Energy efficiency in Europe
Encyclopedia
The Energy efficiency in Europe study is part of the Odyssee project. It aims to monitor energy efficiency
progress and CO2-reduction for the EU-27 countries and Norway and Croatia, understand the energy demand trends for European countries, compare the countries in their relative energy efficiency performance, as well as to benchmark values, measuring the contribution of innovative energy efficiency and renewables technologies to the Lisbon targets to make Europe more competitive and analyse and evaluate the performance of energy efficiency policies in the different EU Member States and at EU level.
The ODYSSEE MURE is a program coordinated by ADEME and supported under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Commission
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The British plan sets a target that all new buildings will be zero-carbon from 2011 in Wales and make all homes in England zero carbon by 2016.
Austria (6/2007),
Bulgaria (6/2007),
Cyprus (6/2007),
Denmark (9/2005), Estonia (11/2007), France (2/2008), Finland (7/2007), Germany (9/2007), Greece (6/2008),
Hungary (2/2008),
Ireland, Italy (7/2007), , Latvia (2008), Netherlands (9/2007), Spain a short newsletter June 2007 Sweden (2/2008)and UK (2007).
Odysse measures the energy efficiency progress by main sector (industry, transport, households) and for the whole economy (all final consumers). MURE is a database on policy measures. This project is part of the activity of the EnR Club.
The following representative partners in each European country are:
The specific consumption of cars in liters/100 km is regularly decreasing (-0.9%/year since 1990), with a more rapidly improvements for new cars since 1995 (-1.6%/year). However, part of this gain is offset by a shift to larger cars.
For road goods transport, the energy consumption per ton-km has decreased regularly since 1993 because of a better management (increase in ton-km/veh except from 1998 to 2002)
The energy intensity indicator is the most often used indicator to measure the energy efficiency. It is calculated per unit of GDP for the overall indicator and transports or value added for services and agriculture or private consumption for households. However, the ODEX index represents a better proxy for assessing energy efficiency trends at an aggregate level (e.g. overalll economy, industry, households, trasnport, services) than the traiditional energy intensities, as they are cleaned from structural changes and from other factors not related to energy efficiency (more appliances, more cars...).
The ODEX index is used in the ODYSSEE-MURE project to measure the progress of energy efficiency by main sector (industry, transport, households) and for the whole economy (all final consumers).
For each sector, the index is calculated as a weighted average of sub-sectoral indices of energy efficiency progress; sub-sectors being industrial or service sector branches or end-uses for households or transport modes.
The sub-sectoral indices are calculated from variations of unit energy consumption
indicators, measured in physical units and selected so as to provide the best “proxy” of energy efficiency progress, from a policy evaluation viewpoint. The fact that indices are used enables to combine different units for a given sector, for instance for households kWh/appliance, koe/m2, tep/dwelling…
The weight used to get the weighted aggregate is the share of each sub- sector in the total energy consumption of the sub–sectors considered in the calculation.
A value of ODEX equal to 90 means a 10% energy efficiency gain.
Efficient energy use
Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal of efforts to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature...
progress and CO2-reduction for the EU-27 countries and Norway and Croatia, understand the energy demand trends for European countries, compare the countries in their relative energy efficiency performance, as well as to benchmark values, measuring the contribution of innovative energy efficiency and renewables technologies to the Lisbon targets to make Europe more competitive and analyse and evaluate the performance of energy efficiency policies in the different EU Member States and at EU level.
The ODYSSEE MURE is a program coordinated by ADEME and supported under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Commission
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....
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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans
The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan plans offer an opportunity to compare the national energy efficiency measures in the European countries and review the actual national achievements compared to the targets. The first Energy Efficiency Action Plans NEEAP 2008–2010 were delivered in 2007. The second plans should cover the plans from 2011 forward.NEEAP 2008-2010
The action plan reports state the status in 2000-2005 and give the national policies and measures to energy savings by the national governments by sectors by 2016 and 2020.The British plan sets a target that all new buildings will be zero-carbon from 2011 in Wales and make all homes in England zero carbon by 2016.
- The National Energy Efficiency Action Plans NEEAP 2008–2010 (in English):
Austria (6/2007),
Bulgaria (6/2007),
Cyprus (6/2007),
Denmark (9/2005), Estonia (11/2007), France (2/2008), Finland (7/2007), Germany (9/2007), Greece (6/2008),
Hungary (2/2008),
Ireland, Italy (7/2007), , Latvia (2008), Netherlands (9/2007), Spain a short newsletter June 2007 Sweden (2/2008)and UK (2007).
Background
The "Energy efficiency in Europe" study gathers representatives, such as energy agencies, from the 27 EU Member States plus Norway and Croatia and it aims at monitoring energy efficiency trends and policy measures in Europe. The energy databases are managed by Enerdata , which updates the Odyssee database twice by year.Odysse measures the energy efficiency progress by main sector (industry, transport, households) and for the whole economy (all final consumers). MURE is a database on policy measures. This project is part of the activity of the EnR Club.
The following representative partners in each European country are:
- Austria: AEA
- Belgium: Econotec
- Denmark: DEA
- France: ADEME, Enerdata
- Finland: Motiva
- Germany: FhG-ISI
- Greece: CRES
- Ireland: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland
- Italy: ENEA
- Netherlands: NL Agency, ECN
- Portugal: DENE
- Spain: IDAE
- Sweden: STEM
- United Kingdom: AEAT
- Bulgaria: EEA
- Cyprus: CIE
- Czech Republic: Enviros
- Estonia: MOE
- Hungary: ENCEN
- Latvia: IPE
- Malta: MRA
- Poland: KAPE, GUS
- Romania: ARCE, ICEMENERG
- Slovakia: SIEA
- Croatia: EIHP
- Norway: Enova, IFE
- Slovenia: IJS
Energy efficiency in Europe : higlights and figures by sector
Energy efficiency in the EU-27 improved by about 13% between 1996 and 2007, corresponding to 160 Mtoe energy savings in 2007.Industry
Energy efficiency improved by about 2.1%/year since 1990. Each branches, except textile contributed to decrease the overall industrial efficiency index. Since 1998, structural changes towards less energy-intensive branches now strengthen the influence of efficiency improvements on actual energy intensity in industry. However the impact of these structural changes is limited : they explain about 13% of the reduction in the industrial intensity since 1998. The situation is meanwhile differ-ent in countries: structural changes explain a high share of the reduction in 5 countries (Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Sweden, Ireland)Households
In households, energy efficiency improved by 1.1%/year since 1990. Space heating and large appliances experienced the greatest energy efficiency improvement: since 1990, close to 1.5%/year each.Transport
Energy efficiency improved by 0,8% /year since 1990 .The specific consumption of cars in liters/100 km is regularly decreasing (-0.9%/year since 1990), with a more rapidly improvements for new cars since 1995 (-1.6%/year). However, part of this gain is offset by a shift to larger cars.
For road goods transport, the energy consumption per ton-km has decreased regularly since 1993 because of a better management (increase in ton-km/veh except from 1998 to 2002)
Energy efficiency indicators: objectives and methodology
According to Enerdata, energy efficiency indicators can be used to make several types of analysis :- Monitor the targets set at the national and international levels in energy efficiency and CO2 abatement programmes.
- Evaluate of the energy efficiency policy and programmes. Ministries, energy agencies or organisations in charge of the implementation of energy efficiency programmes need to provide regular evaluations to justify their action and the large amounts of public money that have been spent to support these programmes or to operate the energy efficiency agencies.
- Plan future actions, including R&D programmes,
- Feed the energy demand forecasting models and improving the quality of forecasts,technico-economic models, that are characterised by a high level of desegregation (end-uses) make use of energy efficiency indicators to account for future changes in energy efficiency.
- And finally, make cross-country comparisons in a harmonized way.
The energy intensity indicator is the most often used indicator to measure the energy efficiency. It is calculated per unit of GDP for the overall indicator and transports or value added for services and agriculture or private consumption for households. However, the ODEX index represents a better proxy for assessing energy efficiency trends at an aggregate level (e.g. overalll economy, industry, households, trasnport, services) than the traiditional energy intensities, as they are cleaned from structural changes and from other factors not related to energy efficiency (more appliances, more cars...).
The ODEX index is used in the ODYSSEE-MURE project to measure the progress of energy efficiency by main sector (industry, transport, households) and for the whole economy (all final consumers).
For each sector, the index is calculated as a weighted average of sub-sectoral indices of energy efficiency progress; sub-sectors being industrial or service sector branches or end-uses for households or transport modes.
The sub-sectoral indices are calculated from variations of unit energy consumption
Energy consumption
Energy consumption is the consumption of energy or power. It is covered in the following articles and categories:* World energy consumption* Domestic energy consumption* Fuel efficiency in transportation* Electric energy consumption* Electricity generation...
indicators, measured in physical units and selected so as to provide the best “proxy” of energy efficiency progress, from a policy evaluation viewpoint. The fact that indices are used enables to combine different units for a given sector, for instance for households kWh/appliance, koe/m2, tep/dwelling…
The weight used to get the weighted aggregate is the share of each sub- sector in the total energy consumption of the sub–sectors considered in the calculation.
A value of ODEX equal to 90 means a 10% energy efficiency gain.
See also
- World Energy CouncilWorld Energy CouncilThe World Energy Council is a global and inclusive forum for thought-leadership and tangible engagement with headquarters in London. Its mission is 'To promote the sustainable supply and use of energy for the greatest benefit of all people'....
- Energy policyEnergy policyEnergy policy is the manner in which a given entity has decided to address issues of energy development including energy production, distribution and consumption...
- Energy intensityEnergy intensity]Energy intensity is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation's economy. It is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP.* High energy intensities indicate a high price or cost of converting energy into GDP....
- Energy policy of the European UnionEnergy policy of the European UnionAlthough the European Union has legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, and evolved out of the European Coal and Steel Community, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was only approved at the meeting of the European Council on 27 October...
Further reading
- Odysse Energy Efficiency Reports : Odyssee, Intelligent Energy Europe, Final Project , Monitoring of Energy Demand Trends and Energy efficiency in the EU ODYSSEE-MURE (EU-27).Grant agreement N°EIE-07-297
- Energy Efficiency Country Profiles for Europe, Repports by Country for 2008. Available in English and French.
- Comparing ODEX with LMDI to measure energy efficiency trends,Caiman J. Cahill, Morgan Bazilian and Brian P. Ó Gallachóir