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Ferdinand I of Aragon

 

 
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Ferdinand I of Aragon
 
 
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in San Benito el Real Valladolid, by Juan Rodríguez de Toledo (c.1410–15), now in the Museo del Prado
Museo del Prado

The Museo del Prado is a museum and art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It features one of the world's finest collections of European art, from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former Spanish Royal Collection....
, Madrid
Madrid

Madrid is the Capital and largest city of Spain. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits in the European Union after Greater London and Berlin, and its Madrid metropolitan area is the Largest urban areas of the European Union in the European Union after Paris aire urbaine, Greater London Urban Area, a...
]] Ferdinand I (Medina del Campo, Castile, 27 November 1380 – 2 April 1416 in Igualada, Catalonia) called of Antequera and also the Just or the Honest, was king of Aragon
Kingdom of Aragon

The Kingdom of Aragon was an old Monarchy in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day Autonomous communities of Spain of Aragon , in Spain....
, Valencia
Kingdom of Valencia

The Christian Kingdom of Valencia , located in the Eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon....
, Majorca
Kingdom of Majorca

The Kingdom of Majorca was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as James The Conqueror. After the death of his first-born son Alfonso, a will was written in 1262 which created the kingdom in order to cede it to his son James....
, Sardinia
Kingdom of Sardinia

Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
 and (nominal) Corsica
Corsica

Corsica is the Mediterranean islands#By area in the Mediterranean Sea . It is located west of Italy, southeast of the France mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....
 and king of Sicily
Kingdom of Sicily

The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
, duke (nominal) of Athens
Duchy of Athens

The Duchy of Athens was one of the Crusader States set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century....
 and Neopatria, and count of Barcelona, Roussillon
County of Roussillon

The County of Roussillon or Rossell? was one of the Catalan counties in the Marca Hispanica during the Middle Ages. The rulers of the county were the Counts of Roussillon, whose interests lay both north and south of the Pyrenees....
 and Cerdanya (1412-1416).






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in San Benito el Real Valladolid, by Juan Rodríguez de Toledo (c.1410–15), now in the Museo del Prado
Museo del Prado

The Museo del Prado is a museum and art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It features one of the world's finest collections of European art, from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former Spanish Royal Collection....
, Madrid
Madrid

Madrid is the Capital and largest city of Spain. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits in the European Union after Greater London and Berlin, and its Madrid metropolitan area is the Largest urban areas of the European Union in the European Union after Paris aire urbaine, Greater London Urban Area, a...
]] Ferdinand I (Medina del Campo, Castile, 27 November 1380 – 2 April 1416 in Igualada, Catalonia) called of Antequera and also the Just or the Honest, was king of Aragon
Kingdom of Aragon

The Kingdom of Aragon was an old Monarchy in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day Autonomous communities of Spain of Aragon , in Spain....
, Valencia
Kingdom of Valencia

The Christian Kingdom of Valencia , located in the Eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon....
, Majorca
Kingdom of Majorca

The Kingdom of Majorca was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as James The Conqueror. After the death of his first-born son Alfonso, a will was written in 1262 which created the kingdom in order to cede it to his son James....
, Sardinia
Kingdom of Sardinia

Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
 and (nominal) Corsica
Corsica

Corsica is the Mediterranean islands#By area in the Mediterranean Sea . It is located west of Italy, southeast of the France mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....
 and king of Sicily
Kingdom of Sicily

The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
, duke (nominal) of Athens
Duchy of Athens

The Duchy of Athens was one of the Crusader States set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century....
 and Neopatria, and count of Barcelona, Roussillon
County of Roussillon

The County of Roussillon or Rossell? was one of the Catalan counties in the Marca Hispanica during the Middle Ages. The rulers of the county were the Counts of Roussillon, whose interests lay both north and south of the Pyrenees....
 and Cerdanya (1412-1416). Regent of Castile
Crown of Castile

The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity, is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of Kingdom of Le?n and Kingdom of Castile, or more concretely, with the union of their parliaments a few decades later....
 (1406-1416). See Crown of Aragon
Crown of Aragon

The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.At the height of its power by the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain, Northern Catalonia, as well as some of the major islands and mainland...
.

He was the younger son of king John I of Castile
John I of Castile

John I was the king of Crown of Castile, was the son of Henry II of Castile and of his wife Juana Manuel of Castile, daughter of Juan Manuel, Duke of Penafiel, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile....
 and Eleanor of Aragon
Eleanor of Aragon

Eleanor of Aragon was a daughter of King Peter IV of Aragon and his wife Eleanor of Sicily. Her maternal grandfather was Peter II of Sicily.Her brother became John I of Aragon....
.

In 1406, upon the death of his elder brother, king Henry III of Castile
Henry III of Castile

Henry III , sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm was the son of John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, and succeeded him as List of Castilian monarchs of Kingdom of Castile and Kingdom of Le?n in 1390....
, Ferdinand declined the Castilian crown and instead, with Henry's widow Catherine of Lancaster
Catherine of Lancaster

Katherine of Lancaster, also known as Katherine Plantagenet was the daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his second wife, Constance of Castile ....
, became coregent during the minority of his nephew John II of Castile
John II of Castile

John II was kings of Castile from 1406 to 1454. He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Katherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster by Constance of Castile , daughter of King Pedro of Castile ....
. In this capacity he distinguished himself by his prudent administration of domestic affairs.

In a war with the Muslim kingdom of Granada
Granada

Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada , in the autonomous communities of Spain of Andalusia, Spain....
, he conquered the town of Antequera
Antequera

Antequera is a city and municipality in the province of M?laga , part of the Spain autonomous communities of Spain of Andalusia. It is known as "the heart of Andalusia" because of its central location between M?laga, Granada, C?rdoba, Spain, and Seville....
 (1410), and hence his surname.

After Ferdinand's maternal uncle, the king Martin I of Aragon
Martin I of Aragon

Martin of Aragon , called the Elder, the Humane, the Ecclesiastic, was the King of Aragon, King of Valencia, King of Sardinia, and Medieval Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 ....
 (Martin II of Sicily), died without surviving issue, Ferdinand was chosen king of Aragon
Crown of Aragon

The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.At the height of its power by the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain, Northern Catalonia, as well as some of the major islands and mainland...
 in 1412 to succeed him in the Compromise of Caspe
Compromise of Caspe

The Compromise of Caspe made in 1412 was an act and resolution of parliamentary representatives on behalf of the Kingdoms of Aragon and Kingdom of Valencia and the County of Barcelona, to resolve the interregnum commenced by the death of King Martin I of Aragon in 1410 without a legitimate heir, in Caspe....
. The other candidate, count James II of Urgell
James II of Urgell

James II was the Count of Urgell , Viscount of ?ger, and lord of Antill?n, Alcolea de Cinca, and Fraga. Scion of a younger branch of the House of Barcelona and its last male member, he was the centre of opposition to the House of Trast?mara after its succeeded to the Crown of Aragon in 1412....
 (see counts of Urgell
Counts of Urgell

This is a list of the counts of Urgell....
), revolted and Ferdinand dissolved the county of Urgell in 1413.

Ferdinand created the title of prince of Girona
Prince of Girona

Sorry, no overview for this topic
 for the heir of the Crown of Aragon
Crown of Aragon

The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.At the height of its power by the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain, Northern Catalonia, as well as some of the major islands and mainland...
 in 1414.

The most notable accomplishment of his brief reign was his agreement in 1416 to depose the antipope Benedict XIII
Antipope Benedict XIII

Benedict XIII, born Pedro Mart?nez de Luna, , known as el Papa Luna in Aragonese and Spanish language, was an Aragon, and is officially considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be an Antipope....
, thereby helping to end the Great Schism
Great Schism

The term Great Schism may refer to one of several events in Christianity:* The East-West Schism , between Western Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church Christianity....
, which had divided the Western Church for nearly 40 years.

He is buried in the Aragonese royal pantheon of the monastery of Poblet, in a magnificent tomb ordered by his son Alfonso
Alfonso V of Aragon

Alfonso the Magnanimous was the King of Aragon , King of Valencia , Kingdom of Majorca, Kingdom of Sardinia , and Kingdom of Sicily and Count of Barcelona from 1416 and King of Naples from 1442 until his death....
 to Pere Oller in 1417.

Lorenzo Valla
Lorenzo Valla

Lorenzo Valla was an Italy Renaissance humanism, rhetorician, and education. His family was from Piacenza; his father, Luca della Valla, was a lawyer....
 wrote an official biography of Ferdinand (Historiarum Ferdinandi regis Aragonum libri sex).

Family and children

In 1393 Ferdinand married Eleanor of Alburquerque
Eleanor of Alburquerque

Eleanor of Alburquerque became Queen consort of List of Aragonese monarchs by her marriage to Ferdinand I of Aragon. In Spanish language she is known as Leonor Urraca de Castilla, Condesa de Alburquerque....
 (1374-1435). They had seven children:
  • Alfonso V of Aragon
    Alfonso V of Aragon

    Alfonso the Magnanimous was the King of Aragon , King of Valencia , Kingdom of Majorca, Kingdom of Sardinia , and Kingdom of Sicily and Count of Barcelona from 1416 and King of Naples from 1442 until his death....
     (1396-1458), king of Aragon
    Crown of Aragon

    The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.At the height of its power by the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain, Northern Catalonia, as well as some of the major islands and mainland...
    , Sicily
    Kingdom of Sicily

    The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
     and Naples
    Kingdom of Naples

    The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers...
  • Maria of Aragon
    Maria of Aragon, Queen of Castile

    Maria of Aragon was the first wife and Queen consort of John II of Castile. The daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque, she married her cousin John in 1418....
    , (1396-1445), queen of Castile
    Crown of Castile

    The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity, is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of Kingdom of Le?n and Kingdom of Castile, or more concretely, with the union of their parliaments a few decades later....
    , first wife of John II of Castile
    John II of Castile

    John II was kings of Castile from 1406 to 1454. He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Katherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster by Constance of Castile , daughter of King Pedro of Castile ....
  • John II of Aragon
    John II of Aragon

    John II the Great was the King of Aragon and jure uxoris King of Navarre . He was the son of Ferdinand I of Aragon and his wife Eleanor of Alburquerque....
     (1398-1479)
  • Henry of Aragon (c. 1400-1445), duke of Villena, count of Alburquerque and Empuries, lord of Sogorb, etc., and grand master of the military Order of Santiago
  • Eleanor of Aragon, (1402-1445), queen of Portugal
    Kingdom of Portugal

    The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the Portuguese monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe, and existed from 1139 to 1910....
    , who married Edward I of Portugal
  • Peter of Aragon (1406-1438), count of Alburquerque and duke of Noto
  • Sancho of Aragon (1410-1416)


Further reading

  • J. N Hillgarth, The Spanish Kingdoms. ISBN 0 19 822531 8
  • T. N. Bisson, The Medieval Crown of Aragon. ISBN 0-19-820236-9


External links

  • (in Spanish)
  • (in Spanish)