Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford

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Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford

Admiral of the Fleet

Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)

Admiral of the Fleet is a rank of the British Royal Navy and other navies, equating to the NATO rank code OF-10.The rank evolved from the ancient sailing days of the Royal Navy....
Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford, PC (1653 – 26 November 1727) was the First Lord of the Admiralty under King William III

William III of England

William III was a Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 onwards, he governed as List_of_stadtholders_for_the_Low_Countries_provinces William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic....
. He was a son of the Hon. Edward Russell, a younger son of the 4th Earl of Bedford

Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford

Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford Privy Council of England was an England politician. He was the only son of William Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh, to which barony he succeeded in August 1613....
and a younger brother of the 5th Earl

William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford

William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford Order of the Garter Privy Council was a British peerage and soldier during the English Civil War....
(later 1st Duke of Bedford).

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Admiral of the Fleet

Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)

William III of England

Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford

William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford

William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford Order of the Garter Privy Council was a British peerage and soldier during the English Civil War....
(later 1st Duke of Bedford). He married his cousin, Lady Margaret Russell, youngest daughter of the 5th Earl, but they had no children.

He was one of the first gentleman officers of the Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British Armed Forces . From the mid-18th century until well into the 20th century, it was the most powerful navy in the world, playing a key part in establishing the British Empire as the dominant world power from 1815 until the early 1940s....
regularly bred to the sea. In 1671, he was named Lieutenant at the age of eighteen and was promoted to Captain in the following year. In the Third Anglo-Dutch War

Third Anglo-Dutch War

The Third Anglo-Dutch War or Third Dutch War was a military conflict between England and the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands lasting from 1672 to 1674....
he saw active service in the North Sea

North Sea

The North Sea is a marginal sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf. The Dover Strait and the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north connect it to the Atlantic Ocean....
in 1672 and 1673. Russell later served in the Mediterranean in the operations against the Barbary Pirates with Sir John Narborough

John Narborough

Rear Admiral Sir John Narborough, RN was an England navy commander of the 17th century, who served with distinction during the Anglo-Dutch Wars and against the Barbary Coast pirates....
and Arthur Herbert

Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington

Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington was a British admiral and politician of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Cashiered as a rear-admiral by James II of England in 1688 for refusing to serve under Catholic officers, he brought the Invitation to William to The Hague, disguised as a simple sailor....
from 1676 to 1682. In 1683 he ceased to be employed, as all of the members of the Russell family had fallen into disfavour with the King after the discovery of Lord Russell's

William Russell, Lord Russell

William Russell, Lord Russell , was an England politician. He was a leading member of the Country Party , forerunners of the British Whig Partys, who opposed the succession of James II of England during the reign of Charles II of England, ultimately resulting in his execution for treason....
connection with the Rye House Plot

Rye House Plot

The Rye House Plot of 1683 was a plan to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother James II of England. Historians vary in their assessment of the degree to which details of the conspiracy were finalized....
.

In 1688, Russell was one of the Immortal Seven, a group of English nobleman who issued the Invitation to William
Invitation to William

The Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven notable Englishmen, later named the Immortal Seven, to William III of England, received by him on 30 June 1688 ....
, a document asking William of Orange

William III of England

James II of England

James II and VII was List of English monarchs, List of Scottish monarchs, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. He was the last Roman Catholic Church monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland....
. In the subsequent War of the Grand Alliance

War of the Grand Alliance

The Nine Years' War ? often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg ? was a major war of the late 17th century fought primarily on mainland Europe but also encompassing theatres in Ireland and North America....
, Russell served at sea, commanding a fleet after 1690. In 1692, Russell was Commander-in-Chief

Commander-in-Chief

A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function....
of the Anglo-Dutch force that fought the French

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
fleet at Barfleur

Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue

The related naval battles of Barfleur and La Hogue took place between 29 May and 4 June New Style, 1692 .The first action took place near Barfleur; later actions were at Cherbourg and Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue in the Cotentin peninsula, Normandy, France....
, and destroyed much of it at La Hougue

Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue

Naval battle

A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels. Most naval battles have occurred at sea, but a few have taken place on lakes or rivers....
of the war.

Russell became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1694, remaining in that post until 1699. He served in the Mediterranean from 1694 to 1695 and was created Baron Shingay, Viscount Barfleur, and Earl of Orford in 1697. These titles all became extinct on the childless Orford's death.

On the orders of King William III

William III of England

William III was a Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 onwards, he governed as List_of_stadtholders_for_the_Low_Countries_provinces William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic....
, he was the first British commander to over-winter at Cadiz

Cádiz

C?diz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of C?diz, one of eight which make up the Autonomous communities of Spain of Andalusia....
(rather than sailing his squadron home in the autumn) and so inaugurated a policy that led to the acquisition of a British Mediterranean base at Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory shares a border with Spain to the north....
in 1704.

Styles from birth to death

Mr Edward Russell (1653-1689)
The Rt Hon. Edward Russell, MP (1689-1697)
The Rt Hon. The Earl of Orford, PC (1697-1727)

Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford

Styles from birth to death

See also