filter is a device which removes contaminants from a compressed air stream. This can be done using a number of different techniques, from using a "media" type that traps particulates, but allows air to pass through to a venturi, to a membrane that only allows air to pass through....
  • Coffee filter
    Coffee filter

    A coffee filter is a coffee-brewing cooking utensil, usually made of disposable paper. A stainless steel filter is used to prepare indian filter coffee, the form of coffee common in India....
  • Filter mask


Filters by various methods:
  • Disk filter
    Disk filter

    A disk filter is a type of filter used primarily in irrigation, similar to a screen filter, except that the filter cartridge is made of a number of disks stacked on top of each other like a pile of poker chips....
  • Paper filter
    Filter paper

    Filter paper is a semi-permeable paper barrier placed perpendicular to a liquid or air flow. It is used to separate fine solids from liquids or air....
  • Media filter
    Media filter

    A media filter is a type of filter utilizing a bed of sand, crushed granite or other material to filter water for drinking, swimming pools, aquaculture, irrigation, stormwater management and other applications....
  • Membrane filter
  • Cross-flow filtration
    Cross-flow filtration

    In chemical engineering, a crossflow filtration is a type of filtration used when a liquid carries a high level of solid material....
  • Sand separator
    Sand separator

    A hydrocyclone is a device to classify/separate or sort particles in a liquid suspension based on the densities of the particles. A hydrocyclone may be used to separate solids from liquids or to separate liquids of different density....
  • Screen filter
    Screen filter

    A screen filter is a type of filter utilizing a rigid or flexible screen to separate sand and other fine particles out of water for irrigation or other applications....
  • Slow sand filter
    Slow sand filter

    Slow sand filters are used in water purification for treating raw water to produce a potable product. They are typically 1 to 2 metres deep, can be rectangular or cylindrical in cross section and are used primarily to treat surface water....


Related devices and concepts:
  • Activated carbon
    Activated carbon

    Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal or activated coal, is a form of carbon that has been processed to make it extremely porous and thus to have a very large surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions....
  • Non-Filter
    Non-Filter

    Non-Filter or Non Filter is a category of air purification system created by Microgenix Technology Ltd., a United Kingdom-based company that invented the technology....
     (trade name).
  • Gas mask
    Gas mask

    A gas mask is a mask worn over the face to protect the wearer from inhaling "airborne pollutants" and toxic gasses. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face....
  • Sieve
    Sieve

    In general, a sieve separates wanted/desired elements from unwanted material using a tool such as a mesh, net or other filtration or distillation methods, but it is also used for classification of powders by particle size, or for size measurement as an analytical technique....
  • Colander
    Colander

    A colander is a type of sieve, used in cooking for separating liquids and solids. It is much like a strainer. It is conventionally made of a light metal, such as aluminium or thinly rolled stainless steel, although it is not uncommon for it to be made of plastic....
  • Reverse osmosis
    Reverse osmosis

    Reverse osmosis is a filtration process typically used for water. It works by using pressure to force a solution through a semi-permeable membrane, retaining the solute on one side and allowing the pure solvent to pass to the other side....
  • Filter feeder
    Filter feeder

    Filter feeders are animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure....
  • Filter binding assay
    Filter binding assay

    In biochemistry, one of the ways to learn about an interaction between two molecules is to determine the binding constant, which is a number that describes the ratio of unbound and bound molecules....