Federalist

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Federalist

The term "'federalist'" describes several political beliefs around the world. It also has reference to the concept of federalism

Federalism

Federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together with a governing representative head. The term federalism is also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units ....
or the type of government

Government

Government is the body within any organization that has the authority to make and the power to enforce laws, regulations, or rules. Typically, the government refers to a civil government -- local, provincial, or national -- but commercial, academic, religious, or other formal organizations are also administered by governing bodies....
called a federation

Federation

A federation is a Political union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the state is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a Unilateralism decision of the central government....
.

a class="link1" onMouseover='showByLink("m71424",this)' onMouseout='hide("m71424")'href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Latin_America">Latin America

Latin America

Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages ? particularly Spanish language and Portuguese language, and variably French language ? are primarily spoken....
the term "Federalist" is used in reference to Argentina

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
and Colombia

Colombia

Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the north west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean....
. Federalists were in opposition to the Unitarianists in Argentina and Centralists in Colombia in the early 1800s. Many Federalists were provincianos, Argentines who were from outside of Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....
; in other words, citizens of the interior of Argentina.

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Encyclopedia

The term "'federalist'" describes several political beliefs around the world. It also has reference to the concept of federalism

Federalism

Government

Federation

Latin America

In Latin America

Latin America

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
and Colombia

Colombia

Buenos Aires Province

Gaucho

File:Gaucho1868b.jpgGaucho is a term commonly used to describe residents of the South American pampas, chacos or Patagonian pampa, found principally in parts of Argentina, Uruguay, Zona Austral and Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil....
armies of the interior fought for decades to maintain federalism. Federalists fought for complete self-government, as opposed to the centralized government that the Unitarianists and Centralists favored. The self-government that the Federalists fought for was basically a call for "virtual autonomy" in each province. Furthermore, Federalists demanded tariff

Tariff

A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary. They are usually associated with protectionism, the economic policy of restraining trade between nations....
protection for their recently acquired industries and called for the end of Buenos Aires as the intermediary center of trade.

General José de San Martín

José de San Martín

Jos? Francisco de San Mart?n Matorras, also known as Jos? de San Mart?n , was an Argentina general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain....
feared the Federalists. Martín endorsed a plan for a new mall along with leading creoles

Creole class

The Creole class consisted of White people inhabitants of the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire colony in the Americas who were born in these colonies....
. He believed that federalism meant a loss of order: "It would mean the certain destruction of Argentine unity, the dismemberment of the country into regional governments, and the emergence of a society dominated by the hydra-headed Gaucho tyrants of the interior plains."

In 1819, the Gaucho armies, who wanted a federation and regional autonomy, threatened attack on Buenos Aires after Juan Martín de Pueyrredón

Juan Martín de Pueyrredón

Juan Mart?n de Pueyrred?n y O'Dogan was an Argentina general and politician of the early 19th century.Pueyrred?n was born in Buenos Aires, where he was educated at the Royal College, which he left in 1791 to assume the responsibilities for the family business after his father's death....
, the director of the government in Buenos Aires, resigned.

At the Battle of Cepeda

Battle of Cepeda

There were two confrontation known under the name of Battle of Cepeda :*Battle of Cepeda , between Federals Estanislao L?pez and Francisco Ram?rez, and Unitarian Jos? Rondeau....
in 1820, the Federalists forces defeated the Unitarianists, led by General José Rondeau

José Rondeau

Jos? Casimiro Rondeau Pereyra was a general and politician in Argentina and Uruguay in the early 19th century.He was born in Buenos Aires but soon after his birth, the family moved to Montevideo, where he grew up and went to school....
, the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

The Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the R?o de la Plata , was a title given to the executive officers of the United Provinces of the R?o de la Plata, according to the supreme director established in 1814 by the Asamblea del A?o XIII....
. After the defeat, months of anarchy followed. Later, the Unitarianists were forced to sign a treaty with other provinces that failed to solve the conflict between the Unitarianists and the Federalists.

Juan Manuel Rosas, boss of a troop of Gaucho Federalists, defeated General Juan Lavalle

Juan Lavalle

Juan Galo Lavalle was an Argentina military figure and political figure....
. Lavalle was forced into exile and Rosas was elected to office by the legislature in 1829.

In 1829 the Liga Unitaria was created by General José María Paz

José María Paz

General Brigadier Jos? Mar?a Paz y Haedo was an Argentina military figure, notable in the independence of Argentina....
in order to defeat the Federalists. The Gaucho Federalists faced Paz and his troops on May 31, 1831 and the Unitarianists were defeated after the Gauchos capture the Unitarianist commander.

In 1859, Buenos Aires was forced to accept the federal constitution of 1853 after six years of secession. This was because on October 23, the commander of the Buenos Aires army, Bartolomé Mitre

Bartolomé Mitre

Bartolom? Mitre Martinez was an Argentina statesman, military figure, and author. He was the President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868.As a liberal, he was an opponent of Juan Manuel de Rosas, and he was forced into exile where he worked as a soldier and journalist in Uruguay, Bolivia, Peru, and Chile....
, was defeated at Cepeda by the Argentine Confederation, led by Justo José de Urquiza

Justo José de Urquiza

Justo Jos? de Urquiza y Garc?a was an Argentina general and politician. He was president of the Argentine Confederation from 1854 to 1860.As the caudillo of Entre R?os Province, Urquiza helped sustain the power of Juan Manuel de Rosas....
. However, the federal constitution was “amended to allow Buenos Aires greater influence.” The Battle of Pavón

Battle of Pavón

The Battle of Pav?n was a key battle of the Argentina civil wars fought in Pav?n, Santa F?, in Santa F? Province, Argentina, on September 17, 1861, between the Army of Buenos Aires, commanded by Bartolom? Mitre, and the National Army, commanded by Justo Jos? de Urquiza....
in 1861 ended the period of “armed strife.”

Quebec

Federalist

Quebec federalist ideology

Quebec federalist ideology revolves around the concept of Quebec remaining within Canada, in opposition to the desires of Quebec sovereignty movement and proponents of Quebec independence ....
, in regard to the National Question, defends the concept of Quebec remaining within Canada

Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
, while either keeping the status quo
Status Quo

Status Quo, also known as The Quo or just Quo, are an England rock music band whose music is characterized by the twelve-bar blues....
é or pursuing greater autonomy and constitutional recognition of a Quebec nation
Distinct society

Distinct society is a political expression especially used during constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990s, and present in the two failed constitutional amendments, the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord....
, with corresponding rights and powers for Quebec within the Canadian federation. This ideology is opposed to Quebec sovereigntism
Quebec sovereignty movement

The Quebec sovereignty movement refers to the history and present status of multiple, multi-lateral political movements aimed at attaining statehood for the Canadian province of Quebec....
, proponents of Quebec independence, most often (but not for all followers) along with an economic union with Canada similar to the European Union.

The United States
In the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
the term federalist usually applies to a member of one of the following groups:
Historic

Statesmen and public figures supporting ratification of the proposed Constitution of the United States between 1787 and 1789. The Federalist Papers
Federalist Papers

The Federalist Papers are a series of List of Federalist Papers advocating the History of the United States Constitution#Ratification of the United States United States Constitution....
are documents associated with their movement.
Statesmen and public figures supporting the administrations of Presidents George Washington
George Washington

George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War and served as the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States of the United States of Americas ....
(1789–1797) and John Adams
John Adams

John Adams was an Politics of the United States and the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States , after being the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States for two terms....
(1797–1801). Especially in the later years they were also called the Federalist Party
Federalist Party (United States)

The Federalist Party was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. The Federalists controlled the federal government until 1801....
, founded by Alexander Hamilton. It opposed the Democratic-Republican Party during the 1800s.

Contemporary
In reference to the historical political party and as defined by Merriam-Webster, someone favoring a strong centralized national government.

The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies
Federalist Society

The Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies, most frequently called simply the Federalist Society, is an organization of conservatives and libertarians seeking reform of the current Law of the United States in accordance with an Originalism....
is an organization of conservative and libertarian lawyers and others dedicated to debate of these principles.

The World Federalist Movement
World Federalist Movement

The World Federalist Movement - Institute for Global Policy is a global citizens movement with member and associate organizations around the world....
. "World federalists support the creation of democratic global structures accountable to the citizens of the world and call for the division of international authority among separate agencies."

See also

Federalist Party
Federalist Era
Federalist Era

The Federalist Era was a time period in American history from roughly 1789-1801 when the Federalist Party was dominant in American politics. This period saw the adoption of the United States Constitution and the expansion of the federal government....
Anti-Federalism
Anti-Federalism

Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the United States Constitution of 1787....
Confederation
Confederation

Usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution, confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues such as defense , foreign affairs, or a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members....
World Federation

External links

" unitario ." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 Nov. 2008 .

Crow, John A. (1992). The Epic of Latin America. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07723-2.
" Cepeda, battles of ." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 5 Nov. 2008 .