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Fiber crop
 
 
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Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fiber
Fiber

Fiber or fibre is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of yarn. They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissue s together....
s, which are traditionally used to make paper
Paper

Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon or packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....
, cloth, or rope
Rope

A rope is a length of fibers, twisted or braided together to improve strength for pulling and connecting. It has tensile strength but is too flexible to provide compressive strength ....
. The fibers may be chemically modified, like in viscose
Viscose

Viscose is a viscous organic liquid used to make rayon and cellophane. Viscose is becoming synonymous with rayon, a soft material, used in mostly tops, coats and jackets....
 or cellophane
Cellophane

Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. Its low permeability to air, oils and Fats, and bacterium makes it useful for food packaging....
. In recent years materials scientists
Materials science

Materials science or materials engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering....
 have begun exploring further use of these fibers in composite materials.

Fiber crops are generally harvestable after a single growing season, as distinct from tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, which are typically grown for many years before being harvested for wood pulp
Wood pulp

Pulp is a dry fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating fibers from wood or fiber crops.Pulp can be either fluffy or formed into thick sheets....
 fiber.






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Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fiber
Fiber

Fiber or fibre is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of yarn. They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissue s together....
s, which are traditionally used to make paper
Paper

Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon or packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....
, cloth, or rope
Rope

A rope is a length of fibers, twisted or braided together to improve strength for pulling and connecting. It has tensile strength but is too flexible to provide compressive strength ....
. The fibers may be chemically modified, like in viscose
Viscose

Viscose is a viscous organic liquid used to make rayon and cellophane. Viscose is becoming synonymous with rayon, a soft material, used in mostly tops, coats and jackets....
 or cellophane
Cellophane

Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. Its low permeability to air, oils and Fats, and bacterium makes it useful for food packaging....
. In recent years materials scientists
Materials science

Materials science or materials engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering....
 have begun exploring further use of these fibers in composite materials.

Fiber crops are generally harvestable after a single growing season, as distinct from tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, which are typically grown for many years before being harvested for wood pulp
Wood pulp

Pulp is a dry fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating fibers from wood or fiber crops.Pulp can be either fluffy or formed into thick sheets....
 fiber. In specific circumstances, fiber crops can be superior to wood pulp fiber in terms of technical performance, environmental impact
Environmental impact

Environmental impact might refer to:*Environmental degradation*Environmental impact assessment...
 or cost.

There are a number of issues regarding the use of fiber crops to make pulp. One of these is seasonal availability. While trees can be harvested continuously, many field crops are harvested once during the year and must be stored such that the crop doesn't rot over a period of many months. Considering that many pulp mills require several thousand tonnes of fiber source per day, storage of the fiber source can be a major issue.

Botanically, the fibers havested from many of these plants are bast fibers; the fibers come from the phloem
Phloem

In vascular plants, phloem is the living Biological tissue that carries organic nutrients , particularly sucrose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant where needed....
 tissue of the plant. The other fiber crop fibers are seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
 padding, leaf
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 fiber, or other parts of the plant.

Fiber crops

  • Bast fibers (Stem-skin fibres)
    • Jute
      Jute

      Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, family Tiliaceae....
       (widely used, cheapest fibre after cotton)
    • Flax
      Flax

      Flax is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. It is native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean region to India and was probably first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent....
       (which produces linen
      Linen

      Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather....
      )
    • Ramie
      Ramie

      Ramie is a flowering plant in the nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern Asia. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 - 2.5 m tall; the leaf are heart-shaped, 7-15 cm long and 6-12 cm broad, and white on the underside with dense small hairs - this gives it a silvery appearance; unlike nettles, the hairs do not sting....
    • Hemp
      Hemp

      File:Industrialhemp.jpgHemp is the common name for plants of the entire genus Cannabis, although the term is often used to refer only to Cannabis strains cultivated for industrial use....
    • Kenaf
      Kenaf

      Kenaf [Etymology: Persian], Hibiscus cannabinus, is a plant in the Malvaceae family. Hibiscus cannabinus is in the genus Hibiscus and is probably native to southern Asia, though its exact natural origin is unknown....
    • Abacá
      Abacá

      Abac?, ,from Spanish "abac?" or Musa textilis, is a species of banana native to the Philippines, grown widely as well in Borneo and Sumatra....
    • Nettle
      Nettle

      Nettle is the common name for between 30-45 species of flowering plants of the genus Urtica in the family Urticaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution though mainly temperate distribution....
      s
  • Other fibers (Leaf, fruit, and other fibers)
    • Cotton
      Cotton

      Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa....
    • Bamboo fiber
    • Esparto
      Esparto

      Esparto, or esparto grass, also known as "halfah grass" or "needle grass", Macrochloa tenacissima and Stipa tenacissima, is a perennial grass grown in northwest Africa and southern Spain employed for crafts ....
    • Papaya
      Papaya

      The papaya , is the fruit of the plant Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. It is native to the tropics of the Americas, and was cultivated in Mexico several centuries before the emergence of the Mesoamerica....
    • Umbrella plant
      Umbrella Plant

      The common name Umbrella Plant can refer to several unrelated species:* Cyperus alternifolius * Darmera peltata * Harper's Umbrella Plant ...
    • Coir
      Coir

      Coir is a coarse fibre extracted from the fibrous outer shell of a coconut....
       (fiber from the coconut
      Coconut

      The Coconut Palm is a member of the Family Arecaceae . It is the only species in the genus Cocos, and is a large palm, growing to 30 m tall, with pinnate leaf 4-6 m long, pinnae 60-90 cm long; old leaves break away cleanly leaving the trunk smooth....
       shell)
    • Sisal
      SISAL

      SISAL is a general-purpose single assignment functional programming language programming language with strict semantics, implicit parallelism, and efficient array handling....
       (Often termed agave
      Agave

      Agave is a succulent plant plant of a large botanical genus of the same name, belonging to the family Agavaceae....
      )


Fiber dimensions

Source of pulp Fiber lenght, mm Fiber diameter, µm
Softwood
Softwood

Softwood is timber obtained from coniferous trees . With the exception of bald cypress, tamarack, and larch, softwood trees are evergreens. Softwood is mostly obtained from the Baltic, Scandinavia, and North America and is the source of about 80% of the world's production of timber....
3.030
Hardwood
Hardwood

The term hardwood is used to describe wood from non-monocot flowering plant trees and for those trees themselves. These are usually broad-leaved; in temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen....
1.016
Wheat
Wheat

Wheat , is a worldwide cultivated Poaceae from the Levant region of the Middle East. Globally, after maize, wheat is the second most-produced food among the cereal just above rice....
 straw		1.513
Rice
Rice

Rice is a staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in tropical Latin America, and East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia, making it the second-most consumed cereal grain, after maize....
 straw		1.59
Esparto grass1.110
Reed
Reed

Reed can refer to:* Edward C. Reed High School, Sparks, Nevada* Reed Airport, several* Reed College, Portland, Oregon* Reed , group of companies offering employment-related services...
1.513
Bagasse
Bagasse

Bagasse is the fibrous residue remaining after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice and is currently used as a renewable resource in the manufacture of pulp and paper products and building materials....
1.720
Bamboo
Bamboo

The bamboos are a group of woody perennial plant evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae....
2.714
Cotton
Cotton

Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa....
25.020


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