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A festival marketplace is a concept of James W. Rouse
James W. Rouse

James Wilson Rouse , founder of The Rouse Company, was a pioneering United States real estate developer, civic activist, and later, free enterprise-based philanthropist....
 and the Rouse Company in the United States to revitalize downtown areas in major cities in the late 20th century. Festival marketplaces were a leading downtown
Central business district

A central business district is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city. In Australia, China , Republic of Ireland, Kenya, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore and South Africa, the phrase is commonly used, and is often colloquially abbreviated to "CBD"....
 revitalization
Urban renewal

File:Melbourne docklands urban renewal.jpgUrban renewal is a program of land re-development in areas of moderate to high density urban land use....
 strategy in American cities during the 1970s and 1980s.

In the second half of the 20th century, Rouse and his company became major developers of suburban strip shopping centers and pioneered large shopping mall
Shopping mall

File:Nordstrom wing , Pentagon City Mall.jpgA shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings which contain retail units, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit....
s.






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A festival marketplace is a concept of James W. Rouse
James W. Rouse

James Wilson Rouse , founder of The Rouse Company, was a pioneering United States real estate developer, civic activist, and later, free enterprise-based philanthropist....
 and the Rouse Company in the United States to revitalize downtown areas in major cities in the late 20th century. Festival marketplaces were a leading downtown
Central business district

A central business district is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city. In Australia, China , Republic of Ireland, Kenya, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore and South Africa, the phrase is commonly used, and is often colloquially abbreviated to "CBD"....
 revitalization
Urban renewal

File:Melbourne docklands urban renewal.jpgUrban renewal is a program of land re-development in areas of moderate to high density urban land use....
 strategy in American cities during the 1970s and 1980s.

In the second half of the 20th century, Rouse and his company became major developers of suburban strip shopping centers and pioneered large shopping mall
Shopping mall

File:Nordstrom wing , Pentagon City Mall.jpgA shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings which contain retail units, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit....
s. In many cities, these were seen as escalating the failure of retail businesses and causing further deterioration of older, downtown core areas.

In the late 1970s, Rouse and his company, who had developed entire planned communities
New town

A new town, planned community or planned city is a city, town, or community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area....
 such as Columbia, Maryland
Columbia, Maryland

Columbia is a new town that consists of ten self-contained villages, located in Howard County, Maryland, Maryland, United States. It is a suburb of Baltimore and, to a lesser degree, Washington, DC....
, took on some of the inner city dilemmas their earlier work had been accused of exacerbating. Studies had shown such areas were often perceived as both dirty and dangerous. In response, they developed the festival marketplace concept as a way to reverse the negative trends and attract both suburban residents and out-of-town visitors to the downtown areas.

A typical festival marketplace would include local involvement in the creation of a safe and trendy attraction intended to serve as a major catalyst for other redevelopment. Generally, a festival marketplace offers major restaurant
Restaurant

A restaurant prepares and serves food and drink to customers. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and Delivery ....
s, specialty retail shops, and an international food court
Food court

A food court is a plaza that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining. Food courts may be found in shopping malls and airports, and in various regions may be a standalone development....
. Often, there is an exciting nightlife with music, dancing and live entertainment. The more successful projects seemed to benefit from waterfront locations and secure parking.

List of festival marketplaces

  • Underground Atlanta
    Underground Atlanta

    Underground Atlanta is a shopping center and entertainment district in the Five Points of downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States, near the intersection of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority rail lines....
    , Atlanta, Georgia
    Atlanta, Georgia

    Atlanta is the Capital and most populous city in Georgia , as well as the 33rd largest city in the United States of America with a population of 519,145....
  • Harborplace
    Harborplace

    Harborplace is a festival marketplace in Baltimore, Maryland, that opened in 1980 as a centerpiece of the revival of downtown Baltimore. As its name suggests, it is located on the Inner Harbor....
    , Baltimore, Maryland
    Baltimore, Maryland

    Baltimore is an independent city and the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland in the United States. Baltimore is located in central Maryland along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay....
  • Faneuil Hall
    Faneuil Hall

    Faneuil Hall , located near the waterfront and today's Government Center, Boston, Massachusetts, in Boston, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, has been a marketplace and a meeting hall since 1742....
    , Boston, Massachusetts
    Boston, Massachusetts

    Boston is the State capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is considered the economic and cultural center of the region, and is sometimes regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England." Boston city proper had a 2007 est...
  • Navy Pier
    Navy Pier

    Navy Pier is a long pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan. The pier was built in 1916 at a cost of United States dollar4.5 million, equivalent to $ today....
    , Chicago, Illinois
  • Jacksonville Landing
    Jacksonville Landing

    [Image:JaxLandingLogo.PNG|thumb|right|225px|Jacksonville Landing's Logo]]The Jacksonville Landing is a shopping and dining complex in Jacksonville, Florida....
    , Jacksonville, Florida
    Jacksonville, Florida

    Jacksonville is the largest city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Duval County, Florida. Since 1968, as a result of the Consolidated city-county of the city and county government , Jacksonville has been the List of United States cities by area city in land area in the continental United States....
  • Bayside Marketplace
    Bayside Marketplace

    Bayside Marketplace is an indoor/outdoor Festival marketplace located in downtown Miami, just south of the AmericanAirlines Arena on Biscayne Bay....
    , Miami, Florida
    Miami, Florida

    Miami is a global city in southeastern Florida, in the United States. Miami is the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the most populous county in Florida....
  • Riverwalk
    Riverwalk

    Riverwalk is a name often given to a foreshoreway or pedestrian area adjacent to a river.Some famous examples of riverwalks are:...
    , New Orleans, Louisiana
    New Orleans, Louisiana

    New Orleans is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana. New Orleans is the center of the New Orleans metropolitan area metropolitan area, the largest metro area in the state....
  • South Street Seaport
    South Street Seaport

    The South Street Seaport is a historic area in the New York City borough of Manhattan, located where Fulton Street meets the East River, and adjacent to the Financial District, Manhattan....
    , New York City
  • Waterside
    Waterside (Norfolk, Virginia)

    The Waterside, a festival marketplace on the Elizabeth River in downtown Norfolk, Virginia, opened June 1, 1983. A critical component of Norfolk's ongoing post-WWII revitalization, the complex connects via a cross-street pedestrian bridge to a parking garage, sits at the foot of the Portsmouth, Virginia Ferry terminal, and connects via a...
    , Norfolk, Virginia
    Norfolk, Virginia

    Norfolk is an independent city in the Virginia in the United States. With a population of 234,403 as of the United States Census 2000, it is Virginia's second-largest incorporated city....
  • Arizona Center
    Arizona Center

    Arizona Center is a shopping center and office complex located in downtown Phoenix, Arizona.Arizona Center was designed by the Rouse Company and opened in the fall of 1990 to great fanfare and high expectations, as it was considered one of the original components of the ongoing downtown revitalization efforts in Phoenix taking place since...
    , Phoenix, Arizona
    Phoenix, Arizona

    Phoenix is the capital and largest city in the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the fifth most populous city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,552,259 residents, and is the anchor of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area with 4,179,427 residents....
  • Station Square
    Station Square

    Station Square is a 52 acre indoor and outdoor shopping, dining and entertainment complex located in the South Shore neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States....
    , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

    Pittsburgh is the second largest city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania with a population of 312,819. The population of the seven-county metropolitan area is 2,462,571....


Failed festival marketplaces

  • Water Street Pavilion, Flint, Michigan
    Flint, Michigan

    Flint is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River , 66 miles northwest of Detroit, Michigan. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a population of 124,943, making it the fifth largest city in Michigan....
  • Union Station
    Union Station (Indianapolis)

    The Indianapolis Union Station was one of the first union station in the world, opening on September 20, 1853, by the Indianapolis Union Railway within the Wholesale District, Indianapolis of Indianapolis, Indiana at 39 Jackson Place....
    , Indianapolis, Indiana
    Indianapolis, Indiana

    Indianapolis is the Capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. The United States Census estimated the city's population, Indianapolis , Indiana the Unigov, at 795,458 in 2006....
  • Portside, Toledo, Ohio
    Toledo, Ohio

    Toledo is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Lucas County, Ohio. Named after Toledo, Spain, it is located on the western end of Lake Erie, on the Michigan border....
  • Sixth Street Marketplace, Richmond, Virginia
    Richmond, Virginia

    Richmond is the Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States. Like all Virginia municipalities incorporated as cities, it is an independent city and not part of any county....
  • Festival Market, Lexington, Kentucky
    Lexington, Kentucky

    Lexington is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the List of United States cities by population in the United States. Known as the "Thoroughbred City" and the "Horse Capital of the World," it is located in the heart of Kentucky's Bluegrass region....
  • Saint Anthony Main
    Saint Anthony Main

    Saint Anthony Main is a shopping mall located on Main Street in the Nicollet Island/East Bank, Minneapolis of Southeast, Minneapolis in the United states state of Minnesota....
    , Minneapolis, Minnesota
    Minneapolis, Minnesota

    Minneapolis is the largest city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and is the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota. The city lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, Minnesota, the state's Capital ....
  • Bandana Square
    Bandana Square

    Bandana Square is an office center and a former shopping mall in the Energy Park industrial park in Saint Paul, Minnesota.It includes a Best Western hotel and conference center, the Twin City Model Railroad Club railway museum, as well as a few restaurants....
    , Saint Paul, Minnesota
    Saint Paul, Minnesota

    Saint Paul is the state capital and second most populated city in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The city lies on the north bank of the Mississippi River, downstream of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Minneapolis, Minnesota, the state's List of cities in Minnesota....
  • West End Marketplace, Dallas, Texas
    Dallas, Texas

    Dallas is the third largest city in the state of Texas and the List of United States cities by population in the United States.The city, with a population of over 1.3 million, is the main economic center of the 12-county Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex which contains 6.1 million people, and is the fourth-largest United States metropolitan area...