Ergani
Encyclopedia
Ergani, formerly known as Arghni or Arghana, is a district of Diyarbakır Province
Diyarbakir Province
Diyarbakır Province is a province in eastern Turkey. The province covers an area of 15,355 km² and the population is 1,528,958. The provincial capital is Diyarbakir...

 of Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...

. The mayor is Fesih Yalçın (BDP
Peace and Democracy Party
The Peace and Democracy Party ) is a political party in the Republic of Turkey. It succeeded the Democratic Society Party following the closure of the latter party for its alleged connections with the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organization by the EU.The BDP has observer status in the...

).

Çayönü

Near the village of Sesverenpınar, among the Hilar rocks Çayönü
Çayönü
Çayönü is a Neolithic settlement in southern Turkey inhabited around 7200 to 6600 BC. It is located forty kilometres north-west of Diyarbakır, at the foot of the Taurus mountains...

 hill was first settled in c. 7500 BC, and was continuously inhabited until 5000 BC (but only occasionally since then). Remains have been found from the earlier habitation, one of the most important archaeological finds of its era.
We can see evidence of an early city from the Neolithic
Neolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...

 period, when nomadic hunter-gatherers began to settle in one place. Excavation of Çayönü, one of the largest and best-preserved sites of its kind was begun in 1963 by Istanbul University
Istanbul University
Istanbul University is a Turkish university located in Istanbul. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square.- Synopsis :A madrasa, a religious school, was established sometime in the 15th century after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. An institution of higher education named the...

 and the University of Chicago
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...

 and continues today.

History

Trade has flourished between Ergani and Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the...

 during the third millennium BC. Ergani mines used to ship copper to the early settlements at Uruk
Uruk
Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk...

 of southern Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....

. The Euphrates
Euphrates
The Euphrates is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia...

 river connected Ergani and Uruk
Uruk
Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk...

. Vessels of the day could easily float several tons of copper downstream to Uruk
Uruk
Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk...

 in a few weeks, the transport of hundred of tons of grain back to Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...

 was challenging.
Later Mesopotamian civilizations took advantage of the more favorably placed Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers...

mineral resources.

District's area is 1489 km. Ergani District is located in the administrative as the Southeastern Anatolia Region, but as a geographical region are located in the Eastern Anatolia. Connected to the north of Elazig Province Mining District, east of the Tigris in the town of Diyarbakir province, and is connected to Diyarbakir, the south is connected to the Siverek town of Urfa, Diyarbakir connected to the west is the border with Çermik and Cungus district. Height is 955 meters from the sea. The main flow of the Tigris river water, tea Straits, Camel is a gateway. district 10 km north of the river passes through the districts of the Tigris River. Kalender and 17th districts of the territory After flowing through the Tigris enters km of land. 7 km west of the Bosphorus strait Ergani tea is off the neighborhood. yolköprü, Beaded, splayed hill villages and camel through the gateway into and form a branch of the Tigris Ergani quite productive resources of the environment has. 5–6 m depth in the center of the county out of the water, such as 50-meter drilling work is found in very rich beds. Ergani's largest copper and chromium mines in front are nearby.

History

19 In the middle of the century Ergani sancak center, so important copper mining operation has been moved to the mining town. 19. century by a managing director and 11 were kaymakam mutasarrıf 3. District is a very old settlement with the East Anatolian culture has plasticity. However, until this day the ruins of a tower could come. Ergani fortress, Ergani near Mount kolat a debris slope in a state of the bulunur.Bugün. Whose side are made of the castle to a recording of rastlanmamıştır. Castle in detail in Evliya Çelebi's travel has been taken up. 19th as the Ottoman period structure century mansion outside the Ergani 3 mosques in the municipality, 10 mosques, 3 Armenian churches, 1 Protestant chapel, 3 Khan, 3 baths, fountains were 30. This structure was built in 1891 and the host government. Tourism can be restored to the old government house can win.

Transportation

Diyarbakir-Elazig road 58th kilometers east longitude and 39 50 in the county seat is in latitude 37 32 north. From the south of Haydarpasa-Kurtalan Railway District, Diyarbakir-Elazig road the passes through the center of the county.

Dicle, Çermik and District of Cungus with provincial and district road or other by railway transport is possible only through Ergani. This situation increases the strategic importance of Ergani. Ergani's fate: islam transfer depends on the fate of the remains of Diyarbakir. 1. After the 1514 victory of selim Ergani çaldıran Mehmet pasha of the delaletiyleBıyıklı administration are lousy: Diyarbakir region in Diyarbakir province were connected to make a flag. 18. century and the beginning of the receipt of wine is prohibited to sell the evil in the Ergani accident every two to three loads of wine sold on Saturday were Diyarbakir. Diyarbakir governor Ismail Hakki pasha wolf is made of the macadam macadam Harput Zülkifil's Mountain and the beginning of the Hoşat plains, Ergani population between the years 1874-1914 of the unclassified road to the village of Bagür to pass on the old town has led to remain uninhabited.

Ethnic Structure

Ethnic Structure of the Ergani consists of a large section Kürt'lerden. Kurdish (Kurmancî and Zazaki (Dimilî)), and Turkish is spoken. Approximately 80% of the population of Kurdish Kurmancî, 15% Zazaki (Dimilî) dialect is spoken. Is 5% speak Turkish.

Education

Rducation for the region on average an image sergiler.İlçede (Rural schools also are included) 107 Elementary School, two of the Anatolian High School, one of the Anatolian Teacher High School in 10 high schools, 6 Special Education Authority and connected to the Dicle University Vocational School are available.

The findings of the 6250 years before Christ by .7500, and the region's first arsına its being used by people to put BC in front of the Tea Until 2000 that contains the Stone Age and Bronze era has experienced three stages of culture. Çayönü, near the east and the most wide-open as the front was a protected place Neollitik. Tea-known structure of the pre-SKULL BUILDING (skull is building.) (Polish traveler is an old temple called Simcon talking about here is miraculous). Southeastern Anatolia Region Ergani right on the banks of the Tigris river 10 km away and at a height of 1525 m of semi-extinct volcanic mountains, a deep gully in zülkifil (deresi Hoşat) was established on the slopes of the Southeast. An altitude of 955 m is the Diyarbakir-Elazig road 58th The most important district of Diyarbakir merkezlerinden'dir km. 39.50 east longitude and 37-32 north of the mining district of Elazığ enlemindedir.kuzey and north-west, south of Sanliurfa Siverek District, east of the Tigris and Diyarbakir, in the west and Cungus district has Çermik. Extension of the Taurus mountains of southeast Anatolia, which is the southern segment of the Ergani kuzeyin'de's. By creating the first dügümü the mountains to the north east during zülkifil stretches. Mountain gummy second node, third node is a feast. 7 km north of the father in the hills sword. a very rural county's western portion have been on the mound, and the fold has occurred. East sector has a long plateau covered. county's largest Ergani Lowland or plains of Gevran is called.
Ergani district, throughout history, many names have Akanya Some, Men's, Erkanikana, Yanar, Zülkerneyn, Arsenia, Urhana and Aşot'tur a very old place, which works wermeni Ergani in the name of Argi, nail Arsinia written sources, in Peutinger Tablet Arsenia would pass.

Osmaniye name given to the Ottoman era Ergani the old district of Adana Osmaniye province today is mixed with the post was changed to Ergani.

External links


Literature

  • "A Splendid Exchange" by William J Bernstein
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