Economy of Croatia
Encyclopedia
Economy of Croatia
is a service-based economy with the tertiary sector accounting for 70% of total gross domestic product
(GDP). Croatian GDP in 2010 was 335.5 billion Croatian Kuna
and contracted by 1.4% year-on-year. Although Croatian economy had showed signs of recovery in the last quarter of 2010 and officially exited recession in the first quarter of 2011, economic indicators suggest that the recovery may be sluggish with the economy expected to grow by 1.5-1.8% in 2011.
In spite of the rather slow post-recession recovery, in terms of income per capita Croatia is still ahead of some European Union
member states such as Bulgaria
, Romania
, Latvia
, Lithuania
, and Poland
. Estimated GDP per capita in purchasing power parity
(PPP) in 2010 was around USD 19,754 or 63.3% of the EU average for the same year.
The industrial sector with exports of over €1 billion annually is dominated by shipbuilding which accounts for over 10% of exported goods. Food processing and chemical industry also account for significant portions of industrial output and exports. Industrial sector represents 27% of Croatia’s total economic output while agriculture represents 6%. Industrial sector is responsible for 25% of Croatia's GDP, with agriculture, forestry and fishing accounting for the remaining 5% of Croatian GDP.
Croatian agricultural sector subsists from exports of blue water fish, which in recent years experienced a tremendous surge in demand, mainly from Japan
and South Korea
. Croatia is a notable producer of organic food
s and much of it is exported to the European Union. Croatian wine
s, olive oil
and lavender
are particularly sought after.
Tourism
is traditionally a notable source of income, particularly during the summer months, but also more recently during the winter months as well, due to an increase in popularity of snow sports such as skiing
. With over 10 million foreign tourists annually, tourism generates revenue in excess of €7 billion. Croatia is ranked among the top 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world, and was voted world's top tourism destination in 2005 by Lonely Planet
.
Trade plays a major role in Croatian economic output. In 2007 Croatia's exports were valued at USD 12.84 billion (24.7 billion including service exports). Croatia has a stable market economy accompanied by a strong and stable currency, the Kuna
.
Croatia and Slovenia
, the two westernmost republics in what was formerly SFR Yugoslavia, accounted for nearly half of the total Yugoslav GDP, and this was reflected in the overall standard of living
which in Croatia's case was more than 50% above Yugoslav average, and close to 90% in Slovenia. Nevertheless, since the late 1980s and the beginning of economic transition
, Croatian economy experienced difficulties due to de-industrialization, war destruction and the loss of Yugoslav and Comecon
markets.
Persistent economic problems still remain and include a rather high unemployment
rate (9.6% in 2007), and the slow progress of necessary economic reforms. Of particular concern is the heavily backlogged judiciary
system, combined with inefficient public administration
, especially regarding the issues of land ownership and corruption in the public sector. Unemployment is regionally uneven: it is very high in eastern and southern parts of the country, nearing 20% in some areas, while relatively low in the north-west and in larger cities, where it is between 3 and 7%. Unemployment has been constantly declining by 5% over the last 7 years.
The country has since experienced faster economic growth
and has been preparing for membership in the European Union, its most important trading partner
.
In February 2005, the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European Union officially came into force, and Croatia is advancing towards full EU membership
. The country expects serious positive economic impulses and high growth rates in the coming years, as currently its economic development is marred by a high export deficit and a high but manageable debt. Croatia is expecting a major boom in investments, especially greenfield
investments.
Note: Statistics in this table are from 1990. Croatian GDP per capita grew by almost 300% between 1990 and 2008.
Fiscal year:
calendar year
GDP per county: (source Croatian statistical institute for year 2005)
GDP per county: (source Croatian statistical institute for year 2006)
GDP per county: (GDP for year 2007 - source Croatian National Bank)
GDP per county: (Preliminary GDP Data for year 2008 - source Croatian National Bank
, first time grey market
included)
__FORCETOC__
. Pre-1945 industrialization was slow and centered on textile mills, sawmills, brick yards and food-processing plants.
Rapid industrialization and diversification occurred after World War II. Decentralization
came in 1965 and spurred growth of several sectors including the prosperous tourist industry
. Profits gained through Croatia's industry were used to develop poor regions in other parts of former Yugoslavia, leading to Croatia contributing much more to the federal Yugoslav economy than it gained in return. This, coupled with austerity program
s and hyperinflation
in the 1980s, led to discontent in both Croatia and Slovenia which eventually fuelled political movements calling for independence. Foreign remittances contributed $2 billion annually to the economy by 1990.
Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, SR Croatia was the second most prosperous and industrialized area (after SR Slovenia), with a per capita output more than one-third above Yugoslav average. Privatization under the new Croatian government had barely begun when war broke out in 1991. Economic infrastructure was directly affected by the Croatian War of Independence
and sustained massive damage, particularly in 1991 and 1992.
Croatia, along with the remainder of the former Yugoslavia, experienced a serious depression. President Franjo Tuđman initiated the process of privatization and de-nationalization in Croatia; however, it was far from transparent. The new government's inefficient and slow legal system, combined with the wider context of the Yugoslav wars
, led to numerous cases of mishandled privatization efforts, collectively known as the Croatian privatization controversy
. Nepotism
was endemic, with the president devising a concept of "200 families" which would control all property in Croatia, and during this period many influential individuals with the backing of the authorities acquired state-owned property and companies at extremely low prices, afterwards selling them off piecemeal to the highest bidder for much larger sums. This, along with the sudden loss of access to former Yugoslav market
s, led to mass bankruptcies, and swelled the ranks of the unemployed by thousands, a problem Croatia still struggles with to this day. Miroslav Kutle
was one of the leading businessmen in these endeavours, and he was subsequently incarcerated on multiple counts of embezzlement.
This was all helped by the inadequacy of legal restrictions in place and by the apparently active support of Croatia's authorities, which were ultimately controlled by President Tuđman. In the end this shed an increasingly negative light, and cast a shadow on his notable successes as a strategist and wartime statesman. Excluding the mostly rural rebel-occupied areas in the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina
, in the last two years of Tuđman's first presidential term the detrimental effects of uncontrolled capitalism
had become strikingly visible, with more than 400,000 unemployed and a significant drop in GDP per capita, problems that Croatia struggles with to this day.
Inflation and unemployment rose sharply and the kuna
fell, prompting the national bank to tighten its fiscal policy
. A new banking law passed in December 1998 gave the central bank more control over Croatia's 53 commercial banks and Croatia became dependent on international debt to finance its deficit.
Despite the successful value-added tax program, planned privatization of state controlled businesses, and a revised budget with a 7% cut in spending across that board, the government still projected a $200 million deficit for 1999.
Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, is a significant factor in the further development of the economy. The government has been successful in some reform efforts — partially macroeconomic stabilization policies — and it has normalized relations with its creditors.
In 1998 the government founded The Business Innovation Center of Croatia – BICRO
, in order to implement technology development and innovation support programs, as an important paradigm of future development.
The recession
that began at the end of 1998 continued through most of 1999, and GDP in 1999 was flat. Inflation remained in check and the kuna was stable. However, consumer demand was weak and industrial production decreased. Structural reform lagged and problems of payment arrears and a lack of banking supervision continued.
Due to the upcoming elections, the ruling HDZ government promised two salary increases to public-sector employees before the end of the year which further increased the fiscal deficit.
(HDZ) in the January 2000 elections ushered in a new government committed to economic reform and halting the economic decline.
The new government led by Ivica Račan
carried out a large number of structural reforms. With tourism as the main contributing factor the country emerged from recession in 2000. Due to overall increase in stability, the economic rating of the country improved and interest rate
s dropped. As a result of coalition
politics and resistance from the unions and the public, many reforms are still overdue, especially in the legal system.
Unemployment reached a peak of around 22% in late 2002 due to many overdue bankruptcies. It has since been steadily declining, powered by growing industrial production and rising GDP, rather than only seasonal changes from tourism. GDP rose to the level it had in 1990 only in 2003.
Most economic indicators remained positive in this period, except for the external debt
. The Croatian National Bank
had to take steps to curb further growth of indebtedness of local banks with foreign banks. The dollar debt figure is quite adversely affected by the EUR
/USD ratio — over a third of the increase in debt since 2002 is due to currency value changes.
Tourism
is a notable source of income during the summer. With over 10 million foreign tourists a year (as of 2006), Croatia is ranked as the 18th major tourist destination in the world.
The Croatian economy is heavily interdependent on other principal economies of Europe, and any negative trends in these larger EU economies also have a negative impact on Croatia as they are its biggest trade partners. The country is a candidate for membership in the European Union
. During the accession, it is expected that agricultural policy will be the biggest stumbling block, as with other recent applicant countries.
By early 2005, the foreign debt of the Government declined in growth, and was surpassed in size by the foreign debt of the banking sector, prompting further interventions by the central bank. As of late 2007, the unemployment rate is 9.6%.
List of banks in Croatia
Central bank:
Major commercial banks:
revenues:
expenditures:
Expenditure for 2007:
Expenditure for 2008 = projected:
GDP
:
purchasing power parity - $68.98 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
5.8% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $15,500 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 7.2%
industry: 31.6%
services: 61.2% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
1.749 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 2.7%, industry 32.8%, services 64.5% (2004)
Unemployment rate:
9.6% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
national absolute:
11% (2003)
internationally comparable:
4.8% (2003 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
3.4%
highest 10%:
24.5%
(2003 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
29 (2001)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.9% (2007)
Investment (gross fixed):
30.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$19.2 billion (104.5 billion Kuna)2007 (official figure)
projected for 2008 - 115.2 billion Kuna (21.95 billion USD)
expenditures:
$19.75 billion, (108.6 billion Kuna) 2007(official figure)
projected 3doe 2008 - 120.5 billion Kuna (22.9 billion USD)
Public debt:
47.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
wheat
, corn
, sugar beet
s, sunflower
seed, barley
, alfalfa
, clover
, olive
s, citrus
, grape
s, soybean
s, potato
es; livestock
, dairy products
Industries:
chemicals
and plastic
s, machine tools, fabricated metal
, electronics, pig iron
and rolled steel
products, aluminium
, paper
, wood
products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum
and petroleum refining, food
and beverages; tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
5.2% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
11.99 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
33.6%
hydro:
66%
nuclear:
0%
other:
0.4% (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
14.97 billion kW·h (2005)
Electricity - exports:
3.634 billion kW·h (2005)
Electricity - imports:
8.746 billion kW·h (2005)
Oil - production:
27190 oilbbl/d (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
99000 oilbbl/d (2004 est.)
Oil - proved reserves:
69.14 Moilbbl (1 January 2006)
Natural gas - production:
1.477 billion cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
2.58 billion cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
1.103 billion cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
27.16 billion cubic metres (1 January 2006)
Current account balance:
−$4.385 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
$12.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
transport equipment, textiles, chemicals
, foodstuffs, fuels
Exports - partners:
Italy
23.1%,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
12.7%,
Germany
10.4%,
Slovenia
8.3%,
Austria
6.1%,
(2006)
Imports:
$26.54 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Italy 16.7%,
Germany 14.5%,
Russia
9.7%,
Slovenia 6.8%,
Austria 5.4%,
China 5.3%,
(2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$13.67 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$45.29 billion (30 June 2007 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
ODA $125.4 million (2005)
Currency:
kuna
(HRK)
Exchange rates:
kuna per US$1 –
5.3735 (2007),
5.8625 (2006),
5.9473 (2005),
6.0358 (2004),
6.7035 (2003),
7.8687 (2002),
8.34 (2001),
8.2766 (2000),
7.112 (1999),
6.362 (1998),
6.157 (1997),
5.434 (1996),
5.230 (1995)
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
is a service-based economy with the tertiary sector accounting for 70% of total gross domestic product
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
(GDP). Croatian GDP in 2010 was 335.5 billion Croatian Kuna
Croatian kuna
The kuna is the currency of Croatia since 1994 . It is subdivided into 100 lipa. The kuna is issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins are minted by the Croatian Monetary Institute....
and contracted by 1.4% year-on-year. Although Croatian economy had showed signs of recovery in the last quarter of 2010 and officially exited recession in the first quarter of 2011, economic indicators suggest that the recovery may be sluggish with the economy expected to grow by 1.5-1.8% in 2011.
In spite of the rather slow post-recession recovery, in terms of income per capita Croatia is still ahead of some European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
member states such as Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
, Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
, and Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. Estimated GDP per capita in purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity
In economics, purchasing power parity is a condition between countries where an amount of money has the same purchasing power in different countries. The prices of the goods between the countries would only reflect the exchange rates...
(PPP) in 2010 was around USD 19,754 or 63.3% of the EU average for the same year.
The industrial sector with exports of over €1 billion annually is dominated by shipbuilding which accounts for over 10% of exported goods. Food processing and chemical industry also account for significant portions of industrial output and exports. Industrial sector represents 27% of Croatia’s total economic output while agriculture represents 6%. Industrial sector is responsible for 25% of Croatia's GDP, with agriculture, forestry and fishing accounting for the remaining 5% of Croatian GDP.
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
and South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
. Croatia is a notable producer of organic food
Organic food
Organic foods are foods that are produced using methods that do not involve modern synthetic inputs such as synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers, do not contain genetically modified organisms, and are not processed using irradiation, industrial solvents, or chemical food additives.For the...
s and much of it is exported to the European Union. Croatian wine
Croatian wine
Croatian wine has a history dating back to the Ancient Greek settlers, and their wine production on the southern Dalmatian islands of Vis, Hvar and Korčula some 2,500 years ago. Like other old world wine producers, many traditional grape varieties still survive in Croatia, perfectly suited to...
s, olive oil
Olive oil
Olive oil is an oil obtained from the olive , a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps...
and lavender
Lavender
The lavenders are a genus of 39 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. An Old World genus, distributed from Macaronesia across Africa, the Mediterranean, South-West Asia, Arabia, Western Iran and South-East India...
are particularly sought after.
Tourism
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
is traditionally a notable source of income, particularly during the summer months, but also more recently during the winter months as well, due to an increase in popularity of snow sports such as skiing
Skiing
Skiing is a recreational activity using skis as equipment for traveling over snow. Skis are used in conjunction with boots that connect to the ski with use of a binding....
. With over 10 million foreign tourists annually, tourism generates revenue in excess of €7 billion. Croatia is ranked among the top 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world, and was voted world's top tourism destination in 2005 by Lonely Planet
Lonely Planet
Lonely Planet is the largest travel guide book and digital media publisher in the world. The company is owned by BBC Worldwide, which bought a 75% share from the founders Maureen and Tony Wheeler in 2007 and the final 25% in February 2011...
.
Trade plays a major role in Croatian economic output. In 2007 Croatia's exports were valued at USD 12.84 billion (24.7 billion including service exports). Croatia has a stable market economy accompanied by a strong and stable currency, the Kuna
Croatian kuna
The kuna is the currency of Croatia since 1994 . It is subdivided into 100 lipa. The kuna is issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins are minted by the Croatian Monetary Institute....
.
Croatia and Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
, the two westernmost republics in what was formerly SFR Yugoslavia, accounted for nearly half of the total Yugoslav GDP, and this was reflected in the overall standard of living
Standard of living
Standard of living is generally measured by standards such as real income per person and poverty rate. Other measures such as access and quality of health care, income growth inequality and educational standards are also used. Examples are access to certain goods , or measures of health such as...
which in Croatia's case was more than 50% above Yugoslav average, and close to 90% in Slovenia. Nevertheless, since the late 1980s and the beginning of economic transition
Transition economy
A transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a free market. Transition economies undergo economic liberalization, where market forces set prices rather than a central planning organization and trade barriers are removed,...
, Croatian economy experienced difficulties due to de-industrialization, war destruction and the loss of Yugoslav and Comecon
Comecon
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance , 1949–1991, was an economic organisation under hegemony of Soviet Union comprising the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world...
markets.
Persistent economic problems still remain and include a rather high unemployment
Unemployment
Unemployment , as defined by the International Labour Organization, occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought work within the past four weeks...
rate (9.6% in 2007), and the slow progress of necessary economic reforms. Of particular concern is the heavily backlogged judiciary
Judiciary
The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes...
system, combined with inefficient public administration
Public administration
Public Administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal.....
, especially regarding the issues of land ownership and corruption in the public sector. Unemployment is regionally uneven: it is very high in eastern and southern parts of the country, nearing 20% in some areas, while relatively low in the north-west and in larger cities, where it is between 3 and 7%. Unemployment has been constantly declining by 5% over the last 7 years.
The country has since experienced faster economic growth
Economic growth
In economics, economic growth is defined as the increasing capacity of the economy to satisfy the wants of goods and services of the members of society. Economic growth is enabled by increases in productivity, which lowers the inputs for a given amount of output. Lowered costs increase demand...
and has been preparing for membership in the European Union, its most important trading partner
International trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product...
.
In February 2005, the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European Union officially came into force, and Croatia is advancing towards full EU membership
Accession of Croatia to the European Union
Croatia applied for European Union membership in 2003, and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate in early 2004. Candidate country status was granted to Croatia by the European Council in mid-2004...
. The country expects serious positive economic impulses and high growth rates in the coming years, as currently its economic development is marred by a high export deficit and a high but manageable debt. Croatia is expecting a major boom in investments, especially greenfield
Greenfield land
Greenfield land is a term used to describe undeveloped land in a city or rural area either used for agriculture, landscape design, or left to naturally evolve...
investments.
Gross Domestic Product
GDP per Country: (source IMF/World Bank - 1990)Note: Statistics in this table are from 1990. Croatian GDP per capita grew by almost 300% between 1990 and 2008.
| Republic | Economy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republic | Number of citizens | GDP/Million of USD | GDP/USD per capita | |
| 1 | Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of... |
1,982,000 | 13,740 | 6 940 |
| 2 | Croatia Croatia Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ... |
4,784,000 | 25,640 | 5 350 |
| 3 | Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans... |
9,534,000 | 27,930 | 2,930 |
| - | Vojvodina Vojvodina Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad... |
1,996,000 | 7,660 | 3,380 |
| - | Central Serbia Central Serbia Central Serbia , also referred to as Serbia proper , was the region of Serbia from 1945 to 2009. It included central parts of Serbia outside of the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. The region of Central Serbia was not an administrative division of Serbia as such; it was under the... |
5,582,000 | 16,910 | 3,030 |
| - | Kosovo Kosovo Kosovo is a region in southeastern Europe. Part of the Ottoman Empire for more than five centuries, later the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within Serbia... |
1,956,000 | 3,360 | 1,770 |
| 4 | Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the... |
4,364 000 | 10,870 | 2 490 |
| 5 | Montenegro Montenegro Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the... |
652,000 | 1,520 | 2 330 |
| 6 | Macedonia Republic of Macedonia Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991... |
2,021,000 | 4,420 | 2 180 |
| Total | Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,... |
23 451 000 | 84,120 | 3 587 |
Fiscal year:
calendar year
GDP per county: (source Croatian statistical institute for year 2005)
| Rank | County | Number of citizens | GDP (millions of euros) | GDP/euros per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city... |
779,145 | 10,070 | 12,908 |
| 2 | Istria County Istria County Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene... |
205,825 | 1,884 | 9,126 |
| 3 | Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski kotar County is a county in western Croatia that includes the Bay of Kvarner and the surrounding Northern Croatian seacoast, and the mountainous region of Gorski kotar... |
306,159 | 2,547 | 8,337 |
| 4 | Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj county is a county in Croatia that includes most of the Lika region and some northern coastline of the Adriatic near the town of Senj, including the northern part of the Pag island... |
53,006 | 378 | 7,136 |
| 5 | Varaždin County Varaždin County Varaždin County is a county in northern Croatia. It is named after its county seat, the city of Varaždin.-Geography:In addition to the city of Varaždin, the county includes the towns of Ivanec, Ludbreg, Lepoglava, Novi Marof and Varaždinske Toplice, as well as 22 municipalities... |
185,756 | 1,261 | 6,787 |
| 6 | Koprivnica-Krizevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County is a county in northern Croatia. Its hyphenated name comes from two entities: the two of its largest cities, Koprivnica and Križevci.... |
125,352 | 845 | 6,744 |
| 7 | Dubrovnik-Neretva County Dubrovnik-Neretva County The Dubrovnik–Neretva County is the southernmost Croatian county located in south Dalmatia. The county seat is Dubrovnik and other large towns are Korčula, Metković, Opuzen and Ploče... |
123,047 | 785 | 6,382 |
| 8 | Zadar County Zadar County Zadar County is a county in Croatia, it encompasses northern Dalmatia and southeastern Lika. Its center is the city of Zadar.- Population :According to the 2001 census, Zadar County has population of 162,045... |
160,506 | 945 | 5,887 |
| 9 | Medjimurje County | 120,790 | 684 | 5,662 |
| 10 | Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County is a Croatian county in eastern Central Croatia and southwestern Slavonia. It is named after the city of Sisak and the region Moslavina just across the river Sava. According to 2001 census it is inhabited by 185 thousand people.... |
182,615 | 1,001 | 5,478 |
| 11 | Karlovac County Karlovac County Karlovac County is a county in central Croatia, with the administrative center in Karlovac.The city of Karlovac is another fort from the times of the Military Frontier... |
142,313 | 777 | 5,460 |
| 12 | Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County is the central-southern Dalmatian county in Croatia. The administrative center is Split. The population of the county is 455,242... |
459,818 | 2,472 | 5,374 |
| 13 | Zagreb County Zagreb County Zagreb County is a county in central Croatia. It surrounds – but does not contain – the nation's capital Zagreb, which is a separate territorial unit. For that reason, it is often nicknamed "Zagreb ring"... |
309,369 | 1,640 | 5,294 |
| 14 | Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County is a county in central Croatia.The central town of Bjelovar was first mentioned in 1413, and it only gained importance when a new fort was built in 1756 to defend against the Ottoman invasions... |
133,198 | 704 | 5,285 |
| 15 | Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja county is a county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranja. Its center is Osijek; other cities include Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Belišće, Beli Manastir.-Administrative divisions:Osijek-Baranja county is divided into:... |
329,465 | 1,736 | 5,260 |
| 16 | Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje county is a county in northern Croatia. It encompasses most of the historic region called Hrvatsko Zagorje.The Krapina-Zagorje county is a candidate for being the most idyllic county in Croatia: the many villages and small towns spread out across the hillsides are perfect for... |
143,465 | 732 | 5,101 |
| 17 | Pozega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia county is a Croatian county in western Slavonia. Its capital is Požega. Population: 85,831 .-Geography:The Požega-Slavonia county borders on the Bjelovar-Bilogora County in the northwest, Virovitica-Podravina County in the north, Osijek-Baranja County in the northeast,... |
84,897 | 411 | 4,835 |
| 18 | Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina county is a northern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its county seat is in Virovitica and it includes the area around the Drava river, hence the name Podravina... |
93,952 | 451 | 4,803 |
| 19 | Sibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County is a county in Croatia, located in north-central Dalmatia. Its center is Šibenik; other notable towns are Knin, Drniš and Skradin.... |
114,344 | 498 | 4,368 |
| 20 | Vukovar-Srijem County | 195,771 | 788 | 4,028 |
| 21 | Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County is the southern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its center is the city of Slavonski Brod and it spreads along the left bank of the Sava river, hence the name Posavina... |
177,558 | 654 | 3,785 |
| Total | Croatia Croatia Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ... |
4,442,000 | 31,263 | 7,038 |
GDP per county: (source Croatian statistical institute for year 2006)
| Rank | County | Number of citizens | GDP (millions of euros) | GDP/euros per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city... |
779,145 | 10,924 | 14,005 |
| 2 | Istria County Istria County Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene... |
205,825 | 2,070 | 10,048 |
| 3 | Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski kotar County is a county in western Croatia that includes the Bay of Kvarner and the surrounding Northern Croatian seacoast, and the mountainous region of Gorski kotar... |
306,159 | 2,787 | 9,107 |
| 4 | Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj county is a county in Croatia that includes most of the Lika region and some northern coastline of the Adriatic near the town of Senj, including the northern part of the Pag island... |
53,006 | 410 | 7,735 |
| 5 | Varaždin County Varaždin County Varaždin County is a county in northern Croatia. It is named after its county seat, the city of Varaždin.-Geography:In addition to the city of Varaždin, the county includes the towns of Ivanec, Ludbreg, Lepoglava, Novi Marof and Varaždinske Toplice, as well as 22 municipalities... |
185,756 | 1,401 | 7,540 |
| 6 | Koprivnica-Križevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County is a county in northern Croatia. Its hyphenated name comes from two entities: the two of its largest cities, Koprivnica and Križevci.... |
125,352 | 945 | 7,535 |
| 7 | Dubrovnik-Neretva County Dubrovnik-Neretva County The Dubrovnik–Neretva County is the southernmost Croatian county located in south Dalmatia. The county seat is Dubrovnik and other large towns are Korčula, Metković, Opuzen and Ploče... |
123,047 | 880 | 7,154 |
| 8 | Zadar County Zadar County Zadar County is a county in Croatia, it encompasses northern Dalmatia and southeastern Lika. Its center is the city of Zadar.- Population :According to the 2001 census, Zadar County has population of 162,045... |
160,506 | 1,052 | 6,554 |
| 9 | Medjimurje County | 120,790 | 758 | 6,275 |
| 10 | Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County is a Croatian county in eastern Central Croatia and southwestern Slavonia. It is named after the city of Sisak and the region Moslavina just across the river Sava. According to 2001 census it is inhabited by 185 thousand people.... |
182,615 | 1,084 | 5,927 |
| 11 | Karlovac County Karlovac County Karlovac County is a county in central Croatia, with the administrative center in Karlovac.The city of Karlovac is another fort from the times of the Military Frontier... |
142,313 | 840 | 5,903 |
| 12 | Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County is a county in central Croatia.The central town of Bjelovar was first mentioned in 1413, and it only gained importance when a new fort was built in 1756 to defend against the Ottoman invasions... |
133,198 | 780 | 5,855 |
| 13 | Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County is the central-southern Dalmatian county in Croatia. The administrative center is Split. The population of the county is 455,242... |
459,818 | 2,649 | 5,758 |
| 14 | Zagreb County Zagreb County Zagreb County is a county in central Croatia. It surrounds – but does not contain – the nation's capital Zagreb, which is a separate territorial unit. For that reason, it is often nicknamed "Zagreb ring"... |
309,369 | 1,800 | 5,806 |
| 15 | Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja county is a county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranja. Its center is Osijek; other cities include Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Belišće, Beli Manastir.-Administrative divisions:Osijek-Baranja county is divided into:... |
329,465 | 1,900 | 5,757 |
| 16 | Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje county is a county in northern Croatia. It encompasses most of the historic region called Hrvatsko Zagorje.The Krapina-Zagorje county is a candidate for being the most idyllic county in Croatia: the many villages and small towns spread out across the hillsides are perfect for... |
143,465 | 802 | 5,588 |
| 17 | Pozega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia county is a Croatian county in western Slavonia. Its capital is Požega. Population: 85,831 .-Geography:The Požega-Slavonia county borders on the Bjelovar-Bilogora County in the northwest, Virovitica-Podravina County in the north, Osijek-Baranja County in the northeast,... |
84,897 | 462 | 5,435 |
| 18 | Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina county is a northern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its county seat is in Virovitica and it includes the area around the Drava river, hence the name Podravina... |
93,952 | 506 | 5,382 |
| 19 | Sibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County is a county in Croatia, located in north-central Dalmatia. Its center is Šibenik; other notable towns are Knin, Drniš and Skradin.... |
114,344 | 570 | 5,000 |
| 20 | Vukovar-Srijem County | 195,771 | 872 | 4,455 |
| 21 | Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County is the southern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its center is the city of Slavonski Brod and it spreads along the left bank of the Sava river, hence the name Posavina... |
177,558 | 728 | 4,097 |
| Total | Croatia Croatia Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ... |
4,440,000 | 34,220 | 7,707 |
GDP per county: (GDP for year 2007 - source Croatian National Bank)
| Rank | County | Number of citizens | GDP (millions of euros) | GDP/euros per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city... |
779,145 | 11,812 | 15,140 |
| 2 | Istria County Istria County Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene... |
205,825 | 2,254 | 10,942 |
| 3 | Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski kotar County is a county in western Croatia that includes the Bay of Kvarner and the surrounding Northern Croatian seacoast, and the mountainous region of Gorski kotar... |
306,159 | 3,124 | 10,210 |
| 4 | Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj county is a county in Croatia that includes most of the Lika region and some northern coastline of the Adriatic near the town of Senj, including the northern part of the Pag island... |
53,006 | 466 | 8,790 |
| 5 | Varaždin County Varaždin County Varaždin County is a county in northern Croatia. It is named after its county seat, the city of Varaždin.-Geography:In addition to the city of Varaždin, the county includes the towns of Ivanec, Ludbreg, Lepoglava, Novi Marof and Varaždinske Toplice, as well as 22 municipalities... |
185,756 | 1,577 | 8,480 |
| 6 | Koprivnica-Krizevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County is a county in northern Croatia. Its hyphenated name comes from two entities: the two of its largest cities, Koprivnica and Križevci.... |
125,352 | 1,045 | 8,310 |
| 7 | Dubrovnik-Neretva County Dubrovnik-Neretva County The Dubrovnik–Neretva County is the southernmost Croatian county located in south Dalmatia. The county seat is Dubrovnik and other large towns are Korčula, Metković, Opuzen and Ploče... |
123,047 | 974 | 7,920 |
| 8 | Zadar County Zadar County Zadar County is a county in Croatia, it encompasses northern Dalmatia and southeastern Lika. Its center is the city of Zadar.- Population :According to the 2001 census, Zadar County has population of 162,045... |
160,506 | 1,184 | 7,375 |
| 9 | Medjimurje County | 120,790 | 848 | 7,020 |
| 10 | Zagreb County Zagreb County Zagreb County is a county in central Croatia. It surrounds – but does not contain – the nation's capital Zagreb, which is a separate territorial unit. For that reason, it is often nicknamed "Zagreb ring"... |
309,369 | 2,018 | 6,520 |
| 11 | Karlovac County Karlovac County Karlovac County is a county in central Croatia, with the administrative center in Karlovac.The city of Karlovac is another fort from the times of the Military Frontier... |
142,313 | 915 | 6,447 |
| 12 | Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County is a Croatian county in eastern Central Croatia and southwestern Slavonia. It is named after the city of Sisak and the region Moslavina just across the river Sava. According to 2001 census it is inhabited by 185 thousand people.... |
182,615 | 1,170 | 6,397 |
| 13 | Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County is a county in central Croatia.The central town of Bjelovar was first mentioned in 1413, and it only gained importance when a new fort was built in 1756 to defend against the Ottoman invasions... |
133,198 | 843 | 6,338 |
| 14 | Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County is the central-southern Dalmatian county in Croatia. The administrative center is Split. The population of the county is 455,242... |
459,818 | 2,915 | 6,336 |
| 15 | Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja county is a county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranja. Its center is Osijek; other cities include Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Belišće, Beli Manastir.-Administrative divisions:Osijek-Baranja county is divided into:... |
329,465 | 2,066 | 6,275 |
| 16 | Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje county is a county in northern Croatia. It encompasses most of the historic region called Hrvatsko Zagorje.The Krapina-Zagorje county is a candidate for being the most idyllic county in Croatia: the many villages and small towns spread out across the hillsides are perfect for... |
143,465 | 884 | 6,155 |
| 17 | Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina county is a northern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its county seat is in Virovitica and it includes the area around the Drava river, hence the name Podravina... |
93,952 | 562 | 5,978 |
| 18 | Pozega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia county is a Croatian county in western Slavonia. Its capital is Požega. Population: 85,831 .-Geography:The Požega-Slavonia county borders on the Bjelovar-Bilogora County in the northwest, Virovitica-Podravina County in the north, Osijek-Baranja County in the northeast,... |
84,897 | 502 | 5,906 |
| 19 | Sibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County is a county in Croatia, located in north-central Dalmatia. Its center is Šibenik; other notable towns are Knin, Drniš and Skradin.... |
114,344 | 642 | 5,600 |
| 20 | Vukovar-Srijem County | 195,771 | 924 | 4,720 |
| 21 | Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County is the southern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its center is the city of Slavonski Brod and it spreads along the left bank of the Sava river, hence the name Posavina... |
177,558 | 772 | 4,340 |
| Total | Croatia Croatia Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ... |
4 440 000 | 37,497 | 8,450 |
GDP per county: (Preliminary GDP Data for year 2008 - source Croatian National Bank
Croatian National Bank
The Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring...
, first time grey market
Grey market
A grey market or gray market also known as parallel market is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels which, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized, or unintended by the original manufacturer...
included)
| Rank | County | Number of citizens | GDP (millions of euros) | GDP/euros per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city... |
779,145 | 15,035 | 19,270 |
| 2 | Istria County Istria County Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene... |
205,825 | 2,882 | 14,050 |
| 3 | Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Primorje-Gorski kotar County is a county in western Croatia that includes the Bay of Kvarner and the surrounding Northern Croatian seacoast, and the mountainous region of Gorski kotar... |
306,159 | 3,970 | 12,975 |
| 4 | Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj county is a county in Croatia that includes most of the Lika region and some northern coastline of the Adriatic near the town of Senj, including the northern part of the Pag island... |
53,006 | 644 | 12,145 |
| 5 | Varaždin County Varaždin County Varaždin County is a county in northern Croatia. It is named after its county seat, the city of Varaždin.-Geography:In addition to the city of Varaždin, the county includes the towns of Ivanec, Ludbreg, Lepoglava, Novi Marof and Varaždinske Toplice, as well as 22 municipalities... |
185,756 | 2,052 | 11,095 |
| 6 | Koprivnica-Krizevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County Koprivnica-Križevci County is a county in northern Croatia. Its hyphenated name comes from two entities: the two of its largest cities, Koprivnica and Križevci.... |
125,352 | 1,365 | 10,915 |
| 7 | Dubrovnik-Neretva County Dubrovnik-Neretva County The Dubrovnik–Neretva County is the southernmost Croatian county located in south Dalmatia. The county seat is Dubrovnik and other large towns are Korčula, Metković, Opuzen and Ploče... |
123,047 | 1,287 | 10,475 |
| 8 | Zadar County Zadar County Zadar County is a county in Croatia, it encompasses northern Dalmatia and southeastern Lika. Its center is the city of Zadar.- Population :According to the 2001 census, Zadar County has population of 162,045... |
160,506 | 1,552 | 9,700 |
| 9 | Medjimurje County | 120,790 | 1,118 | 9,315 |
| 10 | Karlovac County Karlovac County Karlovac County is a county in central Croatia, with the administrative center in Karlovac.The city of Karlovac is another fort from the times of the Military Frontier... |
142,313 | 1,201 | 8,465 |
| 11 | Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County Sisak-Moslavina County is a Croatian county in eastern Central Croatia and southwestern Slavonia. It is named after the city of Sisak and the region Moslavina just across the river Sava. According to 2001 census it is inhabited by 185 thousand people.... |
182,615 | 1,535 | 8,435 |
| 12 | Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County is a county in central Croatia.The central town of Bjelovar was first mentioned in 1413, and it only gained importance when a new fort was built in 1756 to defend against the Ottoman invasions... |
133,198 | 1,121 | 8,430 |
| 13 | Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje County Krapina-Zagorje county is a county in northern Croatia. It encompasses most of the historic region called Hrvatsko Zagorje.The Krapina-Zagorje county is a candidate for being the most idyllic county in Croatia: the many villages and small towns spread out across the hillsides are perfect for... |
143,465 | 1,194 | 8,355 |
| 14 | Zagreb County Zagreb County Zagreb County is a county in central Croatia. It surrounds – but does not contain – the nation's capital Zagreb, which is a separate territorial unit. For that reason, it is often nicknamed "Zagreb ring"... |
309,369 | 2,545 | 8,230 |
| 15 | Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County is the central-southern Dalmatian county in Croatia. The administrative center is Split. The population of the county is 455,242... |
459,818 | 3,745 | 8,145 |
| 16 | Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja county is a county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranja. Its center is Osijek; other cities include Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Belišće, Beli Manastir.-Administrative divisions:Osijek-Baranja county is divided into:... |
329,465 | 2,670 | 8,110 |
| 17 | Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina County Virovitica-Podravina county is a northern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its county seat is in Virovitica and it includes the area around the Drava river, hence the name Podravina... |
93,952 | 757 | 8,060 |
| 18 | Pozega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia County Požega-Slavonia county is a Croatian county in western Slavonia. Its capital is Požega. Population: 85,831 .-Geography:The Požega-Slavonia county borders on the Bjelovar-Bilogora County in the northwest, Virovitica-Podravina County in the north, Osijek-Baranja County in the northeast,... |
84,897 | 683 | 8,040 |
| 19 | Sibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County is a county in Croatia, located in north-central Dalmatia. Its center is Šibenik; other notable towns are Knin, Drniš and Skradin.... |
114,344 | 867 | 7,605 |
| 20 | Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County is the southern Slavonian county in Croatia. Its center is the city of Slavonski Brod and it spreads along the left bank of the Sava river, hence the name Posavina... |
177,558 | 1,107 | 6,250 |
| 21 | Vukovar-Srijem County | 195,771 | 1,172 | 6,010 |
| Total | Croatia Croatia Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ... |
4,440,000 | 48,502 | 10,890 |
__FORCETOC__
Pre-1990
In an economy traditionally based on agriculture and raising of livestock, peasants accounted for more than half of Croatia's population until after World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Pre-1945 industrialization was slow and centered on textile mills, sawmills, brick yards and food-processing plants.
Decentralization
__FORCETOC__Decentralization or decentralisation is the process of dispersing decision-making governance closer to the people and/or citizens. It includes the dispersal of administration or governance in sectors or areas like engineering, management science, political science, political economy,...
came in 1965 and spurred growth of several sectors including the prosperous tourist industry
Tourism in Croatia
Tourism in Croatia is a well-developed industry. Many tourists visit to experience the country's extensive coastline and well-preserved coastal Renaissance towns...
. Profits gained through Croatia's industry were used to develop poor regions in other parts of former Yugoslavia, leading to Croatia contributing much more to the federal Yugoslav economy than it gained in return. This, coupled with austerity program
Austerity
In economics, austerity is a policy of deficit-cutting, lower spending, and a reduction in the amount of benefits and public services provided. Austerity policies are often used by governments to reduce their deficit spending while sometimes coupled with increases in taxes to pay back creditors to...
s and hyperinflation
Hyperinflation
In economics, hyperinflation is inflation that is very high or out of control. While the real values of the specific economic items generally stay the same in terms of relatively stable foreign currencies, in hyperinflationary conditions the general price level within a specific economy increases...
in the 1980s, led to discontent in both Croatia and Slovenia which eventually fuelled political movements calling for independence. Foreign remittances contributed $2 billion annually to the economy by 1990.
Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, SR Croatia was the second most prosperous and industrialized area (after SR Slovenia), with a per capita output more than one-third above Yugoslav average. Privatization under the new Croatian government had barely begun when war broke out in 1991. Economic infrastructure was directly affected by the Croatian War of Independence
Croatian War of Independence
The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia —and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat...
and sustained massive damage, particularly in 1991 and 1992.
The Tuđman years
By the end of the 1990s, Croatia faced considerable economic problems stemming from:- damage during the internecine fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses;
- the large refugee and displaced population, both Croatian and Bosnian
- the disruption of economic ties; and
- mishandled privatization
Croatia, along with the remainder of the former Yugoslavia, experienced a serious depression. President Franjo Tuđman initiated the process of privatization and de-nationalization in Croatia; however, it was far from transparent. The new government's inefficient and slow legal system, combined with the wider context of the Yugoslav wars
Yugoslav wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of wars, fought throughout the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. The wars were complex: characterized by bitter ethnic conflicts among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, mostly between Serbs on the one side and Croats and Bosniaks on the other; but also...
, led to numerous cases of mishandled privatization efforts, collectively known as the Croatian privatization controversy
Croatian privatization controversy
The Croatian privatization controversy is a common name used to describe matters associated with the criminal activity which plunged the Republic of Croatia into an economic depression immediately after its creation.- Events :...
. Nepotism
Nepotism
Nepotism is favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit. The word nepotism is from the Latin word nepos, nepotis , from which modern Romanian nepot and Italian nipote, "nephew" or "grandchild" are also descended....
was endemic, with the president devising a concept of "200 families" which would control all property in Croatia, and during this period many influential individuals with the backing of the authorities acquired state-owned property and companies at extremely low prices, afterwards selling them off piecemeal to the highest bidder for much larger sums. This, along with the sudden loss of access to former Yugoslav market
Market
A market is one of many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services in exchange for money from buyers...
s, led to mass bankruptcies, and swelled the ranks of the unemployed by thousands, a problem Croatia still struggles with to this day. Miroslav Kutle
Miroslav Kutle
Miroslav Kutle is a Herzegovinian Croat entrepreneur. He became notorious for his involvement in the Croatian privatization controversy and was since sentenced to jail time for embezzlement on two occasions.-Education:...
was one of the leading businessmen in these endeavours, and he was subsequently incarcerated on multiple counts of embezzlement.
This was all helped by the inadequacy of legal restrictions in place and by the apparently active support of Croatia's authorities, which were ultimately controlled by President Tuđman. In the end this shed an increasingly negative light, and cast a shadow on his notable successes as a strategist and wartime statesman. Excluding the mostly rural rebel-occupied areas in the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina
Republic of Serbian Krajina
The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self-proclaimed Serb entity within Croatia. Established in 1991, it was not recognized internationally. It formally existed from 1991 to 1995, having been initiated a year earlier via smaller separatist regions. The name Krajina means "frontier"...
, in the last two years of Tuđman's first presidential term the detrimental effects of uncontrolled capitalism
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system that became dominant in the Western world following the demise of feudalism. There is no consensus on the precise definition nor on how the term should be used as a historical category...
had become strikingly visible, with more than 400,000 unemployed and a significant drop in GDP per capita, problems that Croatia struggles with to this day.
Inflation and unemployment rose sharply and the kuna
Croatian kuna
The kuna is the currency of Croatia since 1994 . It is subdivided into 100 lipa. The kuna is issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins are minted by the Croatian Monetary Institute....
fell, prompting the national bank to tighten its fiscal policy
Fiscal policy
In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and revenue collection to influence the economy....
. A new banking law passed in December 1998 gave the central bank more control over Croatia's 53 commercial banks and Croatia became dependent on international debt to finance its deficit.
Despite the successful value-added tax program, planned privatization of state controlled businesses, and a revised budget with a 7% cut in spending across that board, the government still projected a $200 million deficit for 1999.
Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, is a significant factor in the further development of the economy. The government has been successful in some reform efforts — partially macroeconomic stabilization policies — and it has normalized relations with its creditors.
In 1998 the government founded The Business Innovation Center of Croatia – BICRO
BICRO
The Business Innovation Center of Croatia or BICRO is an agency of the Croatian government formed in 1998 and responsible for allocating state funding for research and development projects....
, in order to implement technology development and innovation support programs, as an important paradigm of future development.
The recession
Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction, a general slowdown in economic activity. During recessions, many macroeconomic indicators vary in a similar way...
that began at the end of 1998 continued through most of 1999, and GDP in 1999 was flat. Inflation remained in check and the kuna was stable. However, consumer demand was weak and industrial production decreased. Structural reform lagged and problems of payment arrears and a lack of banking supervision continued.
Due to the upcoming elections, the ruling HDZ government promised two salary increases to public-sector employees before the end of the year which further increased the fiscal deficit.
After Tudman
The death of President Tuđman in December 1999 and the defeat of his Croatian Democratic UnionCroatian Democratic Union
The Croatian Democratic Union is the main center-right political party in Croatia. It is the biggest and strongest individual Croatian party since independence of Croatia. The Christian democratic HDZ governed Croatia from 1990 to 2000 and, in partial coalition, from 2003...
(HDZ) in the January 2000 elections ushered in a new government committed to economic reform and halting the economic decline.
The new government led by Ivica Račan
Ivica Racan
Ivica Račan was a Croatian career politician, leader of the League of Communists of Croatia and later Social Democratic Party from 1989 to 2007...
carried out a large number of structural reforms. With tourism as the main contributing factor the country emerged from recession in 2000. Due to overall increase in stability, the economic rating of the country improved and interest rate
Interest rate
An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a lender. For example, a small company borrows capital from a bank to buy new assets for their business, and in return the lender receives interest at a predetermined interest rate for...
s dropped. As a result of coalition
Coalition
A coalition is a pact or treaty among individuals or groups, during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own self-interest, joining forces together for a common cause. This alliance may be temporary or a matter of convenience. A coalition thus differs from a more formal covenant...
politics and resistance from the unions and the public, many reforms are still overdue, especially in the legal system.
Unemployment reached a peak of around 22% in late 2002 due to many overdue bankruptcies. It has since been steadily declining, powered by growing industrial production and rising GDP, rather than only seasonal changes from tourism. GDP rose to the level it had in 1990 only in 2003.
Most economic indicators remained positive in this period, except for the external debt
Debt
A debt is an obligation owed by one party to a second party, the creditor; usually this refers to assets granted by the creditor to the debtor, but the term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on economic value.A debt is created when a...
. The Croatian National Bank
Croatian National Bank
The Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring...
had to take steps to curb further growth of indebtedness of local banks with foreign banks. The dollar debt figure is quite adversely affected by the EUR
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
/USD ratio — over a third of the increase in debt since 2002 is due to currency value changes.
Tourism
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
is a notable source of income during the summer. With over 10 million foreign tourists a year (as of 2006), Croatia is ranked as the 18th major tourist destination in the world.
The Croatian economy is heavily interdependent on other principal economies of Europe, and any negative trends in these larger EU economies also have a negative impact on Croatia as they are its biggest trade partners. The country is a candidate for membership in the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
. During the accession, it is expected that agricultural policy will be the biggest stumbling block, as with other recent applicant countries.
By early 2005, the foreign debt of the Government declined in growth, and was surpassed in size by the foreign debt of the banking sector, prompting further interventions by the central bank. As of late 2007, the unemployment rate is 9.6%.
Banking
Central bank:
- Croatian National BankCroatian National BankThe Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring...
Major commercial banks:
- Zagrebačka bankaZagrebacka bankaZagrebačka banka or ZABA is the largest bank in Croatia, owned by UniCredit group of Italy. It was the first Croatian bank to become fully privatised in 1989 and the first one to be listed at the Zagreb Stock Exchange in 1995...
(owned by UniCredito from Italy) - Privredna banka ZagrebPrivredna banka ZagrebPrivredna banka Zagreb or PBZ is the second largest bank in Croatia , owned by Intesa Sanpaolo group of Italy. It is listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange and is one of 24 companies included in the CROBEX share index....
(owned by Intesa SanpaoloIntesa SanpaoloIntesa Sanpaolo is a banking group resulting from the merger between Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI based in Turin, Italy. It has clear leadership in the Italian market and a minor but growing international presence focused on Central-Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa Intesa Sanpaolo...
from Italy) - Hrvatska poštanska bankaHrvatska poštanska bankaHrvatska poštanska banka or HPB is the largest Croatian-owned bank in the country and ranks 7th in Croatia in term of total assets, worth around HRK 15.0 billion....
- Hypo-Alpe-Adria BankHypo-Alpe-Adria BankThe Hypo Group Alpe Adria is an Austrian banking group with numerous cross-border activities in eight countries of the Alps-Adriatic region...
(owned by Hypo-Alpe-Adria BankHypo-Alpe-Adria BankThe Hypo Group Alpe Adria is an Austrian banking group with numerous cross-border activities in eight countries of the Alps-Adriatic region...
from Austria) - Raiffeisen Bank Austria (owned by Raiffeisen from Austria)
- Erste & Steiermärkische Bank (former Riječka banka, owned by Erste Bank from Austria)
Central Budget
Overall Budget:revenues:
- $21.75 billion (114.2 billion Kuna)2007 (official figure)
- projected for 2008 - 124.2 billion Kuna (24.85 billion USD)
expenditures:
- $22.8 billion, (119.2 billion Kuna) 2007(official figure)
- projected for 2008 - 128.7 billion Kuna (25.74 billion USD)
Expenditure for 2007:
- Education - 10.5 billion Kuna
- Health Care - 21.4 billion Kuna
- Welfare & labour - 38.4 billion Kuna
- Interior and Justice - 6.6 billion Kuna
- Defense - 4.7 billion Kuna
- Finance - 11.1 billion Kuna
- Agriculture - 3.3 billion Kuna
- Culture and Sport - 1.2 billion Kuna
- Other - 17.0 billion kuna
Expenditure for 2008 = projected:
- Education - 12.4 billion Kuna
- Health Care - 22.4 billion Kuna
- Welfare and labour - 41.3 billion Kuna
- Interior and Justice - 6.6 billion Kuna
- Defense - 5.45 billion Kuna
- Finance - 12.0 billion Kuna
- Agriculture - 3.6 billion Kuna
- Culture and Sport - 1.2 billion Kuna
- Other - 23.8 billion Kuna
Economic indicators
From the CIA World Factbook 2007.GDP
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
:
purchasing power parity - $68.98 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
5.8% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $15,500 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 7.2%
industry: 31.6%
services: 61.2% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
1.749 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 2.7%, industry 32.8%, services 64.5% (2004)
Unemployment rate:
9.6% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
national absolute:
11% (2003)
internationally comparable:
4.8% (2003 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
3.4%
highest 10%:
24.5%
(2003 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
29 (2001)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.9% (2007)
Investment (gross fixed):
30.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$19.2 billion (104.5 billion Kuna)2007 (official figure)
projected for 2008 - 115.2 billion Kuna (21.95 billion USD)
expenditures:
$19.75 billion, (108.6 billion Kuna) 2007(official figure)
projected 3doe 2008 - 120.5 billion Kuna (22.9 billion USD)
Public debt:
47.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
wheat
Wheat
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...
, corn
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
, sugar beet
Sugar beet
Sugar beet, a cultivated plant of Beta vulgaris, is a plant whose tuber contains a high concentration of sucrose. It is grown commercially for sugar production. Sugar beets and other B...
s, sunflower
Sunflower
Sunflower is an annual plant native to the Americas. It possesses a large inflorescence . The sunflower got its name from its huge, fiery blooms, whose shape and image is often used to depict the sun. The sunflower has a rough, hairy stem, broad, coarsely toothed, rough leaves and circular heads...
seed, barley
Barley
Barley is a major cereal grain, a member of the grass family. It serves as a major animal fodder, as a base malt for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods...
, alfalfa
Alfalfa
Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop in the US, Canada, Argentina, France, Australia, the Middle East, South Africa, and many other countries. It is known as lucerne in the UK, France, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, and known as...
, clover
Clover
Clover , or trefoil, is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the leguminous pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution; the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes...
, olive
Olive
The olive , Olea europaea), is a species of a small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin as well as northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea.Its fruit, also called the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the...
s, citrus
Citrus
Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China...
, grape
Grape
A grape is a non-climacteric fruit, specifically a berry, that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, molasses and grape seed oil. Grapes are also...
s, soybean
Soybean
The soybean or soya bean is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses...
s, potato
Potato
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family . The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, there are some other closely related cultivated potato species...
es; livestock
Livestock
Livestock refers to one or more domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor. The term "livestock" as used in this article does not include poultry or farmed fish; however the inclusion of these, especially poultry, within the meaning...
, dairy products
Industries:
chemicals
Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products.-Products:...
and plastic
Plastic
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids used in the manufacture of industrial products. Plastics are typically polymers of high molecular mass, and may contain other substances to improve performance and/or reduce production costs...
s, machine tools, fabricated metal
Metal
A metal , is an element, compound, or alloy that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat. Metals are usually malleable and shiny, that is they reflect most of incident light...
, electronics, pig iron
Pig iron
Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Charcoal and anthracite have also been used as fuel...
and rolled steel
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
products, aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
, paper
Paper
Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon, drawing or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....
, wood
Wood
Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many trees. It has been used for hundreds of thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression...
products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
and petroleum refining, food
Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals...
and beverages; tourism
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
Industrial production growth rate:
5.2% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
11.99 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
33.6%
hydro:
66%
nuclear:
0%
other:
0.4% (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
14.97 billion kW·h (2005)
Electricity - exports:
3.634 billion kW·h (2005)
Electricity - imports:
8.746 billion kW·h (2005)
Oil - production:
27190 oilbbl/d (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
99000 oilbbl/d (2004 est.)
Oil - proved reserves:
69.14 Moilbbl (1 January 2006)
Natural gas - production:
1.477 billion cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
2.58 billion cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
1.103 billion cubic metres (2005 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
27.16 billion cubic metres (1 January 2006)
Current account balance:
−$4.385 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
$12.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
transport equipment, textiles, chemicals
Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products.-Products:...
, foodstuffs, fuels
Exports - partners:
Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
23.1%,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
12.7%,
Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
10.4%,
Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
8.3%,
Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
6.1%,
(2006)
Imports:
$26.54 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Italy 16.7%,
Germany 14.5%,
Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
9.7%,
Slovenia 6.8%,
Austria 5.4%,
China 5.3%,
(2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$13.67 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$45.29 billion (30 June 2007 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
ODA $125.4 million (2005)
Currency:
kuna
Croatian kuna
The kuna is the currency of Croatia since 1994 . It is subdivided into 100 lipa. The kuna is issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins are minted by the Croatian Monetary Institute....
(HRK)
Exchange rates:
kuna per US$1 –
5.3735 (2007),
5.8625 (2006),
5.9473 (2005),
6.0358 (2004),
6.7035 (2003),
7.8687 (2002),
8.34 (2001),
8.2766 (2000),
7.112 (1999),
6.362 (1998),
6.157 (1997),
5.434 (1996),
5.230 (1995)