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Excavator

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Excavator



 
 
An excavator is an engineering vehicle
Engineering vehicle

Engineering vehicles, known by the other terms: construction equipment, earth movers, heavy equipment or just plain equipment, are machines,vehicle machines, in the most basic form, are compound machines composed of simple machines....
 consisting of an articulated arm (boom, stick), bucket and cab
Cab

The word cab has a number of meanings, most of which are abbreviations. "Cab" means Porche in German:In transport:* Cabriolet , a horse-drawn carriage...
 mounted on a pivot
Pivot

Pivot may refer to* Pivot, the fulcrum as part of a lever* Pivot joint, a kind of joint between bones in the body* Pivot turn, a dance move...
 (a rotating platform, like a Lazy Susan
Lazy Susan

Lazy Susans are rotating trays, usually circular, placed on top of a table to aid in moving food on a large table or counter tops.This term may also refer to corner cabinets on which the shelves are mounted on a vertical axle such that items may be retrieved by pushing on the shelves to turn them....
) atop an undercarriage with tracks
Caterpillar track

File:279-7.jpgContinuous tracks are large tracks used on the so-called caterpillar tanks, engineering vehicle and certain other off-road vehicles....
 or wheel
Wheel

A wheel is a circular device that is capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation whilst supporting a load , or performing labour in machines....
s. Their design is a natural progression from the steam shovel
Steam shovel

A steam shovel is a large steam engine excavating machine designed for lifting and moving material such as rock and soil. It is the earliest type of power shovel....
.

vators are used in many ways:

vators come in a wide variety of sizes.






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Encyclopedia


An excavator is an engineering vehicle
Engineering vehicle

Engineering vehicles, known by the other terms: construction equipment, earth movers, heavy equipment or just plain equipment, are machines,vehicle machines, in the most basic form, are compound machines composed of simple machines....
 consisting of an articulated arm (boom, stick), bucket and cab
Cab

The word cab has a number of meanings, most of which are abbreviations. "Cab" means Porche in German:In transport:* Cabriolet , a horse-drawn carriage...
 mounted on a pivot
Pivot

Pivot may refer to* Pivot, the fulcrum as part of a lever* Pivot joint, a kind of joint between bones in the body* Pivot turn, a dance move...
 (a rotating platform, like a Lazy Susan
Lazy Susan

Lazy Susans are rotating trays, usually circular, placed on top of a table to aid in moving food on a large table or counter tops.This term may also refer to corner cabinets on which the shelves are mounted on a vertical axle such that items may be retrieved by pushing on the shelves to turn them....
) atop an undercarriage with tracks
Caterpillar track

File:279-7.jpgContinuous tracks are large tracks used on the so-called caterpillar tanks, engineering vehicle and certain other off-road vehicles....
 or wheel
Wheel

A wheel is a circular device that is capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation whilst supporting a load , or performing labour in machines....
s. Their design is a natural progression from the steam shovel
Steam shovel

A steam shovel is a large steam engine excavating machine designed for lifting and moving material such as rock and soil. It is the earliest type of power shovel....
.

Usage

House Demolition
Excavators are used in many ways:
  • Digging of trench
    Trench

    A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground. Trenches are generally defined by being deeper than they are wide , and by being narrow compared to their length ....
    es, holes, foundations
    Foundation (architecture)

    A foundation is a structure that transfers loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations....
  • Material handling
  • Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments*Demolition
    Demolition

    Demolition is the antonym of construction: the tearing-down of buildings and other structures. It contrasts with deconstruction , which is the taking down of a building while carefully preserving valuable elements for re-use....
  • General grading/landscaping
  • Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes
  • Mining
    Mining

    Mining is the extraction of value minerals or other geology materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, vein or seam. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, Sodium chloride and potash....
    , especially, but not only open-pit mining
    Open-pit mining

    Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining, open-cut mining, and strip mining, refers to a method of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or Borrow pit....
  • River
    River

    A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. In some cases a river flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water....
     dredging
  • Driving piles
    Deep foundation

    A deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished from shallow foundations by the depth they are embedded into the ground. There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, but some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a poor soil at shallow depth, or site const...
    , in conjunction with a Pile Driver
    Pile driver

    A pile driver is a mechanical device used to drive piles into soil to provide foundation support for buildings or other structures. The term is also used in reference to members of the construction crew that work with pile-driving rigs....
  • Taking out mega laches


Configurations

Excavators come in a wide variety of sizes. The smaller ones are called a mini-excavator or compact excavator
Compact excavator

A compact hydraulic excavator or mini excavator is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tonnes....
. One manufacturer's largest model weighs 84,980 kg
Kilogram

The kilogram or kilogrammeThe spelling kilogram is used by the International Committee for Weights and Measures and the U.S....
 (187,360 lb
Pound (mass)

The pound or pound-mass is a Units of measurement of massused in the Imperial unit, United States customary units and other systems of measurement....
) and has a maximum bucket size of 4.5 m³ (5.9 yd³). The same manufacturer's smallest mini-excavator weighs 1470 kg (3240 lb), has a maximum bucket size of 0.036 m³ (0.048 yd³) and the width of its tracks can be adjusted to 89 cm (35 inches). Another company makes a mini excavator that will fit through a doorway with tracks that can be adjusted to only 70 cm (28 inches) wide.

Excavator attachments

In recent years, hydraulic excavator capabilities have expanded far beyond excavation tasks with buckets. With the advent of hydraulic powered attachments such as a breaker
Breaker (hydraulic)

A breaker is a powerful percussion hammer fitted to an excavator for demolishing concrete structures or rocks. It is powered by an auxiliary hydraulic system from the excavator, which is fitted with a foot-operated valve for this purpose....
, a grapple or an auger
Auger

An auger is a device for moving material or liquid by means of a rotating helical flighting. The material is moved along the axis of rotation....
, the excavator is frequently used in many applications other than excavation. Many excavators feature quick-attach mounting systems for simplified attachment mounting, increasing the machine's utilization on the jobsite. Excavators are usually employed together with loaders
Loader (equipment)

A loader is an engineering vehicle that is primarily used to "load" material into or onto another type of machinery ....
 and bulldozers. Most wheeled versions, and smaller, compact excavator
Compact excavator

A compact hydraulic excavator or mini excavator is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tonnes....
s have a small backfill (or dozer-) blade. This is a horizontal bulldozer-like blade attached to the undercarriage and is used for pushing removed material back into a hole. Prior to the 1990s, all excavators had a hang over, or "conventional" counterweight that hung off the rear of the machine to provide more digging force and lifting capacity. This became a nuisance in tight turn areas - the machine could not swing the second half of its cycle due to restricted turn radius. In the early 1990s The Komatsu Engineering Company launched a new concept excavator line that did away with the "conventional" counterweight design, and so started building the world's first tight tail swing excavators (PC128.PC138,PC228,PC308). These machines are now widely used though out the world.

Terminology

Excavators are also called diggers and 360-degree excavators, sometimes abbreviated simply to a 360. Tracked excavators are sometimes called trackhoes by analogy to the backhoe
Backhoe

A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm....
. Even though the 'back' in backhoe refers to the action of the bucket (which pulls "back" toward the machine) and not the location of the shovel, excavators are also occasionally referred to as fronthoes or even just "hoes".

In the UK, wheeled excavators are sometimes known as 'Rubber ducks'.

In Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
, the alias is a more popular name for excavators. In 1954 after the patent right was obtained from Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
, the French company SICAM produced an excavator model Yumbo S25 . SICAM licensed this technology to many companies, such as Drott in United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, Priestman in UK
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, and Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

, or MHI, is a Japanese company. It is one of the core companies of Mitsubishi Group....
 in Japan and other countries in the early 1960s. The first excavator from Mitsubishi using this technology was named Yumbo Y35 which was aimed for the international market in 1961. Since then, Yumbo has become the popular name and de facto standard
De facto standard

A de facto standard is a custom, convention, product, or system that has achieved a dominant position by public acceptance or market forces . De facto is a Latin phrase meaning "concerning the fact" or "in practice", and is used in opposition to de jure ....
 in Japan because of its use in Classified ads
Classified advertising

Classified advertising is a form of advertising which is particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals, e.g. free ads papers or Pennysavers....
 even though this is not the formal name there.

Education

The National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools
National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools

The National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools founded 2005, is an association of heavy equipment operator training schools in the United States....
 (NAHETS), established 2002, uses excavator training schools and curriculum as a method to test and train users in the ability of excavator use.

The excavating technology of Mars rover
Mars Rover

A Mars rover is a spacecraft which propels itself across the surface of Mars after Mars landing .Rover have several advantages over stationary Lander : they examine more territory, they can be directed to interesting features, they can place themselves in sunny positions to weather winter months and they can advance the knowledge of how...
s

The Phoenix spacecraft
Phoenix (spacecraft)

Phoenix was a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission on Mars under the Mars Scout Program. The Phoenix lander descended on Mars on May 25, 2008....
 has a robotic excavating arm, controlled by an on-board computer system and/or by the terrestrial command center, equipped with a bucket, drill, special sensors and camera. Because of the extreme climatic conditions of Mars
MARS

In cryptography, MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process. MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after the AES2 conference in March 1999, where it was voted as the fifth and last finalist algorithm....
 there were several malfunctioning problems with Phoenix's "excavator".

Gallery


Major manufacturers

  • Abelco
  • Ammann-Yanmar:
  • Bobcat Company
  • Case CE
    Case CE

    Case CE, also Case Construction Equipment or simply Case, is a brand of construction equipment from CNH Global. Under this brand name, CNH Global is the third biggest manufacturer of construction equipment behind Caterpillar_Inc....
  • Caterpillar Inc.
    Caterpillar Inc.

    Caterpillar Inc. is a United States-based corporation headquartered in Peoria, Illinois. Caterpillar is, according to their corporate website, "the world's largest manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, and industrial gas turbines."...
  • CNH Global
    CNH Global

    CNH Global N.V. is the second largest manufacturer of agricultural equipment and the third largest maker of construction equipment in the world....
  • Doosan Infracore (formerly Daewoo
    Daewoo

    Daewoo was a major South Korean chaebol . It was founded on 22 March 1967 as Daewoo Industrial and was dismantled by the Korean government in 1999....
     Heavy Industries & Machinery)
  • Hanix Europe :
  • Hidromek
  • Hitachi Construction Machinery :
  • Hydrema
    Hydrema

    Hydrema is a dump truck manufacturer based in Stovring, Denmark, founded in 1959. They have specialized in the manufacture of articulated light dump trucks and earth moving equipment....
  • Hyundai Heavy Industries
    Hyundai Heavy Industries

    Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. is the world's largest shipbuilder company, headquartered in Ulsan, South Korea. The company is a subsidiary of Hyundai Heavy Industries Group....
  • John Deere
    John Deere

    John Deere was an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company— the largest agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the world....
  • JCB
    J. C. Bamford

    JCB, or J.C.Bamford Excavators Limited. as it is more properly known, is a family business named after its founder J. C. Bamford , producing distinctive yellow-and-black engineering vehicles, diggers , excavators, tractors, and diesel engines....
  • Kobelco Construction Machinery
  • Komatsu
  • Krupp (now ThyssenKrupp) of Germany
  • Kubota
    Kubota

    , is a tractor and heavy equipment manufacturer based in Osaka, Japan. The company was established in 1890.The company produces many products including:...
  • Link-Belt:
  • Liebherr
  • Manitowoc Cranes
    Manitowoc Cranes

    Manitowoc Cranes is a division of The Manitowoc Company. Manitowoc Cranes produces four brands of crane s and has two service brands, Manitowoc Crane Care and Manitowoc Finance....
  • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
    Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

    , or MHI, is a Japanese company. It is one of the core companies of Mitsubishi Group....
  • Mustang Manufacturing:
  • New Holland
    New Holland

    New Holland may refer to:...
  • O&K
  • Poclain
    Poclain

    Poclain is a family company founded by Georges Bataille in France in the 1930s, then developed by his sons Pierre and Claude Bataille, with help from Jacques and Bernard Bataille....
  • ST Kinetics
  • Terex Corporation
  • Volvo Construction Equipment
    Volvo Construction Equipment

    Volvo Construction Equipment is a subsidiary and business area of Volvo. Volvo Construction Equipment develops, manufactures and markets equipment for the construction and related industries....


See also


Types of excavator


  • Compact excavator
    Compact excavator

    A compact hydraulic excavator or mini excavator is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tonnes....
  • Dragline excavator
    Dragline excavator

    Dragline excavation systems are heavy equipment used in civil engineering and surface mining. In civil engineering the smaller types are used for road construction and port construction....
  • Long reach excavator
    Long reach excavator

    The long reach excavator or high reach excavator is a development of the excavator with an especially long boom arm, that is primarily used for demolition....
  • Steam shovel
    Steam shovel

    A steam shovel is a large steam engine excavating machine designed for lifting and moving material such as rock and soil. It is the earliest type of power shovel....
  • Power shovel
  • Suction excavator


Other

  • Bulldozer
    Bulldozer

    ----A bulldozer is a Tractor crawler , equipped with a substantial metal plate , used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc, during construction work....
  • Civil Engineering
    Civil engineering

    Civil engineering is a Professional Engineer discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings....
  • Engineering Vehicles
  • National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools
    National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools

    The National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools founded 2005, is an association of heavy equipment operator training schools in the United States....
     – US educational organisation
  • Mining Simulation
    Mining Simulation

    A mining simulator is a system used to replicate elements of mining operations, for training or efficiency analysis. Mining simulation application can range from pure statistical analysis, to scale models, all the way to replica cabins of mining machinery mounted on pneumatic actuators surrounded by screens displaying 3D computer graphics ima...
phuddi excavator

Reference and foot notes



External links

  • Main types of excavators explained.
  • – from the official Caterpillar website
  • NIOSH Publication: