Fairhope, Alabama
Encyclopedia
Fairhope is a city in Baldwin County
Baldwin County, Alabama
-2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*85.7% White*9.4% Black*0.7% Native American*0.7% Asian*0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*1.5% Two or more races*4.4% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...

, Alabama
Alabama
Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...

, on a sloping plateau, along the cliffs and shoreline of Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. Its mouth is formed by the Fort Morgan Peninsula on the eastern side and Dauphin Island, a barrier island on the western side. The Mobile River and Tensaw River empty into the northern end of the...

. The 2010 census lists the population of the city as 16,176.
Fairhope is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley micropolitan area
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley micropolitan area
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley Micropolitan Statistical Area covers all of Baldwin County, the largest county by area in Alabama, which is located in the Mobile Bay region. As of 2007, the population was 171,769...

, which includes all of Baldwin County.

Geography

Fairhope is located at 30°31'35.018" North, 87°53'44.473" West (30.526394, -87.895687).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11 square miles (28.5 km²), all of which is land.
Its elevation is 122 feet (37.2 m).

History

Fairhope was founded in November, 1894 on the site of former Alabama City as a utopia
Utopia
Utopia is an ideal community or society possessing a perfect socio-politico-legal system. The word was imported from Greek by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean. The term has been used to describe both intentional communities that attempt...

n single tax colony by the "Fairhope Industrial Association": a group of 28 followers of economist Henry George
Henry George
Henry George was an American writer, politician and political economist, who was the most influential proponent of the land value tax, also known as the "single tax" on land...

 who had incorporated earlier that year in Des Moines, Iowa
Des Moines, Iowa
Des Moines is the capital and the most populous city in the US state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small portion of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines which was shortened to "Des Moines" in 1857...

. Their corporate constitution explained their purpose in founding a new colony:
"to establish and conduct a model community or colony, free from all forms of private monopoly, and to secure to its members therein equality of opportunity, the full reward of individual efforts, and the benefits of co-operation in matters of general concern."


In forming their demonstration project, they pooled their funds to purchase land at "Stapleton's pasture" on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. Its mouth is formed by the Fort Morgan Peninsula on the eastern side and Dauphin Island, a barrier island on the western side. The Mobile River and Tensaw River empty into the northern end of the...

 and then divided it into a number of long-term leaseholds. The corporation paid all governmental taxes from rents paid by the lessees, thus simulating a single-tax. The purpose of the single-tax colony was to eliminate disincentives for productive use of land and thereby retain the value of land for the community.

"Fairhope Avenue" was one of the properties on the 1910 version of the board game "The Landlord's Game
The Landlord's Game
The Landlord's Game is a board game patented in 1904 by Elizabeth Magie as . It is a realty and taxation game, which is considered to be a direct inspiration for the board game Monopoly...

".

In 1907 educator Marietta Johnson
Marietta Johnson
Marietta Pierce Johnson , educational reformer, was born in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1864 and moved with her family to Fairhope, Alabama in 1902. In 1907 she founded a progressive school called The School of Organic Education, .Mrs...

 founded the School for Organic Education in Fairhope. The school was praised in John Dewey
John Dewey
John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology...

's influential 1915 book Schools of Tomorrow. Dewey and Johnson were founding members of the Progressive Education Association.

Fairhope became a popular wintering spot for artists and intellectuals. Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson was an American novelist and short story writer. His most enduring work is the short story sequence Winesburg, Ohio. Writers he has influenced include Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, J. D. Salinger, and Amos Oz.-Early life:Anderson was born in Clyde, Ohio,...

, Wharton Esherick
Wharton Esherick
Wharton Esherick was a sculptor who worked primarily in wood. He reveled in applying the principles of sculpture to common utilitarian objects. Consequently he is best known for his sculptural furniture and furnishings...

, Carl Zigrosser, and Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair
Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. , was an American author who wrote close to one hundred books in many genres. He achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic muckraking novel, The Jungle . It exposed conditions in the U.S...

 were among its notable visitors.


The Fairhope Single-Tax Corporation still operates, with 1,800 leaseholds covering more than 4000 acres (16.2 km²) in and around the current city of Fairhope. Despite the ideals of the corporation, the town has transitioned from utopian experiment to artist's and intellectual's colony to boutique resort and affluent suburb of Mobile
Mobile, Alabama
Mobile is the third most populous city in the Southern US state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County. It is located on the Mobile River and the central Gulf Coast of the United States. The population within the city limits was 195,111 during the 2010 census. It is the largest...

.

For over 50 years, fishermen and residents of Fairhope have experienced the "jubilee" phenomenon. During a jubilee
Mobile Bay jubilee
Jubilee is the name used locally for a natural phenomenon that occurs sporadically on the shores of Mobile Bay, a large body of water on Alabama's Gulf Coast. During a jubilee many species of crab and shrimp, as well as flounder, eels, and other demersal fish will leave deeper waters and swarm—in...

 along the shores of Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay
Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. Its mouth is formed by the Fort Morgan Peninsula on the eastern side and Dauphin Island, a barrier island on the western side. The Mobile River and Tensaw River empty into the northern end of the...

, some aquatic animals, including blue crab
Crab
True crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" , or where the reduced abdomen is entirely hidden under the thorax...

s, flounder
Flounder
The flounder is an ocean-dwelling flatfish species that is found in coastal lagoons and estuaries of the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.-Taxonomy:There are a number of geographical and taxonomical species to which flounder belong.*Western Atlantic...

, stingray
Stingray
The stingrays are a group of rays, which are cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes, and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae , Plesiobatidae , Urolophidae , Urotrygonidae , Dasyatidae , Potamotrygonidae The...

s, and eel
Eel
Eels are an order of fish, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and approximately 800 species. Most eels are predators...

s, come to the shallow water. At those times, it is possible to catch the fish, crabs, and other sea life near the water's edge.

A nearby attraction known as the Weeks Bay Nature Reserve is known for the many oaks, wildlife and pitcher plants along the elevated walkways through the swamp forest.

The Bell Building on the Faulkner State Community College
Faulkner State Community College
Faulkner State Community College is a two-year public college located in Baldwin County, Alabama established in 1965. Faulkner State has three locations. The administrative campus is located in Bay Minette, Alabama...

 campus houses the The Marietta Johnson Museum. The Fairhope Museum of History is located downtown.

Modern History

In March of 2011, Fairhope City Council unanimously enacted a city-wide ban against texting while driving. The offense is punishable by a fine of $100.00.

Government

Fairhope is governed by a Mayor and five person city council. The mayor serves as the full time city executive while council members serve part time.

Mayor: Tim Kant

Councilmembers:
  • Debbie Quinn
  • Lonnie L. Mixon
  • Rick Kingrea
  • Dan Stankoski
  • Mike Ford


The current Council's relationship with Mayor Kant has been contentious over the past 3 years. The Council has offered pretextual reasons for lowering his salary, but many residents believe this move is yet another sucker-punch in this embarrassing battle of egos. The power struggle between the Council and Mayor has been very public.

Development

Local and national real estate developers have built commercial facilities in the downtown area that are larger than have been historically allowed.

In July, 2007
July 2007
July 2007 is the seventh month of that year. It began on a Sunday and 31 days later, ended on a Tuesday.-International holidays:* July 1 – Canada Day * July 1 – July Morning * July 1 – Republic Day...

, Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , branded as Walmart since 2008 and Wal-Mart before then, is an American public multinational corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the world's 18th largest public corporation, according to the Forbes Global 2000...

 opened a store just beyond the city limits. Plans to build a store within the city limits were protested by residents seeking to protect Fairhope's small town image. The new store employs 400 people, 350 of whom are from Fairhope.

Fairhope's building and zoning ordinances overlap with those of Baldwin County. Residents of the city want more control of construction projects near, but still outside the city limits, while residents outside the city limits want less city control of their property.

Climate

Fairhope has a humid subtropical climate
Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...

. It experiences hot, humid summers and generally mild winters, with average high temperatures ranging from 90°F (31.7 C) in the summer to 59°F (15 C) high during winter.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high
°F (°C)
59 (15) 63 (17) 70 (21) 77 (26) 83 (28) 89 (32) 90 (32) 89 (32) 87 (30) 79 (27) 70 (21) 62 (17) 76.4 (24.6)
Average low
°F (°C)
39
(4)
41 (5) 49 (9) 56 (13) 63 (17) 70 (21) 72 (22) 72 (22) 68 (20) 56 (13) 49 (9) 42 (5) 56.3 (13.5)
Average rainfall: inches/mm 5 /
127
6.1
155
6.1
155
4.1
104
5.4
137
6.6
168
7.3
185
6.7
170
5.7
145
3.2
81
4.2
107
4.9
124
65.1 /
1654

Source: http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=318210&refer=weatherbase.com

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2000, there were 12,480 people, 5,345 households, and 3,575 families residing in the city. Its population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 1135.1 /sqmi. There were 6,000 housing units at an average density of 545.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.22% White
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 7.79% Black
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.20% Native American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.62% Asian
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.04% Pacific Islander
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.21% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 0.93% from two or more races. 1.04% of the population were Hispanic
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 or Latino
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 of any race.

There were 5,345 households out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.83.

21.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 83.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $42,913, and the median income for a family was $56,976. Males had a median income of $41,692 versus $27,959 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the city was $25,237. About 4.9% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Fairhope's public schools are part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system.
  • Fairhope High School
    Fairhope High School
    Fairhope High School is a public secondary school located in Fairhope, Alabama. Fairhope High School is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system. They service grades 9-12.-History:...

     (9-12), 1,142 students, Principal Beverly Thomas. Fairhope High School is located in the southern most part of Fairhope. It is estimated that 39% of the city of Fairhope's high school age students attend Daphne High School
    Daphne High School
    Daphne High School is a secondary school located in Daphne, Alabama. The school, which serves grades 9-12, is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools district. Students at the school live in the city of Daphne and its surrounding unincorporated areas and the city of Loxley...

     that is north of Fairhope.
  • Fairhope Middle School (6-8), 642 students, Principal Angie Hall.
  • J. Larry Newton School (K-8), 731 students, Principal Suellen Brazil.( In Barnwell, AL )
  • Fairhope Intermediate School (4-5), 397 students, Principal Gartrell Austin Agee.
  • Fairhope Elementary School (2-3), 278 students, Principal Terry E. Beasley.
  • Fairhope K-1 Center (K-1), 459 students, Principal Pat Carlton.


Other schools in Fairhope include:
  • Baldwin County Alternative School (6-12)
  • The Marietta Johnson School of Organic Education continues to operate as a private school for with approximately 51 students as of July 2007. The school offers education to life groups that traditionally span 1st through 8th grades.
  • Faulkner State Community College
    Faulkner State Community College
    Faulkner State Community College is a two-year public college located in Baldwin County, Alabama established in 1965. Faulkner State has three locations. The administrative campus is located in Bay Minette, Alabama...

     has a campus in Fairhope that provides adult education
    Adult education
    Adult education is the practice of teaching and educating adults. Adult education takes place in the workplace, through 'extension' school or 'school of continuing education' . Other learning places include folk high schools, community colleges, and lifelong learning centers...

    , undergraduate courses, non-credit and community service programs.
  • The University of South Alabama
    University of South Alabama
    The University of South Alabama is a public, doctoral-level university in Mobile, Alabama, USA. It was created by the Alabama Legislature in 1963, and replaced existing extension programs operated in Mobile by the University of Alabama. No other areas of the state were willing to support such a...

     has a branch campus in Fairhope providing graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses in education, counseling, nursing and business alongside non-credit and community service programs.

Notable residents

  • Bob Baumhower
    Bob Baumhower
    Robert Glenn Baumhower is a former American football player who played college football for the University of Alabama and professional football for the Miami Dolphins of the NFL.-Collegiate and NFL awards:...

    , football player (University of Alabama & Miami Dolphins)
  • Rick Bragg
    Rick Bragg
    Rick Bragg is an American author and journalist known for his non-fiction books, especially those on his family in Alabama...

    , author and Pulitzer Prize winning journalist
  • Anna Braune, children's book author and illustrator
  • Gregory Brown, guitarist and songwriter.
  • Jimmy Buffett
    Jimmy Buffett
    James William "Jimmy" Buffett is a singer-songwriter, author, entrepreneur, and film producer. He is best known for his music, which often portrays an "island escapism" lifestyle. Together with his Coral Reefer Band, Buffett's musical hits include "Margaritaville" , and "Come Monday"...

    , singer and songwriter
  • Marshall Chapman
    Marshall Chapman
    Marshall Chapman is an American singer-songwriter and author.Chapman, the daughter of a cotton mill owner, was taken to an Elvis Presley concert in 1957 and says the experience changed her from a southern debutante to a nascent rock and roller...

    , songwriter and musician
  • Dave Edwards
    Dave Edwards (musician)
    Dave Edwards was an American big band-style musician who most notably was the lead alto saxophonist and multireedist for the long running, weekly Lawrence Welk Show on T.V. for over a decade from 1968 through 1979....

    , musician
  • Fannie Flagg
    Fannie Flagg
    Patricia Neal , known professionally as Fannie Flagg, is an American actress, comedienne and author. She is perhaps best-known for the 1988 novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe, which was adapted into the 1991 movie Fried Green Tomatoes; Flagg was nominated for an Academy Award for...

    , author and actress
  • Ernest B. Gaston, founder of Fairhope
  • Winston Groom
    Winston Groom
    Winston F. Groom, Jr. is an American novelist and non-fiction writer, best known for his book Forrest Gump, which was adapted into a film in 1994.- Life :...

    , author (Forrest Gump
    Forrest Gump
    Forrest Gump is a 1994 American epic comedy-drama romance film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis, starring Tom Hanks, Robin Wright and Gary Sinise...

    )
  • Marie Howland
    Marie Howland
    Marie Stevens Case Howland was an American feminist writer of the nineteenth century, who was closely associated with the utopian social movements of her era....

    , utopian and journalist
  • Marietta Johnson
    Marietta Johnson
    Marietta Pierce Johnson , educational reformer, was born in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1864 and moved with her family to Fairhope, Alabama in 1902. In 1907 she founded a progressive school called The School of Organic Education, .Mrs...

    , educator and reformer
  • Watt Key
    Watt Key
    Albert Watkins Key, Jr., publishing under the name Watt Key, is an award-winning southern fiction author. A resident of Alabama, his debut novel Alabama Moon was published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 2006 and was the 2007 winner of the E.B. White Read-Aloud Award for older readers. It received...

    , author of (Alabama Moon
    Alabama Moon (novel)
    Alabama Moon is a 2006 novel by Watt Key. The story follows the adventures of Alabama native Moon Blake.The novel was originally published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 2006....

    )
  • Leon Lett
    Leon Lett
    Leon Lett, Jr. , nicknamed The Big Cat, is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League who played for the Dallas Cowboys and the Denver Broncos , after playing college football at Emporia State University. Lett was a two-time Pro Bowler, with selections in 1994 and...

    , football player (Dallas Cowboys
    Dallas Cowboys
    The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football franchise which plays in the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference of the National Football League . They are headquartered in Valley Ranch in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas...

    )
  • Judith Richards, author
  • Upton Sinclair
    Upton Sinclair
    Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. , was an American author who wrote close to one hundred books in many genres. He achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic muckraking novel, The Jungle . It exposed conditions in the U.S...

     (winter visitor), author (The Jungle)
  • Dave Stapleton, former professional baseball player for the Boston Red Sox
  • Bill Varney
    Bill Varney
    Harold William Varney , better known as Bill Varney, was an American motion picture sound mixer. A two-time Academy Award winner, Varney shared the Academy Award for Best Sound for Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back in 1980 and Raiders of the Lost Ark in 1981...

     - Academy Award winning film sound editor (Raiders of the Lost Ark
    Raiders of the Lost Ark
    Raiders of the Lost Ark is a 1981 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, produced by George Lucas, and starring Harrison Ford. It is the first film in the Indiana Jones franchise...

    , The Empire Strikes Back)


Further reading

  • Dian Arnold (1999) "Fairhope: A Sentimental Review." link
  • Paul E. and Blanche R. Alyea. (1956) "Fairhope, 1894-1954: The Story of a Single Tax Colony." Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
  • Paul M. Gaston. (1984) Women of Fair Hope. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. Black Belt Press, 1993.
  • Paul M. Gaston. (1993) Man and Mission: E. B. Gaston and the Origins of the Fairhope Single Tax Colony. Montgomery, Alabama: Black Belt Press.
  • Paul M. Gaston (2010) "Coming of Age in Utopia: The Odyssey of an Idea." Montgomery and Louisville: NewSouth Books.
  • Paul M. Gaston. (2004) "My Yellow Ribbon Town: A Meditation on My Country and My Home." in Where We Stand: Voices of Southern Dissent. Montgomery, Alabama: New South Books. link
  • Paul M. Gaston. (1985) "Gaston, Ernest Berry." in "Alden Whitman, ed., "American Reformers. New York: The H.W. Wilson Co.
  • Mary Lois Timbes and Robert E. Bell. (2001) "Meet Me at the Butterfly Tree: A Fairhope Memoir." Fairhope: Over the Transom.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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