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FLEX is a communications protocol
Communications protocol

In the field of telecommunications, a communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data representation, Signalling , authentication and Error detection and correction required to send information over a communications channel....
 developed by Motorola
Motorola

Motorola, Inc. is an United States, multinational, Fortune 100, telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is a manufacturer of wireless telephone handsets, also designing and selling wireless network infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers....
 and used in many pager
Pager

A pager is a simple personal telecommunications device for short messages. A one-way numeric pager can only receive a message consisting of a few digits, typically a phone number that the user is then expected to call....
s. FLEX provides one-way communication only (from the provider to the pager device), but a related protocol called ReFLEX
ReFLEX

ReFLEX is a wireless protocol developed by Motorola which is used for two-way paging.The Motorola PageWriter released in 1996 was one of the first devices to use the ReFLEX network protocol....
 provides two-way messaging.

Transmission
Transmission (telecommunications)

In telecommunications, transmission is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired or wireless....
 of message data occurs in one of four modes: 1600/2, 3200/2, 3200/4, or 6400/4. All modes use FSK
Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave....
 modulation
Modulation

In telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a Periodic function waveform, i.e. a tone, in order to use that signal to convey a message, in a similar fashion as a musician may modulate the tone from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and Pitch ....
. At 1600/2 this is on a 2 level FSK
Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave....
 signal transmitted at 1600 bits per second.






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FLEX is a communications protocol
Communications protocol

In the field of telecommunications, a communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data representation, Signalling , authentication and Error detection and correction required to send information over a communications channel....
 developed by Motorola
Motorola

Motorola, Inc. is an United States, multinational, Fortune 100, telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is a manufacturer of wireless telephone handsets, also designing and selling wireless network infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers....
 and used in many pager
Pager

A pager is a simple personal telecommunications device for short messages. A one-way numeric pager can only receive a message consisting of a few digits, typically a phone number that the user is then expected to call....
s. FLEX provides one-way communication only (from the provider to the pager device), but a related protocol called ReFLEX
ReFLEX

ReFLEX is a wireless protocol developed by Motorola which is used for two-way paging.The Motorola PageWriter released in 1996 was one of the first devices to use the ReFLEX network protocol....
 provides two-way messaging.

Transmission
Transmission (telecommunications)

In telecommunications, transmission is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired or wireless....
 of message data occurs in one of four modes: 1600/2, 3200/2, 3200/4, or 6400/4. All modes use FSK
Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave....
 modulation
Modulation

In telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a Periodic function waveform, i.e. a tone, in order to use that signal to convey a message, in a similar fashion as a musician may modulate the tone from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and Pitch ....
. At 1600/2 this is on a 2 level FSK
Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave....
 signal transmitted at 1600 bits per second. At 3200/2, this is a 2 level FSK
Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave....
 signal transmitted at 3200 bits per second. At 3200/4, this is a 4 level FSK
Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave....
 signal transmitted at 1600 symbols per second. Each 4 level symbol represents two bits for a bit rate of 3200 bits per second. At 6400/4, this is a 4 level FSK
Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave....
 signal transmitted at 3200 symbols per second or 6400 bits per second.

Data is transmitted in a set of 128 frames that takes 4 minutes to complete. Each frame contains a sync followed by 10 data blocks. The data blocks contain 256, 512 or 1024 bit
Bit

A bit is a binary numeral system numerical digit, taking a value of either 0 or 1. Binary digits are a basic unit of information Computer data storage and transmission in digital computing and digital information theory....
s for 1600, 3200 or 6400 bits per second respectively.

A BCH
BCH code

In coding theory the BCH codes form a class of parameterised Error detection and correction which have been the subject of much academic attention in the last fifty years....
 type ECC is used to improve the integrity of the data. The standard has been designed to allow the pager's receiver to be turned off for a high percentage of the time and therefore save on battery
Battery (electricity)

In electronics, a battery or voltaic cell is a combination of one or more electrochemical cell Galvanic cells which store chemical energy that can be converted into electric potential energy, creating electricity....
 usage.

Security

Since data transmission over FLEX is unencrypted and insecure, transmitting private information over it should be done with caution. There have been reported instances of individuals actively listening to pager traffic (private investigators, news organizations, etc.).

In The Netherlands the emergency services use the Flex-protocol in the nationwide P2000 network
P2000 (network)

P2000 is a one-way communications network for pagers based on Motorola's FLEX in the Netherlands. The network is used by all emergency services and provides nationwide coverage....
 for pagers. The traffic on this network can be monitored via several websites.

See also

  • ReFLEX
    ReFLEX

    ReFLEX is a wireless protocol developed by Motorola which is used for two-way paging.The Motorola PageWriter released in 1996 was one of the first devices to use the ReFLEX network protocol....
  • Mobitex
    Mobitex

    Mobitex is an OSI model based open standard, national public access WWAN packet-switched data network. Mobitex puts great emphasis on safety and reliability with its use by military, police, firefighters and ambulance services....
  • DataTAC
    DataTAC

    DataTAC is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network. DataTAC was also marketed in the mid-1990s as MobileData by Telecom Australia, and is still used by Bell Mobility as a paging network in Canada....


External links