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Ferrocyanide

 

 
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Ferrocyanide
 
 
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Ferrocyanide is the name of the anion Fe
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
(C
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
N
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
)64-. In aqueous solutions, this coordination complex is relatively unreactive. It is usually available as the potassium salt potassium ferrocyanide
Potassium ferrocyanide

Potassium ferrocyanide, also known as yellow prussiate of potash or potassium hexacyanoferrate, is a complex of formula K4[Fe6]?3H2O, which forms lemon-yellow monoclinic crystals at room temperature, and which decomposes at its boiling point....
, which has the formula K4Fe(CN)6.

CN)6]4- is a diamagnetic species, featuring low-spin iron(II) center in an octahedral ligand environment
Octahedral molecular geometry

In chemistry, octahedral molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where in six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are symmetrically arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of an octahedron....
. Although many salts of cyanide are highly toxic, ferro- and ferricyanides are less toxic because they tend not to release free cyanide. Its most important reaction is its oxidation to ferricyanide
Ferricyanide

Ferricyanide is the name for the anion [Fe6]3-. Its systematic name is hexacyanoferrate ion. The most common salt of this anion is potassium ferricyanide, a red crystalline material that is used as an oxidant in organic chemistry....
:
[Fe(CN)6]4- [Fe(CN)6]3- + e-
This conversion can be followed spectroscopically at 535 nm with an absorption coefficient of 21600 M-1 cm-1.

Treatment of ferrocyanide with ferric-containing compounds affords Prussian Blue
Prussian blue

Prussian blue is a very dark blue, colorfast, non-toxic pigment ? one of the first synthetic pigments ? which was discovered accidentally in Berlin in 1704....
, an intensely blue compound that is widely used as a pigment.

ocyanide and its oxidized product ferricyanide, [Fe(CN)6]3-, are impermeable to the plasma membrane.






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Encyclopedia


Ferrocyanide is the name of the anion Fe
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
(C
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
N
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
)64-. In aqueous solutions, this coordination complex is relatively unreactive. It is usually available as the potassium salt potassium ferrocyanide
Potassium ferrocyanide

Potassium ferrocyanide, also known as yellow prussiate of potash or potassium hexacyanoferrate, is a complex of formula K4[Fe6]?3H2O, which forms lemon-yellow monoclinic crystals at room temperature, and which decomposes at its boiling point....
, which has the formula K4Fe(CN)6.

Coordination chemistry

[Fe(CN)6]4- is a diamagnetic species, featuring low-spin iron(II) center in an octahedral ligand environment
Octahedral molecular geometry

In chemistry, octahedral molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where in six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are symmetrically arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of an octahedron....
. Although many salts of cyanide are highly toxic, ferro- and ferricyanides are less toxic because they tend not to release free cyanide. Its most important reaction is its oxidation to ferricyanide
Ferricyanide

Ferricyanide is the name for the anion [Fe6]3-. Its systematic name is hexacyanoferrate ion. The most common salt of this anion is potassium ferricyanide, a red crystalline material that is used as an oxidant in organic chemistry....
:
[Fe(CN)6]4- [Fe(CN)6]3- + e-
This conversion can be followed spectroscopically at 535 nm with an absorption coefficient of 21600 M-1 cm-1.

Treatment of ferrocyanide with ferric-containing compounds affords Prussian Blue
Prussian blue

Prussian blue is a very dark blue, colorfast, non-toxic pigment ? one of the first synthetic pigments ? which was discovered accidentally in Berlin in 1704....
, an intensely blue compound that is widely used as a pigment.

Use in biochemistry

Ferrocyanide and its oxidized product ferricyanide, [Fe(CN)6]3-, are impermeable to the plasma membrane. For this reason ferrocyanide has been used as a probe of extracellular electron receptor in the study of redox reactions in cells
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
. Ferricyanide is used thus any increase in ferrocyanide can be attributed to secretions of reductants or "Trans Plasma Membrane Electron Transport" (TPMET) activity.

Potassium ferricyanide
Potassium ferricyanide

Potassium ferricyanide is the chemical compound with the formula K3[Fe6]. This bright red salt consists of the coordination compound ferricyanide....
 is often used as a mediator in the test strips used with blood glucose meter
Glucose meter

A glucose meter is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood. It is a key element of home blood glucose monitoring by people with diabetes mellitus or with proneness to hypoglycemia....
s by people suffering from diabetes. It is used in this application because it is easily reduced to potassium ferrocyanide.

Nomenclature

According to the recommendations of IUPAC
IUPAC nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ....
, ferrocyanide should be called "hexacyanoferrate(II)."

See also

  • Ferricyanide
    Ferricyanide

    Ferricyanide is the name for the anion [Fe6]3-. Its systematic name is hexacyanoferrate ion. The most common salt of this anion is potassium ferricyanide, a red crystalline material that is used as an oxidant in organic chemistry....