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Electron cloud is not a term used by the Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
 laureate and acclaimed educator Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman was an United States physicist known for the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as work in particle physics ....
 in The Feynman Lectures on Physics
The Feynman Lectures on Physics

The Feynman Lectures on Physics is a 1964 physics textbook by Richard Feynman, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, based upon the lectures given by Feynman to undergraduate students at the California Institute of Technology in 1961?63....
 (Feynman2006 Vol 1 lect 6 pg 11) for discussing "exactly what is an electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
?". This intuitive model provides a simplified way of visualizing an electron as a solution of the Schrödinger equation
Schrödinger equation

In physics, especially quantum mechanics, the Schr?dinger equation is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time....
, an advancement using the scientific method
Scientific method

Scientific method refers to techniques for investigating phenomenon, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and Measure evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning....
 to surprising observations that could only be explained by introducing randomness. It is also often referred to as an orbital, because the two terms similarly conceptualize the space where an electron is likely to be found but cannot be actually pinpointed.






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Electron cloud is not a term used by the Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
 laureate and acclaimed educator Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman was an United States physicist known for the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as work in particle physics ....
 in The Feynman Lectures on Physics
The Feynman Lectures on Physics

The Feynman Lectures on Physics is a 1964 physics textbook by Richard Feynman, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, based upon the lectures given by Feynman to undergraduate students at the California Institute of Technology in 1961?63....
 (Feynman2006 Vol 1 lect 6 pg 11) for discussing "exactly what is an electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
?". This intuitive model provides a simplified way of visualizing an electron as a solution of the Schrödinger equation
Schrödinger equation

In physics, especially quantum mechanics, the Schr?dinger equation is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time....
, an advancement using the scientific method
Scientific method

Scientific method refers to techniques for investigating phenomenon, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and Measure evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning....
 to surprising observations that could only be explained by introducing randomness. It is also often referred to as an orbital, because the two terms similarly conceptualize the space where an electron is likely to be found but cannot be actually pinpointed. In the electron cloud analogy, the probability density
Probability density

Probability density may refer to:* Probability density function in probability theory* Probability amplitude in quantum mechanics...
 of an electron, or wavefunction
Wavefunction

A wave function or wavefunction is a mathematical tool used in quantum mechanics to describe any physical system. It is a function from a mathematical space that maps the possible states of the system into the complex numbers....
, is described as a small cloud moving around the atomic
Atomic nucleus

The nucleus of an atom is the very dense region, consisting of nucleons , at the center of an atom. Although the size of the nucleus varies considerably according to the mass of the atom, the size of the entire atom is comparatively constant....
 or molecular nucleus, with the opacity of the cloud proportional to the probability density.

The model evolved from the earlier Bohr model
Bohr model

In atomic physics, the Bohr model created by Niels Bohr depicts the atom as a small, positively charged atomic nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity....
, which likened an electron orbit
ORBit

ORBit is a Common Object Request Broker Architecture 2.4 compliant Object Request Broker . It features mature C , C++ and Python bindings, and less developed bindings for Perl, Lisp , Pascal , Ruby , and Tcl....
ing an atomic nucleus to a planet orbiting the sun. The electron cloud formulation better describes many observed phenomena, including the double slit experiment, the periodic table
Periodic table

The periodic table of the chemical elements is a table method of displaying the chemical elements. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869....
 and chemical bonding, and atomic interactions with light. Although lacking in certain details, the intuitive model roughly predicts the experimentally observed wave-particle duality, in that electron behavior is described as a delocalized wavelike object, yet compact enough to be considered a particle on certain length-scales.

Experimental evidence suggests that the probability density is not just a theoretical model for the uncertainty in the location of the electron, but rather that it reflects the actual state of the electron. This carries an enormous philosophical implication, indicating that point-like particles do not actually exist, and that the universe's evolution may be fundamentally uncertain. The fundamental source of quantum uncertainty is an unsolved problem
List of unsolved problems

A list of unsolved problems may refer to List of conjectures or open problems in various fields. The problems are listed below:* Unsolved problems in chemistry...
 in physics.

Physicist Adam Wagner speculates that, if visible, an electron cloud would look much like the static on a television screen.