Ernest Thompson Seton
Encyclopedia
Ernest Thompson Seton was a Scots-Canadian
Scottish Canadian
Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and among the first to settle in Canada, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times...

 (and naturalized U.S. citizen) who became a noted author, wildlife artist, founder of the Woodcraft Indians
Woodcraft Indians
The League of Woodcraft Indians was an American youth program, established by Ernest Thompson Seton. Despite the name, it was developed for non-Indian boys. It was later renamed the "Woodcraft League of America", and would also allow girls to join...

, and one of the founding pioneers of the Boy Scouts of America
Boy Scouts of America
The Boy Scouts of America is one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with over 4.5 million youth members in its age-related divisions...

 (BSA). Seton also influenced Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting
Scouting
Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, that they may play constructive roles in society....

. His notable books related to Scouting include The Birch Bark Roll and The Boy Scout Handbook
Boy Scout Handbook
The Boy Scout Handbook is the official handbook of the Boy Scouts of America. It is a descendant of Baden-Powell's original handbook, Scouting for Boys, which has been the basis for Scout handbooks in many countries, with some variations to the text of the book depending on each country's codes and...

. He is responsible for the strong influence of American Indian
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...

 culture in the BSA.

Early life

Born Ernest Evan Thompson in South Shields
South Shields
South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, located at the mouth of the River Tyne to Tyne Dock, and about downstream from Newcastle upon Tyne...

, County Durham
County Durham
County Durham is a ceremonial county and unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county is the town of Darlington...

 (now part of South Tyneside
South Tyneside
South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England.It is bordered by four other boroughs - Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead to the west, Sunderland in the south, and North Tyneside to the north. The border county of Northumberland lies further north...

, Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in north east England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972...

), England of Scottish parents, Seton's family migrated to Canada in 1866. Most of his childhood was spent in Toronto
Toronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...

. As a youth, he retreated to the woods to draw and study animals as a way of avoiding his abusive father. He won a scholarship in art to the Royal Academy
Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...

 in London, England.

He later rejected his father and changed his name to Ernest Thompson Seton. He believed that Seton had been an important name in his paternal line. He developed a fascination with wolves while working as a naturalist for Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...

. He became successful as a writer, artist and naturalist, and moved to New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

 to further his career. Seton later lived at Wyndygoul, an estate that he built in Cos Cob
Cos Cob, Connecticut
Cos Cob is a neighborhood and census-designated place in the town of Greenwich, Connecticut. It is located at 41.033 north, 73.6 west, on the Connecticut shoreline in southern Fairfield County. It had a population of 6,770 at the 2010 census....

, a section of Greenwich
Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 61,171. It is home to many hedge funds and other financial service companies. Greenwich is the southernmost and westernmost municipality in Connecticut and is 38+ minutes ...

, Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...

. After experiencing vandalism by the local youth, Seton invited them to his estate for a weekend where he told stories of the American Indians
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...

 and of nature.

He formed the Woodcraft Indians
Woodcraft Indians
The League of Woodcraft Indians was an American youth program, established by Ernest Thompson Seton. Despite the name, it was developed for non-Indian boys. It was later renamed the "Woodcraft League of America", and would also allow girls to join...

 in 1902 and invited the local youth to join. The stories became a series of articles written for the Ladies Home Journal and were eventually collected in the The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians in 1906.

Scouting

Seton met Scouting
Scouting
Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, that they may play constructive roles in society....

's founder, Lord Baden-Powell, in 1906. Baden-Powell had read Seton's book, The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians, and was greatly intrigued by it. The pair met and shared ideas.
Baden-Powell went on to found the Scouting movement worldwide, and Seton became vital in the foundation of the Boy Scouts of America
Boy Scouts of America
The Boy Scouts of America is one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with over 4.5 million youth members in its age-related divisions...

 (BSA) and was its first Chief Scout. His Woodcraft Indians (a youth organization), combined with the early attempts at Scouting from the YMCA
YMCA
The Young Men's Christian Association is a worldwide organization of more than 45 million members from 125 national federations affiliated through the World Alliance of YMCAs...

 and other organizations, and Daniel Carter Beard
Daniel Carter Beard
Daniel Carter "Uncle Dan" Beard was an American illustrator, author, youth leader, and social reformer who founded the Sons of Daniel Boone in 1905, which Beard later merged with the Boy Scouts of America .-Early life:...

's Sons of Daniel Boone
Sons of Daniel Boone
The Sons of Daniel Boone was a youth program developed by Daniel Carter Beard in 1905 based on the American Frontiersman. When Dan Beard joined the Boy Scouts of America in 1910 as one of their National Scout Commissioners, he merged his group into the fledgling BSA.Boys were organized into "Forts"...

, to form the BSA. The work of Seton and Beard is in large part the basis of the Traditional Scouting
Traditional Scouting
The Traditional Scouting movement refers to a back to basics effort that returns Scouting to a scheme intentionally based on Baden-Powell's own model of Scouting; rejecting the world-wide trend to "modernize" Scouting in order to appeal to more youths. This movement is very popular in Canada and...

 movement.

Seton was Chief Scout of the BSA from 1910–1915 and his work is in large part responsible for the American Indian influences within the BSA. However, he had significant personality and philosophical clashes with Beard and James E. West
James E. West (Scouting)
Dr. James E. West was a lawyer and an advocate of children's rights, who became the first professional Chief Scout Executive of the Boy Scouts of America , serving from 1911–1943. Upon his retirement from the BSA, West was given the title of Chief Scout.-Personal life:His father died around the...

.

In addition to disputes about the content of and Seton's contributions to the Boy Scout Handbook, conflicts also arose about the suffrage activities of his wife, Grace, and his British citizenship. The citizenship issue arose partly because of his high position within BSA, and the federal charter West was attempting to obtain for the BSA required its board members to be United States citizens. Seton drafted his written resignation on January 29, 1915, but he did not send it to BSA until May.

Personal life

Seton married twice. His first marriage was to Grace Gallatin in 1896. Their only daughter, Ann, was born in 1904 and died in 1990. Ann, who later changed her first name, became a best-selling author of historical and biographical novels as Anya Seton
Anya Seton
Anya Seton was the pen name of Ann Seton, an American author of historical romances.-Biography:...

. According to Ann's introduction to the novel Green Darkness
Green Darkness
Green Darkness is the 1972 novel by Anya Seton.-Plot summary:In the 1960s, young Celia Marsdon is a rich American heiress who, upon her marriage to English aristocrat Richard Marsdon, goes to live at an ancestral manor in Sussex, England. Shortly afterward, strange things begin to occur —...

, Grace was a practicing Theosophist
Theosophy
Theosophy, in its modern presentation, is a spiritual philosophy developed since the late 19th century. Its major themes were originally described mainly by Helena Blavatsky , co-founder of the Theosophical Society...

. Ernest and Grace divorced in 1935, and Ernest soon married Julia M. Buttree. Julia would write works by herself and with Ernest. They did not have any biological children, but did adopt an infant daughter, Beulah (Dee) Seton (later Dee Seton Barber), in 1938. Dee Seton Barber died in 2006.

Writing and later life

Seton was an early pioneer of the modern school of animal fiction writing, his most popular work being Wild Animals I Have Known
Wild Animals I Have Known
Wild Animals I Have Known is an 1898 book by naturalist and author Ernest Thompson Seton. The first entry in a new genre of realistic wild-animal fiction, Seton's first collection of short stories quickly became one of the most popular books of its day...

(1898), which contains the story of his killing of the wolf Lobo. He later became involved in a literary debate known as the nature fakers controversy
Nature fakers controversy
The nature fakers controversy was an early 20th-century American literary debate highlighting the conflict between science and sentiment in popular nature writing...

, after John Burroughs
John Burroughs
John Burroughs was an American naturalist and essayist important in the evolution of the U.S. conservation movement. According to biographers at the American Memory project at the Library of Congress,...

 published an article in 1903 in the Atlantic Monthly attacking writers of sentimental animal stories. The controversy lasted for four years and included important American environmental and political figures of the day, including President Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States . He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity...

.

In 1907, Seton and the naturalist Edward Alexander Preble
Edward Alexander Preble
Edward Alexander Preble was an American naturalist and conservationist. He is noted for work in studying birds and mammals of the Pacific Northwest...

 verified a claim from ten years earlier by the frontiersman Charles "Buffalo" Jones
Charles "Buffalo" Jones
Charles Jesse Jones, known as Buffalo Jones , was an American frontiersman, farmer, rancher, hunter, and conservationist who cofounded Garden City, Kansas...

 that Jones and his hunting party of musk oxen had shot and fended off a hungry wolf pack near the Great Slave Lake
Great Slave Lake
Great Slave Lake is the second-largest lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada , the deepest lake in North America at , and the ninth-largest lake in the world. It is long and wide. It covers an area of in the southern part of the territory. Its given volume ranges from to and up to ...

 in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

. Seton and Preble discovered the remains of the animals near Jones's long abandoned cabin.

For his work, Lives of Game Animals, Volume 4, Seton was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal
Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal
The Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for meritorious work in zoology or paleontology published in a three- to five-year period." Named after Daniel Giraud Elliot, it was first awarded in 1917....

 from the National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...

 in 1928 . In 1931, he became a United States citizen. Seton was associated with the Santa Fe arts and literary community during the mid 1930s and early 1940s, which comprised a group of artists and authors including author and artist Alfred Morang, sculptor and potter Clem Hull, painter Georgia O'Keeffe
Georgia O'Keeffe
Georgia Totto O'Keeffe was an American artist.Born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, O'Keeffe first came to the attention of the New York art community in 1916, several decades before women had gained access to art training in America’s colleges and universities, and before any of its women artists...

, painter Randall Davey, painter Raymond Jonson
Raymond Jonson
Raymond Jonson was an American-born Modernist painter known for his paintings of the American Southwest.- Biography :Raymond Jonson was born in Chariton, Iowa in 1891, but grew up in Portland, Oregon. At twenty, Jonson attended the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. Later, he continued the...

, leader of the Transcendental Painters Group, and artist Eliseo Rodriguez.

He died in Seton Village
Seton Village, New Mexico
Seton Village was an unincorporated community in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It grew around the 32-room "castle" built by artist, author, and naturalist Ernest Thompson Seton located a few miles southeast of Santa Fe....

 in northern New Mexico at the age of eighty-six. Seton was cremated in Albuquerque
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Albuquerque is the largest city in the state of New Mexico, United States. It is the county seat of Bernalillo County and is situated in the central part of the state, straddling the Rio Grande. The city population was 545,852 as of the 2010 Census and ranks as the 32nd-largest city in the U.S. As...

. In 1960, in honor of his 100th birthday and the 350th anniversary of Santa Fe, his daughter Dee and his grandson, Seton Cottier (son of Anya), scattered the ashes over Seton Village from an airplane.

Legacy

The Philmont Scout Ranch
Philmont Scout Ranch
Philmont Scout Ranch is a large, rugged, mountainous ranch located near the town of Cimarron, New Mexico, covering approximately of wilderness in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of the Rocky Mountains of northern New Mexico...

 houses the Seton Memorial Library and Museum. Seton Castle in Santa Fe, built by Seton as his last residence, housed many of his other items. Seton Castle burned down in 2005; fortunately all the artwork, manuscripts, books, etc., had been removed to storage before renovation was to have begun.

The Academy for the Love of Learning, an educational organization in Santa Fe, acquired Seton Castle and its contents in 2003. The new Academy Center, opening in 2010, will include a gallery and archives featuring artwork and other materials as part of its Seton Legacy Project. The Seton Legacy Project has organized a major exhibition on Seton opening at the New Mexico History Museum on May 23, 2010, the catalog published as Ernest Thompson Seton: The Life and Legacy of an Artist and Conservationist by David L. Witt.

Several of Seton's works are written from the perspective of a predator and were an influence upon Robert T. Bakker
Robert T. Bakker
Robert T. Bakker is an American paleontologist who helped reshape modern theories about dinosaurs, particularly by adding support to the theory that some dinosaurs were endothermic...

's Raptor Red
Raptor Red
Raptor Red is a 1995 American novel by paleontologist Robert T. Bakker. The book is a third-person account of dinosaurs during the Cretaceous Period, told from the point of view of Raptor Red, a female Utahraptor...

.

Seton is honoured in Canada with the E.T. Seton Park in Toronto
Toronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...

. Obtained in the early 1960s as the site of future Metro Toronto Zoo, the land was later used to establish parkland and home to the Ontario Science Centre
Ontario Science Centre
Ontario Science Centre is a science museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, near the Don Valley Parkway about northeast of downtown on Don Mills Road just south of Eglinton Avenue East...

.

Works

  • Mammals Of Manitoba (1886)
  • Birds of Manitoba, Foster (1891)
  • How to Catch Wolves (1894)
  • Studies in the Art Anatomy of Animals (1896)
  • Wild Animals I Have Known (1898)
  • The Trail of The Sandhill Stag (1899)
  • The Wild Animal Play For Children (Musical) (1900)
  • The Biography of A Grizzly (1900)
  • Lives of the Hunted (1901)
  • Twelve Pictures of Wild Animals (1901)
  • Krag and Johnny Bear (1902)
  • How to Play Indian (1903)
  • Two Little Savages (1903)
  • How to Make A Real Indian Teepee (1903)
  • How Boys Can Form A Band of Indians (1903)
  • The Red Book (1904)
  • Monarch, The Big Bear of Tallac (1904)
  • Woodmyth and Fable, Century (1905)
  • Animal Heroes (1905)
  • The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians (1906)
  • The Natural History of the Ten Commandments (1907)
  • Fauna of Manitoba, British Assoc. Handbook (1909)
  • Biography of A Silver Fox (1909)
  • Life-Histories of Northern Animals (2 volumes) (1909)
  • Boy Scouts of America: Official Handbook, with General Sir Baden-Powell (1910)
  • The Forester's Manual (1910)
  • The Arctic Prairies (1911)
  • Rolf In The Woods (1911)
  • The Book of Woodcraft and Indian Lore (1912)
  • The Red Lodge (1912)
  • Wild Animals At Home (1913)
  • The Slum Cat (1915)
  • Legend of the White Reindeer (1915)
  • The Manual of the Woodcraft Indians (1915)
  • Wild Animal Ways (1916)
  • Woodcraft Manual for Girls (1916)
  • The Preacher of Cedar Mountain (1917)
  • Woodcraft Manual for Boys; the Sixteenth Birch Bark Roll (1917)
  • The Woodcraft Manual for Boys; the Seventeenth Birch Bark Roll (1918)
  • The Woodcraft Manual for Girls; the Eighteenth Birch Bark Roll (1918)
  • Sign Talk of the Indians (1918)
  • The Laws and Honors of the Little Lodge of Woodcraft (1919)
  • The Brownie Wigwam; The Rules of the Brownies (1921)
  • The Buffalo Wind (1921)
  • Woodland Tales (1921)
  • The Book of Woodcraft (1921)
  • The Book of Woodcraft and Indian Lore (1922)
  • Bannertail: The Story of A Gray Squirrel (1922)
  • Manual of the Brownies; Manual of the Brownies 6th edition (1922)
  • The Ten Commandments in the Animal World (1923)
  • Animals (1926)
  • Animals Worth Knowing (1928)
  • Lives of Game Animals (4 volumes) (1925–1928)
  • Blazes on The Trail (1928)
  • Krag, The Kootenay Ram and Other Stories (1929)
  • Billy the Dog That Made Good (1930)
  • Cute Coyote and Other Stories (1930)
  • Lobo, Bingo, The Pacing Mustang (1930)
  • Famous Animal Stories (1932)
  • Animals Worth Knowing (1934)
  • Johnny Bear, Lobo and Other Stories (1935)
  • The Gospel of the Redman, with Julia Seton (1936)
  • Biography of An Arctic Fox (1937)
  • Great Historic Animals (1937)
  • Mainly About Wolves (1937)
  • Pictographs of the Old Southwest (1937)
  • Buffalo Wind (1938)
  • Trail and Camp-Fire Stories (1940)
  • Trail of an Artist-Naturalist: The Autobiography of Ernest Thompson Seton (1940)
  • Santanna, The Hero Dog of France (1945)
  • The Best of Ernest Thompson Seton (1949)
  • Ernest Thompson Seton's America (1954)
  • Animal Tracks and Hunter Signs (1958)
  • The Worlds of Ernest Thompson Seton (1976)

See also

  • Kibbo Kift
    Kibbo Kift
    The Kindred of the Kibbo Kift was a youth organisation in England from 1920 to 1951.-Origins:The organisation was founded by the charismatic Englishman John Hargrave , artist, author and Boy Scout Commissioner for Woodcraft and Camping, who had become disenchanted with the increasingly militaristic...

  • Lobo the King of Currumpaw
    Lobo the King of Currumpaw
    "Lobo the King of Currumpaw" is the first story of author Ernest Thompson Seton's 1898 book Wild Animals I Have Known. Seton based the book on his experience hunting wolves in the Southwestern United States.-Summary:...

  • Philmont Scout Ranch
    Philmont Scout Ranch
    Philmont Scout Ranch is a large, rugged, mountainous ranch located near the town of Cimarron, New Mexico, covering approximately of wilderness in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of the Rocky Mountains of northern New Mexico...

  • Roving Outdoor Conservation School
    Roving Outdoor Conservation School
    The Roving Outdoor Conservation School is a twenty-one day special trek program at Philmont Scout Ranch in Cimarron, New Mexico. The program is open to participants who are between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one. R.O.C.S...

    s (RO/CS)
  • Scouting memorials
    Scouting memorials
    Throughout the world there are many Scouting memorials, monuments and gravesites.-Kenya:*Baden-Powell grave – Wajee Nature Park, Nyeri, Kenya, near Mount Kenya...

  • Seton's Wild Animals
    Seton's Wild Animals
    is a manga series by Sanpei Shirato published in two parts: three volumes published by Shogakukan from 1961 to 1962, and two volumes published by Seirindō in 1964 under the title...

    , a Japanese manga
    Manga
    Manga is the Japanese word for "comics" and consists of comics and print cartoons . In the West, the term "manga" has been appropriated to refer specifically to comics created in Japan, or by Japanese authors, in the Japanese language and conforming to the style developed in Japan in the late 19th...

     adaptation of some of Seton's works by Sanpei Shirato
    Sanpei Shirato
    , known by the pen name , is a Japanese manga artist and essayist known for his social criticism as well as his realistic drawing style and the characters in his scenarios. He is considered a pioneer of gekiga. The son of the Japanese proletarian painter Toki Okamoto, his dream to become an artist...


External links

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