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Encoder
 
 
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An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person that converts information from one format or code to another for the purposes of standardization, speed, secrecy, security, or saving space by shrinking size.

ware for encoding audio, video, text into standardized formats:

Job positions:

Security:

Medical encoding software:

Transducers for encoding position or orientation:

Encoder circuits are decribed below:
Encoder Circuit
An encoder can be a device
Integrated circuit

In electronics, an integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin Wafer of semiconductor material....
 used to change a signal (such as a bitstream
Bitstream

A bitstream or bit stream is a time series of bits.A bytestream is a series of bytes, typically of 8 bits each, and can be regarded as a special case of a bitstream....
) or data
DATA

Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa is a multinational Non-governmental organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2's Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III and activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign....
 into a code
Code

In communications, a code is a Operator for converting a piece of information into another form or representation , not necessarily of the same type....
.






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Encyclopedia


An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person that converts information from one format or code to another for the purposes of standardization, speed, secrecy, security, or saving space by shrinking size.

Examples

Software for encoding audio, video, text into standardized formats:
  • A compressor
    Data compression

    In computer science and information theory, data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than an code representation would use through use of specific encoding schemes....
     encodes data (e.g., audio/video/images) into a smaller form.
  • Windows Media Encoder
    Windows Media Encoder

    Windows Media Encoder is a freely downloadable Multimedia codec developed by Microsoft which enables content developers to convert or capture both live and prerecorded audio, video, and computer screen images to Windows Media formats for live and Video on demand delivery....
     captures, compresses, converts and can protect audio/video
  • Riva FLV encoder converts AVI, DV, MPEG, MOV and WMV files to flash video files (*.FLV)
  • An email encoder secures online email addresses from email harvesters
  • A PHTML encoder preserves script code logic in a secure format that is transparent to visitors on a web site
  • A text encoder converts text for use in a browser or web page
  • A multiplexer
    Multiplexer

    In electronics, a multiplexer or mux is a device that performs multiplexing; it selects one of many analog or digital input signals and outputs that into a single line....
     combines multiple inputs into one output.


Job positions:
  • A Data Entry Encoder may enter payment amounts from legal tender documents from financial institutions into a database.
  • A Data Entry Encoder may enter data from phone surveys in a coded format into a database.
  • A Manual Encoder may manually scan code tags on baggage that were missed by an automated system.


Security:
  • A device or person that encodes military messages, such as the ADFGVX Cipher in WWI or the Enigma device in WWII.
  • A Microchip hopping encoder integrated circuit for non-fixed-code secured entry.


Medical encoding software:
  • EncoderPro searches ICD-9-CM, CPT and HCPCS Level II medical codes, to increase accuracy and allow ease of auditing for compliance


Transducers for encoding position or orientation:
  • A rotary encoder
    Rotary encoder

    A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device used to convert the angle position of a shaft or axle to an analog or digital code, making it an angle transducer....
     converts rotary position to an analog (e.g., analog quadrature) or digital (e.g., digital quadrature, 32-bit parallel, or USB) electronic signal.
  • A linear encoder
    Linear encoder

    A linear encoder is a sensor, transducer or readhead paired with a scale that encodes position. The sensor reads the scale in order to convert the encoded position into an analog or digital signal, which can then be decoded into position by a digital readout ....
     similarly converts linear position to an electronic signal.


Encoder circuits are decribed below:

Encoder Circuit


An encoder can be a device
Integrated circuit

In electronics, an integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin Wafer of semiconductor material....
 used to change a signal (such as a bitstream
Bitstream

A bitstream or bit stream is a time series of bits.A bytestream is a series of bytes, typically of 8 bits each, and can be regarded as a special case of a bitstream....
) or data
DATA

Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa is a multinational Non-governmental organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2's Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III and activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign....
 into a code
Code

In communications, a code is a Operator for converting a piece of information into another form or representation , not necessarily of the same type....
. The code serves any of a number of purposes such as compressing information for transmission
Transmission (telecommunications)

In telecommunications, transmission is the process of sending, propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired or wireless....
 or storage
Computer storage

Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components, devices, and recording medium that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time....
, encrypting or adding redundancies
Redundancy (information theory)

Redundancy in information theory is the number of bits used to transmit a message minus the number of bits of actual information in the message....
 to the input code, or translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a programmed algorithm
Algorithm

In mathematics, computing, linguistics and related subjects, an algorithm is a sequence of finite instructions, often used for calculation and data processing....
, especially if any part is digital
Digital

A digital system uses discrete values, usually but not always symbolized numerically to represent information for input, processing, transmission, storage, etc....
, while most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry.

Single bit 4 to 2 Encoder


?

An encoder has 2n input lines and n output lines.The output lines generate a binary code corresponding to the input value. For example a single bit 4 to 2 encoder takes in 4 bits and outputs 2 bits. It is assumed that there are only 4 types of input signals these are : 0001, 0010, 0100, 1000.

Encoder Diagram
 
I3I2I1I0 O1O0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1


The encoder has the limitation that only one input can be active at any given time. If two inputs are simultaneously active, the output produces an undefined combination. To prevent this we make use of the priority encoder.

Priority encoder


A priority encoder is such that if two or more inputs are given at the same time, the input having the highest priority will take precedence. An example of a single bit 4 to 2 encoder is shown.

I3I2I1I0 O1O0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 d 0 1
0 1 d d 1 0
1 d d d 1 1


Connecting Priority Encoders


Priority encoders can be easily connected in arrays to make larger encoders, such as a 16 to 4 encoder made from six 4 to 2 priority encoders (four encoders having the signal source connected to their inputs, and two encoders that take the output of the first four as input).

See also

  • Codec
    Codec

    A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoder and/or Decoding methods a digital data stream or signal . The word codec is a portmanteau of 'compressor-decompressor' or, most commonly, 'coder-decoder'....
  • Endec
    Endec

    An endec is a device which both encodes and decodes video or audio, or other signals, either with the same or separate circuitry or algorithm....
  • Line code
    Line code

    In telecommunication, a line code is a code chosen for use within a communications system for transmission purposes. Line coding is often used for digital data transport....
  • Modulation
    Modulation

    In telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a Periodic function waveform, i.e. a tone, in order to use that signal to convey a message, in a similar fashion as a musician may modulate the tone from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and Pitch ....
  • Redundancy in databases
    Database normalization

    In the field of relational database design, normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general-purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristics?insertion, update, and deletion anomalies?that could lead to a loss of data integrity....
  • decoder
    Decoder

    A decoder is a device which does the reverse of an encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original information can be retrieved. The same method used to encode is usually just reversed in order to decode....


External links


  • Encoding data to an ID Card: [https://www.arcadiaid.com/page.php?page=magneticstripeencoder Using a Magnetic Stripe Encoder]
  • - Absolute encoding for rotating shaft, with a comprehensive discussion of gray code.
  • - an overview of encoders in circuitry.