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Encelia

 
Encelia

 
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Encelia
 
 
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Encelia is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of the plant family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 Asteraceae
Asteraceae

The family Asteraceae or Compositae is the largest family of flowering plants, in terms of number of species.The name 'Asteraceae' is derived from the type genus Aster , while 'Compositae', an older but still valid name, means composite and refers to the characteristic inflorescence, a special type of pseudanthium found in o...
. It consists of shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s (and one geophyte) of arid environments in southwestern North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
 and western South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
. All have n = 18 chromosomes. With the exception of the South American species, all are obligate outcrossers
Outcrossing

Outcrossing is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It increases genetic diversity, thus reducing the probability of all individuals being subject to disease or reducing genetic abnormalities....
. In cultivation, the species readily form fertile F1 hybrid
F1 hybrid

F1 hybrid is a term used in genetics and selective breeding. F1 stands for Filial 1, the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross mating of distinctly different parental types....
s, F2s, and backcrosses
Backcrossing

Backcrossing is a crossing of a Hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent....
, but in natural areas of sympatry, F2s and backcrosses are absent or rare.

Encelia species are used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 species including the leaf-miner Bucculatrix enceliae
Bucculatricidae

Bucculatricidae or is a family of moths. This small family has representatives in all parts of the world. Some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family Lyonetiidae....
 which feeds exclusively on Encelia farinosa.

The phylogenetic sister group of Encelia is a clade comprising the genera Enceliopsis
Enceliopsis

Enceliopsis is a small genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae. They are sometimes called sunrays. They are similar to the daisylike plants in the related genus Encelia....
 and Geraea
Geraea

Geraea is a genus of the Asteraceae from southwestern North America, comprising two species, the annual plant Geraea canescens and the geophyte Geraea viscida....
.






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Encyclopedia


Encelia is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of the plant family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 Asteraceae
Asteraceae

The family Asteraceae or Compositae is the largest family of flowering plants, in terms of number of species.The name 'Asteraceae' is derived from the type genus Aster , while 'Compositae', an older but still valid name, means composite and refers to the characteristic inflorescence, a special type of pseudanthium found in o...
. It consists of shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s (and one geophyte) of arid environments in southwestern North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
 and western South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
. All have n = 18 chromosomes. With the exception of the South American species, all are obligate outcrossers
Outcrossing

Outcrossing is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It increases genetic diversity, thus reducing the probability of all individuals being subject to disease or reducing genetic abnormalities....
. In cultivation, the species readily form fertile F1 hybrid
F1 hybrid

F1 hybrid is a term used in genetics and selective breeding. F1 stands for Filial 1, the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross mating of distinctly different parental types....
s, F2s, and backcrosses
Backcrossing

Backcrossing is a crossing of a Hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent....
, but in natural areas of sympatry, F2s and backcrosses are absent or rare.

Encelia species are used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 species including the leaf-miner Bucculatrix enceliae
Bucculatricidae

Bucculatricidae or is a family of moths. This small family has representatives in all parts of the world. Some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family Lyonetiidae....
 which feeds exclusively on Encelia farinosa.

The phylogenetic sister group of Encelia is a clade comprising the genera Enceliopsis
Enceliopsis

Enceliopsis is a small genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae. They are sometimes called sunrays. They are similar to the daisylike plants in the related genus Encelia....
 and Geraea
Geraea

Geraea is a genus of the Asteraceae from southwestern North America, comprising two species, the annual plant Geraea canescens and the geophyte Geraea viscida....
. The three genera are informally called the "Encelia alliance".

Species
  • Encelia actoni Elmer
  • Encelia asperifolia (S.F.Blake) C. Clark
    Curtis Clark

    Curtis Clark is an United States jazz pianist.Clark was born in Chicago in 1950, moved and spent his student years in Los Angeles where he started composing and playing the piano....
     & Kyhos
  • Encelia californica
    Encelia californica

    Encelia californica is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae known by the common name California brittlebush. This shrub is native to southern California and Baja California where it is a member of the Coastal sage scrub plant community at the shoreline....
     Nutt.
    Thomas Nuttall

    Thomas Nuttall was an England botany and zoologist, who lived and worked in America from 1808 until 1841.Nuttall was born in the village of Long Preston, near Settle in the West Riding of Yorkshire and spent some years as an apprentice printer in England....
  • Encelia canescens Lam.
    Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

    Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck, usually known as Lamarck, was a France soldier, natural history, academia and an early proponent of the idea that evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with Naturalism ....
  • Encelia conspersa Benth.
    George Bentham

    George Bentham CMG, FRS was an England botanist, characterized by Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century"....
  • Encelia densifolia C. Clark
    Curtis Clark

    Curtis Clark is an United States jazz pianist.Clark was born in Chicago in 1950, moved and spent his student years in Los Angeles where he started composing and playing the piano....
     & Kyhos
  • Encelia farinosa
    Encelia farinosa

    Encelia farinosa, or Brittlebush, is a common desert shrub of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. Its common name comes from the brittleness of its Plant stem....
     Torr.
    John Torrey

    John Torrey was an United States botany.Torrey was born in New York. When he was 15 or 16 years of age his father received a prison appointment at Greenwich, and there he made the acquaintance of Amos Eaton, a pioneer of natural history studies in America....
     & A.Gray
    Asa Gray

    Asa Gray is considered the most important United States botany of the 19th century.He was instrumental in unifying the taxonomy knowledge of the plants of North America....
     var. farinosa - Brittlebush
    • Encelia farinosa
      Encelia farinosa

      Encelia farinosa, or Brittlebush, is a common desert shrub of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. Its common name comes from the brittleness of its Plant stem....
       Torr.
      John Torrey

      John Torrey was an United States botany.Torrey was born in New York. When he was 15 or 16 years of age his father received a prison appointment at Greenwich, and there he made the acquaintance of Amos Eaton, a pioneer of natural history studies in America....
       & A.Gray
      Asa Gray

      Asa Gray is considered the most important United States botany of the 19th century.He was instrumental in unifying the taxonomy knowledge of the plants of North America....
       var. phenicodonta (S.F.Blake) I.M.Johnston
      Ivan Murray Johnston

      I. M. Johnston , was a United States Botany. He studied at Pomona College in Claremont, California and at Harvard University. His plant collections are housed in the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, in Claremont, and in the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University....
    • Encelia farinosa
      Encelia farinosa

      Encelia farinosa, or Brittlebush, is a common desert shrub of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. Its common name comes from the brittleness of its Plant stem....
       Torr.
      John Torrey

      John Torrey was an United States botany.Torrey was born in New York. When he was 15 or 16 years of age his father received a prison appointment at Greenwich, and there he made the acquaintance of Amos Eaton, a pioneer of natural history studies in America....
       & A.Gray
      Asa Gray

      Asa Gray is considered the most important United States botany of the 19th century.He was instrumental in unifying the taxonomy knowledge of the plants of North America....
       var. radians T.S.Brandegee
  • Encelia frutescens
    Encelia frutescens

    Encelia frutescens is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae known by the common names button brittlebush and bush encelia....
     A.Gray
    Asa Gray

    Asa Gray is considered the most important United States botany of the 19th century.He was instrumental in unifying the taxonomy knowledge of the plants of North America....
     ssp. frutescens
    • Encelia frutescens
      Encelia frutescens

      Encelia frutescens is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae known by the common names button brittlebush and bush encelia....
       A.Gray
      Asa Gray

      Asa Gray is considered the most important United States botany of the 19th century.He was instrumental in unifying the taxonomy knowledge of the plants of North America....
       ssp. glandulosa C. Clark
      Curtis Clark

      Curtis Clark is an United States jazz pianist.Clark was born in Chicago in 1950, moved and spent his student years in Los Angeles where he started composing and playing the piano....
  • Encelia halimifolia Cav.
    Antonio José Cavanilles

    Antonio Jos? Cavanilles was a leading Spain taxonomy botanist of the 18th century. He named many plants, particularly from Oceania, his name is abbreviated as Cav....
  • Encelia nutans Eastwood
    Alice Eastwood

    Alice Eastwood was a Canadian American botanist. Born in Toronto, she moved to the United States at 14, and from age twenty to thirty, was a teacher in Denver, Colorado and taught herself botany....
  • Encelia palmeri Vasey
    George Vasey (botanist)

    George S. Vasey was an English-born American botanist who collected a lot in Illinois before integrating the United States Department of Agriculture , where he became Chief Botanist and curator of the greatly expanded National Herbarium....
     & Rose
    Joseph Nelson Rose

    Joseph Nelson Rose was an USA botanist. He was born in Union County, Indiana. His father died serving during the Civil War when Joseph Rose was a young boy....
  • Encelia ravenii Wiggins
  • Encelia resinifera
    Encelia resinifera

    Encelia resinifera is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the United States....
     C. Clark
    Curtis Clark

    Curtis Clark is an United States jazz pianist.Clark was born in Chicago in 1950, moved and spent his student years in Los Angeles where he started composing and playing the piano....
     ssp. resinifera
    • Encelia resinifera
      Encelia resinifera

      Encelia resinifera is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the United States....
       C. Clark
      Curtis Clark

      Curtis Clark is an United States jazz pianist.Clark was born in Chicago in 1950, moved and spent his student years in Los Angeles where he started composing and playing the piano....
       ssp. tenuifolia C. Clark
      Curtis Clark

      Curtis Clark is an United States jazz pianist.Clark was born in Chicago in 1950, moved and spent his student years in Los Angeles where he started composing and playing the piano....
  • Encelia ventorum T.S. Brandegee
  • Encelia virginensis
    Encelia virginensis

    Encelia virginensis is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae known by the common name Virgin River brittlebush. This shrub is native to the southwestern United States, particularly the Mojave Desert....
     A. Nels.
Hybrids
  • Encelia × laciniata Vasey
    George Vasey (botanist)

    George S. Vasey was an English-born American botanist who collected a lot in Illinois before integrating the United States Department of Agriculture , where he became Chief Botanist and curator of the greatly expanded National Herbarium....
     & Rose
    Joseph Nelson Rose

    Joseph Nelson Rose was an USA botanist. He was born in Union County, Indiana. His father died serving during the Civil War when Joseph Rose was a young boy....