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Enric Miralles
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Enric Miralles Moya (1955 – July 3 2000) was a Spanish Catalan architect.
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Enric Miralles Moya (1955 – July 3 2000) was a Spanish Catalan architect. He graduated from the School of Architecture of Barcelona (ETSAB) at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in 1978. After establishing his reputation with a number of collaborations with his first wife Carme Pinós, the couple separated in 1991. He later married fellow architect Benedetta Tagliabue, and the two practiced together as EMBT Architects. Miralles' largest work, the new Scottish Parliament Building, was unfinished at the time of his death.
Life
In 1978 he completed his examinations at the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura (ETSAB) in Barcelona. From 1973 to 1978 he worked in the architect's office of Albert Viaplana and Helio Piñón and whilst there — among other things — he was involved in the construction of the Plaça dels Països Catalans, the forecourt for the Estació de Sants. In 1984 after several architectural competition wins, he formed his own office in Barcelona with his first wife Carme Pinós, which they led together until 1991. Within the rising Spanish architecture scene of the late 1980s following the death of Francisco Franco, their unusual buildings attracted international attention. As a result, they received numerous commissions from Spain and overseas. After their separation, Miralles and Pinós continued to work in separate offices. In 1993 Enric Miralles formed a new practice with his second wife, the Italian architect Benedetta Tagliabue, under the name "EMBT Architects". She resumed the practice under his name after his death. The most important projects; the Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh and the multistoried building for the Spanish gas company Gas Natural in Barcelona, were only finished after his death . Enric Miralles died at the age of 45 as the result of a brain tumor.
Architecture
The independent architectural language of Enric Miralles can be difficult to classify in terms of contemporary architecture. It is influenced by Spanish architects, such as Alejandro de la Sota, José Antonio Coderch and Josep Maria Jujol, and also from international greats such as Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn and Alvar Aalto and the Russian Constructivist movement of the early 20th century. The freely formed buildings utilising massive building materials and steel, develop from their relationship with the environment and connect themselves to it. The form is constructed using often unusual materials which are generally left with natural surfaces. Form and material interpret the place, traditions and history in a personal and poetic art, as his critics attest. From the starting point of the townscape or landscape he would design a building in its totality, down to the details of the furnishing and the exterior installations. Therefore the execution of the details was just as important to the communication of meaning as the main form. Both were developed over a large number of designs and with numerous models as the main tool of the design process.
Academia
Enric Miralles was an active teacher at numerous universities. In 1985 he became a professor at the ETSAB in Barcelona. During 1990 he took over the conceptional design chair at the Städelschule in Frankfurt am Main. In 1993 he received an invitation from Harvard University to occupy the Kenzo Tange chair. He taught as a guest lecturer at Columbia University in New York, Princeton University in New Jersey, the Architectural Association in London, the Berlage Instituut in Rotterdam, the Mackintosh School of Architecture in Glasgow and the Universities of Buenos Aires and Mexico City.
Work
Buildings
In Partnership with Carme Pinós
- 1984 to 1986 La Llauna School, Badalona, Barcelona (province)
- 1985 Canopy for the Plaça Major, Parets del Vallès
- 1985 to 1994 Igualada Cemetery, Igualada, Barcelona (province). 41º35'31"N 1º38'14"E
- 1986 to 1992 Hostalets de Balenyà Civic Centre, Barcelona
- 1986 to 1993 Boarding school in Morella, Castelló (province)
- 1987 to 1993 La Mina Civic Centre, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona
- 1988 to 1992 House, Bellaterra, Barcelona
- 1989/91 Olympic archery range for the 1992 Summer Olympics, Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona. 41º25'31.53"N 02º08'41.51"E
- 1988 to 1992 Sportcentre in Huesca, Huesca (province)
- 1990/91 Centre for rhythmic gymnastics, Alicante, Alicante (province)
- 1990 to 1992 Pergola for the Passeig Nova Icària, Olympic village, Barcelona
In Partnership with Benedetta Tagliabue
- 1995 House conversion in Barcelona
- 1996 to 2000 Six houses, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 1997 to 2000 Park Diagonal Mar, Barcelona
- 1997 to 2000 Utrecht town hall extension, Netherlands
- 1997 to 2001 Library in Palafolls, Barcelona
- 1997 to 2001 Market hall conversion, Santa Caterina, Barcelona
- 1998 to 2000 Extension of the national youth school of music Hamburg
- 1998 to 2002 Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh, Scotland. 55º57'7"N 03º10'29"W
- 1999 Maretas Museum, Lanzarote
- 1999 to 2001 Park Santa Rosa, Mollet del Vallés, Barcelona (province)
- 1999 to 2006 Torre Mare Nostrum, Head office of Gas Natural, Barcelona
- 2002 Public space design Western Hafencity Hamburg
- 2000 to 2005 New building of the architecture faculty, Venice, Italy
Projects
In Partnership with Carme Pinós
In Partnership with Benedetta Tagliabue
- 1993 Old Port Redevelopment competition, Bremerhaven, Germany
- 1995 Chemnitz Stadium
- 1995 Dresden Stadium
- 1995 Laboratory building for the University of Dresden
- 1995 Tram stop in Frankfurt am Main
- 1996 Japanese National Library, Tokyo, Japan
- 1996 Auditorium for the University of Lübeck
- 1997 Pier in Thessaloniki, Greece
- 1998 San Michele Cemetery extension competition, Venice, Italy
- 1999 Law courts competition in Salerno, Italy
- 1999 University campus Vigo, Pontevedra (province)
- 2000 Wolfsburg Science Center competition
- 2001 Competition for the head office of the California Department of Transportation, Los Angeles, U.S.
- 2007 Enric Miralles Public Library in Palafolls Catalonia
Furniture
- The Sentada chair for Artespaña
- 1993 The Iñes Table - designed for a project in Grenoble - a multi-use piece of furniture accommodating a variety of working and storage requirements.
Awards
Bibliography
- Enric Miralles, Something seen at right and left (without glasses), 1983 (PhD thesis - the title refers to Erik Satie's Choses vues à droite et à gauche)
- El Croquis 30+49 / 50 Omnibus Volume. Enric Miralles / Carme Pinos: obra construita / built works 1983-1994. Madrid: El Croquis, 1995.*
External links
- Chronology of Catalan architecture and biographies of Catalan architects, from the gothic master builders to contemporary architecture, including Miralles & Tagliabue
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